Saribus rotundifolius

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Saribus rotundifolius
Livistona rotundifolia.JPG
Saribus rotundifolius at the Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Genus: Saribus
Species:
S. rotundifolius
Binomial name
Saribus rotundifolius
Synonyms [2] [3]
  • Corypha rotundifolia Lam.
  • Licuala rotundifolia(Lam.) Blume
  • Livistona altissima Zoll.
  • Livistona microcarpa Becc.
  • Livistona mindorensisBecc.
  • Livistona robinsonianaBecc.
  • Livistona rotundifolia(Lam.) Mart.

Saribus rotundifolius, also known as the footstool palm, [2] [4] [5] is a common fan palm found in Southeast Asia. [6] It is a member of the genus Saribus . [5] [7]

Contents

Common names

It is called anáhaw or luyong in Filipino. [4] In Malay the palm is known as serdang daun bulat. [2]

Taxonomy

Saribus rotundifolius was first described as Corypha rotundifolia by the French Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1786. [8] It was moved to the Saribus genus by the German-Dutch botanist Carl Ludwig Blume in a publication issued in 1838 or 1839. [1] This move was generally not accepted by others in the field. In 2011, after DNA research, the reclassification from the Livistona genus to the resurrected genus Saribus was official. [7] [9] The generic epithet Saribus comes from a local name in one of the Maluku languages, as recorded by the Dutch, sariboe. [10] The specific epithet means 'round-leaved' in Latin. [9]

Description

Saribus rotundifolius is a hermaphrodite fan palm. [2] The palm is evergreen, erect, and only grows having a single trunk ('solitary'). It grows at a height ranging from 15 to 25 metres, [11] exceptionally up to 45 metres tall, [2] and thickness of 15 to 25 cm diameter at breast height. [2] [11] Its trunk is smooth and straight with a shallow rings of leaf scars. [11] The trunk is rather massive and tapering. It usually grows to 60 feet (18 m) tall, but may rarely reach 90 feet (27 m) tall. The young trees have a green crown. This species is seldom seen with a slight skirt of drooping, dead leaves. The sheaths are chestnut brown in colour. [9]

The palmately-lobed leaves are spirally arranged around the trunk. The petioles are long. [9] [10] The entire leaf is some 1.2 metres in length. The leaf blade is entire in its centre, [9] and almost round in outline. It is regularly divided to about half of the length and 1.2 metres in diameter. [10] The leaf segments are forked, but not deeply, at their ends. [9] The leaf segments have one main nerve. [12]

The flowers are borne on an inflorescence with a long peduncle, about 0.9 to 1.2 metres long. The three-petalled flowers appear in bunches. [10]

The fruit is a fleshy drupe. [10] It is about 2cm in diameter, [9] [10] quite round, [9] and coloured brick red as it ripens, ultimately becoming black when ripe. [9] [10]

Distribution

The palm is native to Sulawesi and the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and the Philippines. The native distribution stretches from Banggi Island in Sabah, Malaysia, off the north-east coastal tip of Borneo in the west, to the Raja Ampat Islands near Maluku off the north-west tip of Bird's Head Peninsula in Indonesia's West Papua province in the east. Its northernmost native distribution is in the Philippines. [3] [5] It is abundant throughout the Philippines. [5] It has been introduced into the wild in Java, the Lesser Sunda islands, Peninsular Malaysia and Trinidad and Tobago. [3] It has also been introduced to India. [10]

On Java it occurs in the west and the central-eastern parts of the island. It is usually found as a cultivated plant, but already in the 1960s in some places it has escaped into the wild, becoming locally very numerous. [12]

Ecology

The lepidopteran caterpillars of the species Suastus gremius and Elymnias hypermnestra have been recorded using Saribus rotundifolius as a host plant. [13] The tree only flowers after it becomes very old. Its flowers are pollinated by bees. [10]

Uses

Saribus rotundifolius can be grown in humid, tropical areas. It is a common landscaping plant in the Philippines, and has been widely cultivated in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java and elsewhere, for a long time. [7] [9] [12] The fruit are quite attractive. [10] It is cultivated as an ornamental throughout Colombia. [3]

The leaves are used for the thatching of roofs and wrapping food. Overharvesting of the leaves of plants causes a reduction in leaf size. The leaves do grow faster after harvest but tend to be smaller. [6]

The foliage of the Saribus rotundifolius is the unofficial national leaf of the Philippines. [14]

Conservation

This plant species is common and has been classed as 'least concern'. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Salacca</i> Genus of palms

Salacca is a genus of about 20 species of palms native to Southeast Asia and the eastern Himalayas. They are dioecious and pollinated by Curculionidae beetles.

<i>Antidesma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Antidesma is a genus of tropical plant in the family Phyllanthaceae formally described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is native to tropical Africa, S + E + SE Asia, Australia, and various oceanic islands. The greatest diversity occurs in Southeast Asia.

<i>Canarium</i> Genus of trees

Canarium is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family Burseraceae. They grow naturally across tropical Africa, south and southeast Asia, Indochina, Malesia, Australia and western Pacific Islands; including from southern Nigeria east to Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka and India; from Burma, Malaysia and Thailand through the Malay Peninsula and Vietnam to south China, Taiwan and the Philippines; through Borneo, Indonesia, Timor and New Guinea, through to the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Palau.

<i>Corypha</i> Genus of palms

Corypha is a genus of palms, native to India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and northeastern Australia. They are fan palms, and the leaves have a long petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets.

<i>Livistona</i> Genus of palms

Livistona is a genus of palms, the botanical family Arecaceae, native to southeastern and eastern Asia, Australasia, and the Horn of Africa. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.

