Messier 88

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Messier 88
M88 2022 revision.jpg
Spiral Galaxy Messier 88
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Coma Berenices
Right ascension 12h 31m 59.2s [1]
Declination +14° 25′ 14″ [1]
Redshift 0.007609
Heliocentric radial velocity 2281
Galactocentric velocity2235
Apparent magnitude  (V)9.6 [2]
Characteristics
Type SA(rs)b, HII Sy2 [1]
Apparent size  (V)6.9 × 3.7 moa [1]
Other designations
NGC 4501, UGC 7675, PGC 41517, VCC 1401 [1]

Messier 88 (also known as M88 or NGC 4501) is a spiral galaxy about 50 to 60 million light-years away from Earth [3] [4] [5] in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1781.

Contents

Properties

Location of M88 M88map.png
Location of M88

M88 is one of the fifteen Messier objects that belong to the nearby Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It is galaxy number 1401 in the Virgo Cluster Catalogue (VCC) of 2096 galaxies that are candidate members of the cluster. [6] M88 appears to be on or ending a highly elliptical orbit, currently on an approximate or direct course toward the cluster center, which is occupied by the giant elliptical galaxy M87. It is currently 0.3 to 0.48 million parsecs from the center and will come closest to the core in about 200 to 300 million years. Its motion through the intergalactic medium of its cluster is creating, as expected, ram pressure that is stripping away the outer region of neutral hydrogen. To date, this has been detected along the western, leading edge of the galaxy. [7]

This galaxy is inclined to the line of sight by 64°. [8] It is classified as an Sbc spiral, a status between Sb (medium-wound) and Sc (loosely wound) spiral arms. The spiralling arms are very regular and can be followed down to the galactic core. [9] The maximum rotation velocity of the gas is 241.6 ± 4.5 km/s. [10]

M88 is classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy, which means it produces narrow spectral line emission from highly ionized gas in the nucleus. [11] In the core region there is a central condensation with a 230 parsec diameter, which has two concentration peaks. This condensation is being fed by inflow from the spiral arms. [12] The supermassive black hole at the core of this galaxy has 107.9 solar masses, or about 80 million solar masses (M☉). [13]

One supernova has been observed in M88: SN 1999cl (type Ia, mag. 16.4). [14] [15]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coma Berenices</span> Constellation in the northern hemisphere

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 58</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 84</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 99</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4030</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4388</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4388 is an active spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered April 17, 1784 by Wilhelm Herschel. This galaxy is located at a distance of 57 million light years and is receding with a radial velocity of 2,524km/s. It is one of the brightest galaxies of the Virgo Cluster due to its luminous nucleus. NGC 4388 is located 1.3° to the west of the cluster center, which translates to a projected distance of ≈400 kpc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4424</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4457</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4492</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4492 is a spiral galaxy located about 90 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4492 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 28, 1785. It was rediscovered by astronomer Arnold Schwassmann on January 23, 1900, and was listed as IC 3438. NGC 4492 lies in the direction of the Virgo Cluster. However, it is not considered to be a member of that cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4522</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4522 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 60 million light-years away within the Virgo Cluster in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4522 is losing its molecular gas though ram-pressure stripping as it plows though the cluster at a speed of more than 10 million kilometres per hour. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on January 18, 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6951</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 6951 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cepheus. It is located at a distance of about 75 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 6951 is about 100,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Jérôme Eugène Coggia in 1877 and independently by Lewis Swift in 1878.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4305</span> Dwarf spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4324</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Results for NGC 4501". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. California Institute of Technology . Retrieved 14 November 2006.
  2. ↑ "Messier 88". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  3. ↑ "Object Information". 20 September 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  4. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (30 January 2010). "Messier 88". Astronomy Picture of the Day . NASA . Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  5. ↑ "M88". 29 June 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  6. ↑ Binggeli, B.; Sandage, A.; Tammann, G. A. (1985). "Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II – A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area". Astronomical Journal . 90: 1681–1759. Bibcode:1985AJ.....90.1681B. doi:10.1086/113874.
  7. ↑ Vollmer, B.; et al. (2008). "Pre-peak ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster spiral galaxy NGC 4501". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 483 (1): 89–106. arXiv: 0801.4874 . Bibcode:2008A&A...483...89V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078139. S2CID   15005390.
  8. ↑ Tully, R. B.; Fisher, J. R. (1977). "A new method of determining distances to galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 54 (3): 661–673. Bibcode:1977A&A....54..661T.
  9. ↑ Möllenhoff, C.; Heidt, J. (2001). "Surface photometry of spiral galaxies in NIR: Structural parameters of disks and bulges". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 368 (1): 16–37. Bibcode:2001A&A...368...16M. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20000335 .
  10. ↑ "Database for physics of galaxies". HyperLeda. Université de Lyon . Retrieved 16 September 2009.
  11. ↑ Sparke, L. S.; Gallagher, J. S. III (2007). Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-67186-6.
  12. ↑ Onodera, S.; Sofue, Y.; Koda, J.; Nakanishi, H.; Kohno, K. (2002). "CO (J=1-0) Observations of the Non-Barred Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 4501". In Ikeuchi, S.; Hearnshaw, J.; Hanawa, T. (eds.). Proceedings of the IAU 8th Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting. p. 199. Bibcode:2002aprm.conf..199O.
  13. ↑ Merloni, Andrea; Heinz, Sebastian; di Matteo, Tiziana (2003). "A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 345 (4): 1057–1076. arXiv: astro-ph/0305261 . Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1057M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x. S2CID   14310323.
  14. ↑ Transient Name Server entry for SN 199cl. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  15. ↑ James, N. D. (1999). "Supernova 1999cl in NGC 4501 (M88)". Journal of the British Astronomical Association . 109 (4): 178. Bibcode:1999JBAA..109..178J.
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