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The Prix de Rome or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
The Commission des Sciences et des Arts was a French scientific and artistic institute. Established on 16 March 1798, it consisted of 167 members, of which all but 16 joined Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt and produced the Description de l'Égypte. More than half were engineers and technicians, including 21 mathematicians, 3 astronomers, 17 civil engineers, 13 naturalists and mining engineers, geographers, 3 gunpowder engineers, 4 architects, 8 artists, 10 mechanical artists, 1 sculptor, 15 interpreters, 10 men of letters, 22 printers in Latin, Greek and Arabic characters. Bonaparte organised his scientific 'corps' like an army, dividing its members into 5 categories and assigning to each member a military rank and a defined military role beyond his scientific function.
The following is a chronological list of classical music composers who lived in, worked in, or were citizens of France.
The Lalande Prize was an award for scientific advances in astronomy, given from 1802 until 1970 by the French Academy of Sciences.
Philippe Courbois was a French Baroque composer. It is commonly stated that he was maître de musique of the Duchess of Maine, but Michele Cabrini convincingly refutes this claim in his edition of Courbois's cantatas. At least three of his masses were performed for the King of France at Versailles. Sometime before 1710, Courbois published a book of seven cantatas with texts by Louis Fuzelier, who would later write the libretto of Les Indes Galantes. It is these cantatas for which he is most famous today
The Holy September Martyrs, also referred to as the Blessed Martyrs of Carmes, is the term sometimes used for 191 Catholics killed at the Carmes Prison in Paris in the September Massacres of 1792 during the French Revolution.