<i>Daemonorops</i> Historically recognized genus of palms

Daemonorops was a genus of rattan palms in the family Arecaceae. Its species are now included within the genus Calamus.

<i>Corypha umbraculifera</i> Species of palm

Corypha umbraculifera, the talipot palm, is a species of palm native to eastern and southern India and Sri Lanka. It is also grown in Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and the Andaman Islands. It is a flowering plant with the largest inflorescence in the world. It lives up to 60 years before bearing flowers and fruits. It dies shortly after.

<i>Dendrocnide</i> Genus of plants in the family Urticaceae

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<i>Daphniphyllum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Daphniphyllum is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Daphniphyllaceae and was described as a genus in 1826. The genus includes evergreen shrubs and trees mainly native to east and southeast Asia, but also found in the Indian Subcontinent and New Guinea.

<i>Arenga</i> Genus of palms

Arenga is a genus of palms, native to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern Australia. They are small to medium-sized palms, growing to 2–20 m tall, with pinnate leaves 2–12 m long. Arenga palms can grow in areas with little sunlight and relatively infertile soil.

<i>Livistona tahanensis</i> Species of palm

Livistona tahanensis is a species of medium-sized palm tree of the genus Livistona, found on only one mountain top in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In Malay the palm is known as Tahan serdang, or as daun tau.

<i>Livistona saribus</i> Species of palm

Livistona saribus, also known as taraw palm in English, is a species of palm tree found in tropical Southeast Asia.

<i>Vrydagzynea</i> Genus of orchids

Vrydagzynea, commonly called tonsil orchids, is a genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About forty five species of Vrydagzynea have been formally described. They are native to India, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. A single species in Australia is possibly extinct. They have thinly textured, stalked leaves and small, dull-coloured resupinate flowers with the dorsal sepal and petals overlapping to form a hood over the column.

<i>Thelasis</i> Genus of orchids

Thelasis, commonly known as fly orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are usually epiphytes, sometimes lithophytes or rarely terrestrials. Some species have pseudobulbs with up to three leaves, whilst others have several leaves in two ranks. A large number of small, white or greenish yellow flowers are borne on a thin, arching flowering stem. There are about thirty species, distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwest Pacific.

<i>Saribus</i> Genus of palms

Saribus is a genus of palms, native to Southeast Asia, Papuasia and Pacific Islands. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.

Madhuca burckiana is a plant in the family Sapotaceae.

<i>Saribus woodfordii</i> Species of palm

Saribus woodfordii is a species of fan palm which is native to an area from southeastern Papua New Guinea to the Solomon Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trachycarpeae</span> Tribe of palms

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Saribus chocolatinus is a species of palm tree in the genus Saribus, which is native to Papua New Guinea. It is a fan palm.

<i>Saribus brevifolius</i> Species of palm tree

Saribus brevifolius is a species of palm tree in the genus Saribus, which has only been found in the Kawe and Gag Islands in the archipelago of the Raja Ampat Islands, which lie off the north-west tip of the Bird's Head Peninsula in Indonesia's West Papua province. It was only discovered in 2002 during an expedition funded by The Nature Conservancy. The palm grows along the coasts of these two tropical islands on small ridges composed of ultrabasic rock. It is a moderately-sized fan palm with smallish and regularly segmented leaves and a smallish inflorescence in the crown. The inflorescence is not longer than the leaves, and split at its base into three main branches with one or more sub-inflorescences, these containing red flowers with pink anthers. The ends of S. brevifolius leaf segments are rigid and have a bifurcate cleft 1-4% of the segment length.

References

  1. 1 2 "Saribus rotundifolius". International Plant Names Index . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Saribus rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume - Arecaceae". Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (KeTSA). 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Saribus rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  4. 1 2 Marcial C. Amaro Jr., ed. (January–April 2010). "Anahaw" (PDF). Some Familiar Philippine Palms that Produce High Food Value and Tikog. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau of the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-22. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Saribus rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume, Rumphia 2: 49 (1838)". Palmweb. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Aarhus University. 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  6. 1 2 Johnson, Dennis V. (2010). "Tropical Palms - Asian region" (PDF). Non-wood forest products 10/Rev.1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . Retrieved 2007-01-19.
  7. 1 2 3 Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus resurrected". Palms. 55 (3): 109–116. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  8. ↑ "Corypha rotundifolia". International Plant Names Index . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Whitmore, T.C. (1979). Palms of Malaya. 2nd impression (2 ed.). Petaling Jaya: Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN   0 19 580368X.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Saribus rotundifolius - Roundleaf Fountain Palm". Flowers of India. 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  11. 1 2 3 Razal, Ramon; Palijon, Armando (2009). Non-Wood Forest Products of the Philippines. Calamba City, Laguna: El Guapo Printing Press. p. 27. ISBN   978-971-579-058-1.
  12. 1 2 3 Backer, C. A.; Bakhuizen van den Brink, R. C. (1968). Flora of Java. Vol. III. Groningen: N.V. P. Noordhoff under auspices of Rijksherbarium, Leyden. pp. 173, 174.
  13. ↑ Churi, P. (2010). Kunte, K.; Sondhi, S.; Roy, P. (eds.). "Larval host plants — Livistona rotundifolius". Butterflies of India, v. 2.97. Indian Foundation for Butterflies. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  14. ↑ Pangilinan, Jr., Leon (3 October 2014). "In Focus: 9 Facts You May Not Know About Philippine National Symbols". National Commission for Culture and the Arts . Retrieved 8 January 2019.


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