Slut

Last updated

Slut (archaic: slattern) is an English-language term for a person, usually a woman, who is sexually promiscuous or considered to have loose sexual morals. [1] [2] It is predominately used as an insult, sexual slur or offensive term of disparagement. [2] [3] It originally meant "a dirty, slovenly woman", [2] and is rarely used to refer to men, generally requiring clarification by use of the terms male slut or man whore . [4] [5]

Contents

The word was used as early as the 1300s (in the form of an adjective, sluttish, referring to a man's untidy appearance) by Geoffrey Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales . [6] From the late 20th century, there have been attempts to reclaim the word, exemplified by various SlutWalk parades, and some individuals embrace the title as a source of pride. [7] [ better source needed ] [8]

Etymology, common usages and synonyms

The common denotative meanings of slut are 'sexually promiscuous woman', [1] or 'immoral or dissolute woman; prostitute'. [2] These definitions identify a slut as a woman of low character—a person who lacks the ability or chooses not to exercise a power of discernment to order her affairs. Similar terms used for men are cad, rake , male slut, man whore, himbo , womanizer, stud , and player. [4] [5] The adjective slutty carries a similar connotation, but can be applied both to people and to clothing and accessories, such as Halloween costumes. [9]

Although the ultimate origin of the word slut is unknown, it first appeared in Middle English in 1402 as slutte (AHD), with the meaning of 'dirty, untidy, or slovenly woman'. [10] Even earlier, Geoffrey Chaucer used the word sluttish (c. 1386) to describe a slovenly man; [11] [6] [12] [13] however, later uses appear almost exclusively associated with women. [10] The modern sense of 'sexually promiscuous woman' dates to at least 1450. [10] The word was originally used around 1450 in the late Middle English language. It was used to describe a woman as dirty, or refer to her as a prostitute, harlot, or immoral woman. The word slut also took a similar form around the same era in the Norwegian language as slutr 'sleet', also known as an impure liquor. [14]

Another early meaning was 'kitchen maid or drudge' (c. 1450), a meaning retained as late as the 18th century, when hard knots of dough found in bread were referred to as slut's pennies. [10] An example of this use is Samuel Pepys's diary description of his servant girl as "an admirable slut" who "pleases us mightily, doing more service than both the others and deserves wages better" (February 1664). [15] Slut and slutishness occur in Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It , written in 1599 or 1600. [16] In the nineteenth century, the word was used as a euphemism in place of bitch in the sense of a female dog. [10] [17]

Today, the term slut has a pervasive presence in popular culture and pornography, but is almost exclusively used to describe women. An exact male equivalent of the term does not exist. The lack of a comparably popular term for men highlights the double standard in societal expectations (gender roles) between males and females, as negative terms for sexually promiscuous males are rare. [5] [18] Out of the 220 terms ascribed to females and 20 terms ascribed to males, [4] all female terms are disapproving while some male terms signal approval or praise; these include stud, player, and man whore. [5] While colloquial terms such as male slut or man whore are used in popular culture, they are usually used in a joking manner. [19] There are, however, other terms that can be used to criticize men for their sexuality. For example, a man's masculinity can be undermined by using terms such as weak, sissy , pussy, or whipped. They also dismiss female-on-male abuse, and are just as powerful and representative of modern societal prejudices. Hence, women may find it difficult to hold high positions at their workplace, whereas men may be mocked for choosing to be stay-at-home fathers. Although a sexually active and professionally successful woman might be seen as a threat, a man without those qualities is often regarded with suspicion and questions about his sexuality. [20]

The word slut is commonly interchanged with the words tramp , whore, hoe, nympho , and hooker. All of these words have a very negative connotation. Additional meanings and connotations of the term are negative and identify a slut as being a slovenly and ugly person, for example, as in these quotations from OED2:

Hearne, 1715: "Nor was she a Woman of any Beauty, but was a nasty Slut."

Shenstone, 1765: "She's ugly, she's old, ... And a slut, and a scold."

The attack on the character of the person is perhaps best brought together by the highly suggestive and related compound word, slut's-hole, meaning a place or receptacle for rubbish; [21] the associated quote provides a sense of this original meaning:

Saturday Review (London) , 1862: "There are a good many slut-holes in London to rake out."

