Pangasius

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Pangasius
Pangasiidae - Pangasius sanitwongsei.jpg
Pangasius sanitwongsei
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Pangasiidae
Genus: Pangasius
Valenciennes, 1840
Type species
Pangasius buchanani
Valenciennes, 1840
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • Pseudopangasius Bleeker, 1862
  • NeopangasiusPopta, 1904
  • SinopangasiusChang & Wu, 1965

Pangasius is a genus of medium-large to very large shark catfishes native to fresh water in South and Southeast Asia. The term "pangasius" is sometimes used to specifically refer to the commercially important basa fish, P. bocourti. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

In 1993, Pangasius was one of two extant genera (along with Helicophagus ) in the family Pangasiidae. At this point, it was split into four subgenera. Pangasius (Pangasianodon) included P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus and was diagnosed by the absence of mandibular barbels, the absence of teeth in adults and the presence of a single-lobed swimbladder. Pangasius (Pteropangasius) included P. micronema and P. pleurotaenia and was typified by four lobes in the swimbladder and with multiple segments in the last lobe. Pangasius (Neopangasius) included P. nieuwenhuisii, P. humeralis, P. lithostoma, P. kinabatanganensis, and typically had palatal teeth arranged in a single large patch and high vertebral counts. Pangasius (Pangasius) was the final subgenus and had no unique features, including the remaining species. [2] These subgeneric classifications were confirmed in 2000 except for Neopangasius, found to be polyphyletic and to be part of Pangasius (Pangasius), thus leaving three subgenera. [2]

Since then, the subgenera have been variably recognized as separate. P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus have been classified in the genus Pangasianodon , and P. micronemus and P. pleurotaenia in the genus Pseudolais (with Pteropangasius as a junior synonym). [3]

In 2011, Pangasius was sixth in the National Fisheries Institute’s "Top 10" list of the most consumed seafood in the United States. [4] The Top 10 is based on tonnage of fish sold. According to the NFI, this mild-flavored white-fleshed fish is farmed in Asia, and is being used increasingly in food service. It is finding its way onto restaurant menus and into stores, as well, where one may see it called basa, tra, or swai. They are either called Panga, Pangas or Pangasius. In Malaysia and Indonesia, Pangasius are called Ikan Patin, while Malaysian Chinese call Pangasius 巴丁鱼. Some species like Pangasius Nasutus, Pangasius Djambal and Pangasius Sanitwongsei are expensive food fish in Malaysia, Pangasius Sanitwongsei was also a common fish in aquarium trade and sport fishing.

Species

Pangasius larnaudii Pangasius larnaudii.jpg
Pangasius larnaudii

Currently, 22 recognized species are in this genus: [5]

Fossil record

The single known fossil species of this genus, P. indicus , is reported from the Paleogene period of Sipang, Sumatra, either from the Eocene or the Oligocene. [3]

Related Research Articles

Cobbler(s) may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iridescent shark</span> Species of fish

The iridescent shark, or iridescent shark catfish is a species of shark catfish native to the rivers of Southeast Asia. Despite its name, it is not a shark. It is found in the Mekong basin as well as the Chao Phraya River, and is heavily cultivated for food there.

<i>Clarias</i> Genus of fishes

Clarias is a genus of catfishes of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. The name is derived from the Greek chlaros, which means lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basa (fish)</span> Species of catfish

Basa is a species of catfish in the family Pangasiidae. Basa are native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins in Mainland Southeast Asia. These fish are important as a food source, and also on the international market. They are often labelled in North America and Australia as "basa fish", "swai", or "bocourti". In the UK all species of Pangasius may legally be described as "river cobbler", "cobbler", "basa", "pangasius", "panga", or any of these with the addition of "catfish". In the rest of Europe, these fish are commonly marketed as "pangasius" or "panga". In Asian markets, names for basa include "Pacific dory" and "patin". Other related shark catfish may occasionally be incorrectly labeled as basa fish, including P. hypophthalmus and P. pangasius.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shark catfish</span> Family of fishes

The shark catfishes form the family Pangasiidae. They are found in fresh and brackish waters across southern Asia, from Pakistan to Borneo. Among the 30-odd members of this family is the plant-eating, endangered Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas, one of the largest known freshwater fish. Several species are the basis of productive aquaculture industries in Vietnam's Mekong Delta.

