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Denis Pushilin | |
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Денис Пушилин | |
Head of the Donetsk People's Republic | |
Assumed office 20 November 2018 [lower-alpha 1] | |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by |
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Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic | |
Acting 7 September 2018 –18 October 2018 | |
Preceded by | Dmitry Trapeznikov (acting) |
Succeeded by | Alexander Ananchenko |
Chairman of the Donetsk People's Council | |
In office 4 September 2015 –14 September 2018 | |
Preceded by | Andrei Purgin |
Succeeded by | Olga Makeeva |
In office 15 May 2014 –18 July 2014 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Vladimir Makovych (acting) |
Personal details | |
Born | Makiivka,Ukrainian SSR,Soviet Union | 9 May 1981
Political party | United Russia (2021–present) |
Other political affiliations | Donetsk Republic (2014–present) |
Spouse | Elena Pushilina |
Children | 2 |
Signature | |
Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin [lower-alpha 2] (born 9 May 1981 [1] ) is a Russian politician who has served as the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) since 2018.[ citation needed ] He has held the position in an acting capacity ever since the Russian annexation of the DPR in 2022.
He had previously served as Chairman of the People's Council,and became the acting head of state and government following the assassination of incumbent Alexander Zakharchenko amidst the conflict in the east Ukraine region. [2] He successfully ran for election to a full term in the controversial 2018 elections. [3] Pushilin's role in MMM Global prior to his political career is cited by critics that describe him as a fraudster who was involved in a Ponzi scheme. [4]
Pushilin was born on 9 May 1981 in Makiivka,Donetsk Oblast,in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. [5] Pushilin is the son of workers of the Makiivka Metallurgical Factory,Vladimir Pushilin and Valentina Khasanova. [6] He graduated in 1998 from Makiivka Lyceum No. 1,a school combining secondary and professional education. From 1999 to 2000,he served in the National Guard of Ukraine in a special assignment battalion in Crimea. [6] After leaving the military,he studied Enterprise Economics at Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture,but did not receive a degree. [7] From 2002 to 2006,Pushilin worked for a trading firm,Solodkye Zhittya ("Sweet Life”). [6]
From 1989 to 1994,a Russian Ponzi scheme called MMM cost its participants millions of dollars prior to disbanding. [8] [9] [6] In 2011,Sergei Mavrodi launched a new MMM. Pushilin volunteered for this successor company from 2011 to 2013 and became a key leader. [10] The new MMM openly admitted to being a pyramid scheme. [11] Pushilin was not shy in promoting involvement with the company. [12]
The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine allowed registration of the MMM Party under the chairmanship of Mavrodi. It is interpreted as an abbreviation for "We Have a Goal" (Ukrainian :МиМаємоМету). Pushilin joined this new party in 2012. [10] Opposing Yanukovych [13] and unknown in the Kyiv region,Pushilin got 0.08% of the votes and failed to win a seat in the December 2013 repeat elections of the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election in the 94th district (located in Obukhiv). [14] [15] According to his December 2013 election information,Pushilin was "not working" at the time. [1] [7]
On 5 April 2014,Pushilin led a rally in Donetsk,identifying himself as deputy to Pavel Gubarev,the "People's Governor" of Donetsk. Pushilin demanded a referendum,like that of Crimea,on the question of independence from the new Ukrainian government in Kyiv. [16]
By the end of April,the European Union (EU) had placed sanctions on Pushilin,which included freezing assets and banning him from entering EU member states. In June,the United States added Pushilin to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List. His name has since been added to sanction lists of Australia,Canada,Norway,Liechtenstein and Switzerland. [17] [18] [19] [20] He was also sanctioned by the UK government. [21]
On 19 May 2014,Pushilin became the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Donetsk People's Republic,and under the draft constitution adopted on May 15,the new republic's head of state. [22] [23] In June 2014,he announced that DPR businesses which engaged in tax evasion would be nationalized. [24] Pushilin did not envision the Donetsk People's Republic becoming an independent state but preferred to join the Russian Federation (which he saw as a potential renewed Russian Empire). [13]