Slut can also be used as verb to denote behavior characterized as that of a slut. For example, in the 1972 play, That Championship Season , by Jason Miller, contained the exchange:

COACH: I don't care what that hot pantsed bitch said. Go home and kick her ass all over the kitchen. All that slutting around...
GEORGE. She's not a slut...
COACH. She was punished for slutting, wasn't she? She was punished and so were you! [22]

Alternative usages and culture

General

There have been various efforts to both criticise and reclaim use of the word slut. SlutWalk NYC October 2011 Shankbone 25.JPG
There have been various efforts to both criticise and reclaim use of the word slut.

The word slut is used as a slang term in the BDSM, polyamorous, and gay and bisexual communities. [23] [ page needed ] A parallel exists between the female term slut and the term gay for males. Unlike women, who are usually policed for being sexually promiscuous, men are often criticized for not being masculine or dominant enough, thus questioning their heterosexuality. Unlike women, who are expected to be sexually chaste, men are expected to be sexually active, thus having more sexual freedom. [19] Although slut is rarely used to describe heterosexual men, it is commonly used among gay males. When discussing sexual activity, slut is used to shame gay men for taking sexual risks, such as unprotected sex or having multiple partners. However, if used in a humorous way, slut may also favor sexual freedom and mark the shift from traditional gender roles in gay men. [24]

With BDSM, polyamorous, and non-monogamous people, in usage taken from the book The Ethical Slut , the term has been used as an expression of choice to openly have multiple partners, and revel in that choice: "a slut is a person of any gender who has the courage to lead life according to the radical proposition that sex is nice and pleasure is good for you." [23] : 4  A slut is a person who has taken control of their sexuality and has sex with whomever they choose, regardless of religious or social pressures or conventions to conform to a strait-laced monogamous lifestyle committed to one partner for life.

The term has been reappropriated to express the rejection of the concept that government, society, or religion may judge or control one's personal liberties, and the right to control one's own sexuality. In April 2013, Emily Lindin, founder of the UnSlut Project, created a blog to share her stories on sexual bullying to "provide some perspective to girls who currently feel trapped and ashamed". The blog now consists of entries from members of all ages, ethnicities, and genders. The film, UnSlut: A Documentary Film, coincides with the project and is screened across the country. [25]

The double standard associated with slut-labeling is part of the modern day rape culture. Rape culture is "the casual debasement [of women] ... that has become such a part of our lives that it is often invisible." [26] Though people in society are vocally anti-rape, there is an insinuation that certain types of rape are acceptable or that women are voluntarily taking actions that justify sexual advances. "For example, women continue to be blamed if they are raped because of how they are dressed, the assumption that women purportedly lie about being raped remains popular, and certain women, such as married women or women of colour, are still considered 'unrapeable'". [27] The word slut and the double standard it contains reflects the gender norms and gender biases [26] that are prevalent in a culture in which rape is constantly justified. People from all sects of society contribute to this justification. [28]

There have been many movements or "SlutWalks" taking place around the world to regain a sense of pride in women. Many slut walks or movements protest against the idea that a woman's appearance, often considered promiscuous, is a justification of sexual assault and rape. The participants in these walks protest against individuals that excuse rape due to the woman's appearance, including victim blaming and slut shaming; slut walks have now become a worldwide movement. [29]

Women of color

The word slut means different things to white women and people of color, especially black women. Slut has different associations for black women. Anna North of The New York Times covered Leora Tanenbaum who stated, "As Black women, we do not have the privilege or the space to call ourselves 'slut' without validating the already historically entrenched ideology and recurring messages about what and who the Black woman is." [30] She argued that, for black women, the word slut does not mean anything very harmful due to the history of being treated as slaves in the past. Black women's "relationship to the term slut" is informed by a history of racism and slavery, of "having been seen as objects of property, not just for the sexual gratification of those in power but also for reproduction of whole generations of slaves, which involved rape most of the time." [30]

Most of the SlutWalks were coordinated by white women, and some black women felt uncomfortable when joining. Sociologist Jo Reger writes: "Women of color ... argued that the white women organizers and participants had not considered the ways in which the sexuality of women of color had been constructed through a history of oppression, rape, and sexual exploitation." [31] : 88  People of color, especially black people, had been avoiding words like slut, jezebel, hottentot, mammy, mule, sapphire, or welfare queens. [31] : 88 