<i>Pangasianodon</i> Genus of fishes

Pangasianodon is a genus of large to very large shark catfishes native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers in Southeast Asia and adjacent China.

<i>Leptobarbus</i> Genus of fishes

Leptobarbus is a genus of cyprinid fish that are native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia. They are important food fish. It is the only genus in the subfamily Leptobarbinae. Leptobarbus hoevenii or "sultan fish" migrate the fresh water rivers of Malaysia and travel at the surface in schools of 40-80 individuals at speeds of 0.48-1.08 km. Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from the muscles of selected cultured catfish, red tilapia, black tilapia, pangasius catfish, sultan fish and labyrinth fish, freshwater fishes that are widely consumed in Malaysia. The extracted yields for the tested species were higher for PSC as compared with ASC.

<i>Hypophthalmus</i> Genus of fishes

Hypophthalmus is a genus of long-whiskered catfishes native to freshwater in tropical and subtropical South America.

Parakysis is a genus of catfishes of the family Akysidae. It includes six species.

<i>Pangasius pangasius</i> Species of fish

Pangasius pangasius, the Pangas catfish, is a species of shark catfish native to fresh and brackish waters of Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan. It has also been introduced to Cambodia and Vietnam. This species grows to a standard length of 3 metres (9.8 ft). This species South Asia, the other being P. silasi from the Krishna River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giant pangasius</span> Species of freshwater fish

The giant pangasius, paroon shark, pangasid-catfish or Chao Phraya giant catfish is a species of freshwater fish in the shark catfish family (Pangasiidae) of order Siluriformes, found in the Chao Phraya and Mekong basins in Indochina. Its populations have declined drastically, mainly due to overfishing, and it is now considered Critically Endangered.

Ompok is a genus of fish in the family Siluridae found in lakes and large rivers throughout South and Southeast Asia.

Panga is the common South African name for Pterogymnus laniarius, a small, ocean-dwelling fish.

Pseudolais is a genus of shark catfishes native to Southeast Asia.

Pangasius kinabatanganensis is a species of shark catfish. It is a freshwater, benthopelagic and tropical fish, measuring up to 23.8 centimetres (9 in) long. It is found in the Kinabatangan basin, in northeastern Borneo which is in the state of Sabah, Malaysia.

Pangasius conchophilus is a species of shark catfish. It is a freshwater, benthopelagic, potamodromous and tropical fish, measuring up to 120 centimetres (3.9 ft) long. It is found in the Mekong, Bangpakong, and Chao Phraya basins.

Pangasius myanmar is a species of shark catfish. It is a freshwater, benthopelagic, tropical fish, measuring up to 120 centimetres (3.9 ft) long. It is found from Irrawaddy to Salween and in Rangoon.

<i>Pangasius indicus</i> Extinct species of fish

Pangasius indicus is an extinct species of catfish of the family Pangasiidae. This fish was a member of the "Sipang Fauna", a lagerstatte from Sipang, Sumatra, of indeterminate age, possibly either Eocene, Oligocene, or even Miocene in age.

Pangasius humeralis is a species of fish in the family Pangasiidae. It is endemic to the Kapuas River basin of Borneo.

References

  1. ↑ "Fish Labelling (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2006" (PDF). COT. 26 May 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  2. 1 2 Gustiano, R.; Teugels, G. G.; Pouyaud, L. (2003). "Revision of the Pangasius kunyit catfish complex, with description of two new species from South-East Asia (Siluriformes; Pangasiidae)". Journal of Natural History. 37 (3): 357–376. doi:10.1080/713834687.
  3. 1 2 Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa . 1418: 1–628. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1.
  4. ↑ "NFI Top Ten List, a Familiar School of Fish". AboutSeafood.com. National Fisheries Institute.
  5. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Pangasius in FishBase . February 2012 version.
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