Pushilin survived two assassination attempts,both occurring within a week of the 7th [25] and 12th [26] of June 2014. Pushilin was in Moscow on those dates,as was widely reported at the time. [27]
Pushilin resigned from his post of the Chairman of the Donetsk People's Republic in July 2014. [28] From 14 November 2014 to 4 September 2015,he served as a vice-chairman of the Donetsk People's Republic Council;then he replaced Andrei Purgin and became the Chairman of the council once again. [29]
From 2014 to 2018,Pushilin officially represented the DPR at the Trilateral Contact Group and the Minsk II agreements. The Minsk II agreements subsequently failed,with each side accusing the other of violating the ceasefire terms. [30]
On 31 August 2018,DPR leader Alexander Zakharchenko was assassinated in a bombing of a restaurant in Donetsk. [2] After a week-long interim leadership by Dmitry Trapeznikov,Pushilin was appointed acting Head of the DPR on 7 September 2018;he was to hold this position until elections on 11 November 2018. [3] He claimed to have won those elections with 60.85% of the vote. [31] On 6 December 2021 Pushilin became a member of the Russian ruling party United Russia. [32] United Russia chairman Dmitry Medvedev personally handed him his party ticket during the party's annual congress in Moscow. [32]
On 21 February 2022,Pushilin signed an agreement for friendship,cooperation,and mutual assistance between the Donetsk People's Republic and the Russian Federation. At this ceremony were also signed an agreement between the LPR and Russia,and executive orders by President Putin to officially recognize the independence of the DPR and LPR. [33]
In April 2022,news outlets noted that during Pushilin's visit to Mariupol,he awarded Senior Lieutenant Roman Vorobyov a medal,while he was wearing patches affiliated with neo-Nazism:the Totenkopf used by the 3rd SS Panzer Division,and the valknut . [34]
In September 2022,Pushilin suggested coordinating a joint referendum with Luhansk People's Republic leader Leonid Pasechnik on the question of joining the Russian Federation. [35] The referendum,also organised in the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia provinces,received widespread international condemnation,and passed in Donetsk with over 99% approval,according to official figures. [36] Pushilin said in an interview with TASS that he would be heading to Moscow with the final protocol of a recent referendum on joining Russia "to formalize reunification." On September 30,Pushilin attended in Moscow the ceremony in which Vladimir Putin formally announced the annexation of the Donetsk,Kherson,Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts,together with the other pro-Russian occupation heads Vladimir Saldo,Leonid Pasechnik and Yevgeny Balitsky. [37]
Pavel Yuryevich Gubarev is a Ukrainian-born Russian public figure,primarily known for his pro-Russian activities in Donbas in 2014. He is married to Ekaterina Gubareva.
The Donetsk People's Republic is a republic of Russia,comprising the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast,with its capital in Donetsk. The DPR was created by Russian-backed paramilitaries in 2014,and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed in 2022. The entire territory of DPR is viewed as sovereign territory of Ukraine by nearly all UN member states.
Russian separatist forces in Ukraine,primarily the People's Militias of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR),were pro-Russian paramilitaries in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. They were under the overall control of the Russian Federation. They were also referred to as Russian proxy forces. They were active during the war in Donbas (2014–2022),the first stage of the Russo-Ukrainian War. They then supported the Russian Armed Forces against the Ukrainian Armed Forces during the 2022 Russian invasion. In September 2022,Russia annexed the DPR and LPR,and began integrating the paramilitaries into its armed forces. They are designated as terrorist groups by the government of Ukraine.
Ekaterina Yuryevna Gubareva is a Ukrainian-born,pro-Russian activist and political figure.
Referendums on the status of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts,parts of Ukraine that together make up the Donbas region,were claimed to have taken place on 11 May 2014 in many towns under the control of the Russian-controlled Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics. These referendums intended to legitimise the establishment of the so-called "republics",in the context of the Russian invasion of Crimea and rising pro-Russian unrest in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution. In addition,a counter-referendum on accession to Dnipropetrovsk Oblast was held in some Ukrainian-controlled parts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts.