Model and actress Amber Rose was one of the first people to conduct and take a lead for a SlutWalk for people of color. "The Amber Rose SlutWalk Festival is a completely inclusive space. This event is a zero tolerance event and we do not condone hateful language, racism, sexism, ableism, fat-shaming, transphobia or any other kind of bigotry. Further, we recognize that shaming, oppression, assault and violence have disproportionately impacted marginalized groups, including women of color, transgender people and sex workers, and thus we are actively working to center these groups at our events." [32]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Misogyny</span> Prejudice against, or hatred of, women

Misogyny is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. It is a form of sexism that can keep women at a lower social status than men, thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy. Misogyny has been widely practised for thousands of years. It is reflected in art, literature, human societal structure, historical events, mythology, philosophy, and religion worldwide.

Promiscuity is the practice of engaging in sexual activity frequently with different partners or being indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners. The term can carry a moral judgment. A common example of behavior viewed as promiscuous by many cultures is the one-night stand, and its frequency is used by researchers as a marker for promiscuity.

<i>Butch</i> and <i>femme</i> Masculine and feminine identities in lesbians

Butch and femme are masculine (butch) or feminine (femme) identities in the lesbian subculture which have associated traits, behaviors, styles, self-perception, and so on. This concept has been called a "way to organize sexual relationships and gender and sexual identity". Butch–femme culture is not the sole form of a lesbian dyadic system, as there are many women in butch–butch and femme–femme relationships.

Femme is a term traditionally used to describe a lesbian woman who exhibits a feminine identity or gender presentation. While commonly viewed as a lesbian term, alternate meanings of the word also exist with some non-lesbian individuals using the word, notably some gay men and bisexuals. Some non-binary and transgender individuals also identify as lesbians using this term.

The sex-positive movement is a social and philosophical movement that seeks to change cultural attitudes and norms around sexuality, promoting the recognition of sexuality as a natural and healthy part of the human experience and emphasizing the importance of personal sovereignty, safer sex practices, and consensual sex. It covers every aspect of sexual identity including gender expression, orientation, relationship to the body, relationship-style choice, and reproductive rights. Sex-positivity is "an attitude towards human sexuality that regards all consensual sexual activities as fundamentally healthy and pleasurable, encouraging sexual pleasure and experimentation." It challenges societal taboos and aims to promote healthy and consensual sexual activities. The sex-positive movement also advocates for comprehensive sex education and safe sex as part of its campaign. The movement generally makes no moral distinctions among types of sexual activities, regarding these choices as matters of personal preference.

Some victims of rape or other sexual violence incidents are male. It is estimated that approximately one in six men experienced sexual abuse during childhood. Historically, rape was thought to be, and defined as, a crime committed solely against females. This belief is still held in some parts of the world, but rape of males is now commonly criminalized and has been subject to more discussion than in the past.

Effeminacy or male femininity is the embodiment of feminine traits in boys or men, particularly those considered untypical of men or masculinity. These traits include roles, stereotypes, behaviors, and appearances that are socially associated with women and girls. Throughout history, men considered effeminate have faced prejudice and discrimination. Gay men are often stereotyped as being effeminate, and vice versa. However, femininity, masculinity, and other forms of gender expression are independent of sexual orientation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terminology of homosexuality</span> History of terms used to describe homosexuality

Terms used to describe homosexuality have gone through many changes since the emergence of the first terms in the mid-19th century. In English, some terms in widespread use have been sodomite, Achillean, Sapphic, Uranian, homophile, lesbian, gay, effeminate, queer, homoaffective, and same-gender attracted. Some of these words are specific to women, some to men, and some can be used of either. Gay people may also be identified under the umbrella term LGBT.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rape culture</span> Society in which rape is pervasive and normalised

Rape culture is a setting, as described by some sociological theories, in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to that setting's attitudes about gender and sexuality. Behaviors commonly associated with rape culture include victim blaming, slut-shaming, sexual objectification, trivializing rape, denial of widespread rape, refusing to acknowledge the harm caused by sexual violence, or some combination of these. It has been used to describe and explain behavior within social groups, including prison rape and in conflict areas where war rape is used as psychological warfare. Entire societies have been alleged to be rape cultures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT stereotypes</span> Stereotypes around LGBTQ people and communities

LGBT stereotypes are stereotypes about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are based on their sexual orientations, gender identities, or gender expressions. Stereotypical perceptions may be acquired through interactions with parents, teachers, peers and mass media, or, more generally, through a lack of firsthand familiarity, resulting in an increased reliance on generalizations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Androphilia and gynephilia</span> Sexual orientation to men or women

Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation, as an alternative to a gender binary homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to men and/or masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to women and/or femininity. Ambiphilia describes the combination of both androphilia and gynephilia in a given individual, or bisexuality.