The Luhansk or Lugansk People's Republic is a republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast,with its capital in Luhansk. The LPR was proclaimed by Russian-backed paramilitaries in 2014,and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022. The entire territory of LPR is viewed as sovereign territory of Ukraine by nearly all UN member states.
The New Russia Party,or Novorossiya Party,is a political party operating in Ukraine,and in particular regions of Ukraine annexed by Russia. The organization was founded by pro-Russian separatists,under the leadership of Pavel Gubarev,on 14 May 2014. The party is formally known as the Social-Political Movement "New Russia Party". It is not registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
Novorossiya or New Russia,also referred to as the Union of People's Republics,was a project for a confederation between the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) in Eastern Ukraine,both of which were under the control of pro-Russian separatists.
Alexander Vladimirovich Zakharchenko was a Ukrainian separatist leader who was the head of state and Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic,a self-proclaimed state and Russian-backed rebel group which declared independence from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. Zakharchenko was appointed prime minister in August 2014 after his predecessor Alexander Borodai resigned,and went on to win the early November 2014 election for the position.
The 2014 Donbas general elections were held on 2 November 2014 by the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics,which were at that time both members of the now defunct Novorossiya confederation.
The People's Council,formerly the Supreme Council,is the regional parliament of the Donetsk People's Republic,a disputed entity annexed as a federal subject by Russia from Ukraine in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Andrei Yevgenyevich Purgin is a Ukrainian pro-Russian activist,cofounder of the Donetsk Republic organization along with Aleksandr Tsurkan and Oleg Frolov. Until 4 September 2015 he was the Chairman of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic.
Eduard Aleksandrovich Basurin is the Deputy Defense Minister and Defense Spokesman of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) militia command,which the Ukrainian government has designed a terrorist organization.
Separate Guards Assault Battalion "Somalia" named after M. S. Tolstykh,often known as Somalia Battalion,is a military unit of Russian Ground Forces. Until January 1,2023 it was part of so called self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). In September 2022,with a decree of Vladimir Putin,Russia unilaterally annexed occupied areas of Ukraine,and after that,military units of DPR and LPR were officially incorporated in Russian Armed Forces.
Donetsk People's Republic–South Ossetia relations are the bilateral relations between the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and South Ossetia. The DPR is a disputed republic of Russia whereas South Ossetia is a partially recognized state. From April 2014 to September 2022,the DPR portrayed itself as an independent state,but this is no longer the case after Russia's annexation of the DPR on 30 September 2022.
Leonid Ivanovich Pasechnik is a Ukrainian-born politician who has served as Head of the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) since 2017. He holds the position in acting capacity ever since the illegal and unrecognized Russian annexation of Donetsk,Kherson,Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts in 2022. Pasechnik had previously held office as the LPR's Minister of State Security from 2014 to 2018.
Vladimir Igorevich Pashkov was Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Donetsk People's Republic which is recognised only by Russia and two other partially-recognised states,having been in office since 19 April 2018 until 1 November 2021 For a short time,Vladimir Pashkov was also Acting Prime Minister of the Government of the Donetsk People's Republic.
Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations were bilateral relations between Russia and the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR). The DPR is widely internationally unrecognized,with most of the international community regarding the DPR as a Russian military occupation of a portion of Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast. The DPR was annexed by Russia on 30 September 2022;the DPR authorities willingly acceded to Russia,and the annexation is widely internationally unrecognized. From April 2014 to September 2022,the DPR portrayed itself as an independent state,and it was widely regarded as a puppet state of Russia by the international community.
The 2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic refers to mass evacuation of the residents of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) to the Russian Federation starting in February 2022.
Vitaliy Pavlovich Khotsenko is a Ukrainian-born Russian politician,who serves as Governor of Omsk Oblast since September,2023. He had previously held several statewide positions in Stavropol Krai,Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Donetsk People's Republic.