Lipstick feminism is a variety of feminism that seeks to embrace traditional concepts of femininity, including the sexual power of women, alongside traditional feminist ideas. The concept emerged within the third-wave as a response to ideals created by previous movements, where women felt that they could not both be feminine and a feminist.

Gay is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual. The term originally meant 'carefree', 'cheerful', or 'bright and showy'.

Feminist sexology is an offshoot of traditional studies of sexology that focuses on the intersectionality of sex and gender in relation to the sexual lives of women. Sexology has a basis in psychoanalysis, specifically Freudian theory, which played a big role in early sexology. This reactionary field of feminist sexology seeks to be inclusive of experiences of sexuality and break down the problematic ideas that have been expressed by sexology in the past. Feminist sexology shares many principles with the overarching field of sexology; in particular, it does not try to prescribe a certain path or "normality" for women's sexuality, but only observe and note the different and varied ways in which women express their sexuality. It is a young field, but one that is growing rapidly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesbophobia</span> Irrational fear of, and aversion to, lesbians

Lesbophobia comprises various forms of prejudice and negativity towards lesbians as individuals, as couples, as a social group, or lesbianism in general. Based on the categories of sex, sexual orientation, identity, and gender expression, this negativity encompasses prejudice, discrimination, hatred, and abuse; with attitudes and feelings ranging from disdain to hostility. Lesbophobia is misogyny that intersects with homophobia, and vice versa. It is analogous to gayphobia.

Sexual slang is a set of linguistic terms and phrases used to refer to sexual organs, processes, and activities; they are generally considered colloquial rather than formal or medical, and some may be seen as impolite or improper.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SlutWalk</span> Feminist protest

SlutWalk is a transnational movement calling for an end to rape culture, including victim blaming and slut-shaming of sexual assault victims. Participants protest against explaining or excusing rape by referring to any aspect of a woman's appearance. The rallies began on April 3, 2011, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, after a Toronto Police officer suggested that "women should avoid dressing like sluts" as a precaution against sexual assault. Subsequent rallies have occurred globally.

<i>The Evolution of Human Sexuality</i> 1979 book by Donald Symons

The Evolution of Human Sexuality is a 1979 book about human sexuality by the anthropologist Donald Symons, in which the author discusses topics such as human sexual anatomy, ovulation, orgasm, homosexuality, sexual promiscuity, and rape, attempting to show how evolutionary concepts can be applied to humans. Symons argues that the female orgasm is not an adaptive trait and that women have the capacity for it only because orgasm is adaptive for men, and that differences between the sexual behavior of male and female homosexuals help to show underlying differences between male and female sexuality. In his view, homosexual men tend to be sexually promiscuous because of the tendency of men in general to desire sex with a large number of partners, a tendency that in heterosexual men is usually restrained by women's typical lack of interest in promiscuous sex. Symons also argues that rape can be explained in evolutionary terms and feminist claims that it is not sexually motivated are incorrect.

Slut-shaming is the practice of criticizing people, especially women and girls, who are perceived to violate expectations of behavior and appearance regarding issues related to sexuality. The term is used to reclaim the word slut and empower women and girls to have agency over their own sexuality. Gender-based violence can be a result of slut-shaming primarily affecting women. It may also be used in reference to gay men, who may face disapproval for promiscuous sexual behaviors. Slut-shaming rarely happens to heterosexual men.

Promiscuity tends to be frowned upon by many societies that expect most members to have committed, long-term relationships. Among women, as well as men, inclination for sex outside committed relationships is correlated with a high libido, but evolutionary biology as well as social and cultural factors have also been observed to influence sexual behavior and opinion.

References

  1. 1 2 "Slut". Merriam-Webster . Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Slut". Reference.com . Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  3. ↑ Nathanson, Rebecca (2 October 2011). "SlutWalk Rally Against Sexual Violence Draws Huge Crowd of Feminists". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 Paludi, Michele A.; Martin, Jennifer L.; Gruber, James E.; Fineran, Susan (2015). Sexual Harassment in Education and Work Settings: Current Research and Best Practices for Prevention. ABC-CLIO. p. 15. ISBN   978-1-4408-3294-9 . Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Julia Wood (2014). Gendered Lives. Cengage Learning. p. 108. ISBN   978-1-285-07593-8 . Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  6. 1 2 Bennett, Jessica (20 March 2015). "Monica Lewinsky and Why the Word Slut Is Still So Potent" . Time. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  7. ↑ Greer, Germaine (12 May 2011). "These 'slut walk' women are simply fighting for their right to be dirty". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
  8. ↑ Westcott, Kathryn (9 May 2011). "Why is the word 'slut' so powerful?". BBC News Magazine .
  9. ↑ Carroll, Caitlin (31 October 2005). "What's the deal with slutty Halloween costumes?". The GW Hatchet (student newspaper). George Washington University . Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Harper, Douglas. "slut". Online Etymology Dictionary .
  11. ↑ Tanenbaum, Leora (2 February 2015). "A Brief History Of 'Slut'". HuffPost. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  12. ↑ "From Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", The Manciple's Tale, lines 139-154". www.librarius.com. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  13. ↑ "The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue. The Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer. 1894. The Complete Poetical Works". www.bartleby.com. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  14. ↑ "the definition of slut".
  15. ↑ "Samuel Pepys Diary February 1664 complete". Pepys.info. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  16. ↑ Shakespeare, William. As You Like It (III, iii, 1531–1537). "[Audrey:] Well, I am not fair; and therefore I pray the gods make me / honest. / [Touchstone:] Truly, and to cast away honesty upon a foul slut were / to put good meat into an unclean dish. / [Audrey:] I am not a slut, though I thank the gods I am foul. / [Touchstone:] Well, praised be the gods for thy foulness; / sluttishness may come hereafter. ..."
  17. ↑ Soule, Richard (1900). Howison, George H. (ed.). A dictionary of English synonymes and synonymous or parallel expressions designed as a practical guide to aptness and variety of phraseology (revised and enlarged ed.). Boston: Little, Brown. p. 49. OCLC   7437533.
  18. ↑ Sigal, Janet A.; Denmark, Florence L. (2013). Violence against girls and women: international perspectives . Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. ISBN   978-1-4408-0335-2.[ page needed ]
  19. 1 2 Flood, Michael (2013). "Male and Female Sluts". Australian Feminist Studies. 28 (75): 95–107. doi:10.1080/08164649.2012.758024. S2CID   54991899. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2018– via Taylor & Francis Online.
  20. ↑ Devon, Natasha (15 October 2014). "Is there a male equivalent to calling a woman a 'slut'?" . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  21. ↑ "slut's-hole" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  22. ↑ Jason Miller, That Championship Season (1972), p. 43.
  23. 1 2 Easton, Dossie; Liszt, Catherine A. (1997). The Ethical Slut: A Guide to Infinite Sexual Possibilities . San Francisco: Greenery Press. ISBN   1-890159-01-8.
  24. ↑ McDavitt, Bryce; Mutchler, Matt G (2014). "'Dude, you're such a slut!' Barriers and facilitators of sexual communication among young gay men and their best friends". Journal of Adolescent Research. 29 (4): 464–498. doi:10.1177/0743558414528974. PMC   4239541 . PMID   25419044.
  25. ↑ Lindin, Emily. "The UnSlut Project".
  26. 1 2 Breger, Melissa L. (1 July 2014). "Transforming cultural norms of sexual violence against women". Journal of Research in Gender Studies. Retrieved 10 August 2018– via Free Online Library.
  27. ↑ "Login Required". search.rdsinc.com. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  28. ↑ Mahler, Jonathan (11 October 2016). "For Many Women, Trump's 'Locker Room Talk' Brings Memories of Abuse" . The New York Times.
  29. ↑ "SlutWalk DC". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  30. 1 2 North, Anna (3 February 2015). "Should 'Slut' Be Retired?" . Op-Talk. The New York Times.
  31. 1 2 Reger, Jo (2015). "The Story of a Slut Walk: Sexuality, Race, and Generational Divisions in Contemporary Feminist Activism". Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 44 (1): 84–112. doi:10.1177/0891241614526434.
  32. ↑ Rose, Amber. "The Amber Rose Slutwalk". About the Walk. Amber Rose. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.

Further reading

Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of slut at Wiktionary

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.