Anhui

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Anhui
安徽
Province
Province of Anhui
Name transcription(s)
 • Chinese安徽省 (Ānhuī shěng)
 • AbbreviationAH / 皖 (Wǎn)
 •  Lower Yangtze Mandarin Ang1 huei1 Sen3
Ella me pregunto- ?te gusta%3F; le conteste- De aqui soy. (15734147422).jpg
Yixian Hongcun 2016.09.09 18-17-26.jpg
South Erhuan Rd.jpg
(clockwise from top)
  • Panoramic view of the Huangshan landscape
  • Hongcun
  • Hefei skyline
Anhui in China (+all claims hatched).svg
Map showing the location of Anhui within China
Coordinates: 31°50′N117°0′E / 31.833°N 117.000°E / 31.833; 117.000
Country China
Named for Anqing and Huizhou
Capital (and largest city) Hefei
Divisions16 prefectures, 105 counties, 1845 townships
Government
 • Type Province
 • Body Anhui Provincial People's Congress
 •  CCP Secretary Liang Yanshun
 •  Congress Chairperson Han Jun
 •  Governor Wang Qingxian
 • Provincial CPPCC Chairperson Tang Liangzhi
 •  National People's Congress Representation111 deputies
Area
[1]
 • Total140,200 km2 (54,100 sq mi)
 • Rank 22nd
Highest elevation
(Lianhua Peak)
1,873 m (6,145 ft)
Population
 (2020) [2]
 • Total61,027,171
 • Rank 9th
 • Density440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
  • Rank 9th
Demographics
 • Ethnic composition
 • Languages and dialects Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Central Plains Mandarin, Gan, Wu, Huizhou
GDP (2023) [3]
 • Total CN¥ 4,705 billion (11th)
US$ 668 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 76,830 (13th)
US$ 10,903
ISO 3166 code CN-AH
HDI (2022)0.767 [4] (20th) – high
Website www.ah.gov.cn OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg (in Chinese)

Ecology

The Anhui elm, UlmusgausseniiW. C. Cheng, is a medium size deciduous tree whose natural range is restricted to the valleys of the Langya limestone mountains of Chu Xian. [10] The tree was most commonly found on the flood plains, indicating a tolerance of periodic inundation. U. gaussenii is now the world's rarest and most endangered elm species, with only approximately 30 trees known to survive in the wild in 2009. [11]

The province is also home to the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis, simplified Chinese :扬子鳄; traditional Chinese : 揚子 鱷 ; pinyin :yángzǐ'è), also known as the Yangtze alligator, [12] China alligator, [13] or historically the muddy dragon, [14] a critically endangered crocodilian.

Administrative divisions

Anhui is divided into sixteen prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities:

Anhui
Anhui (Chinese characters).svg
"Anhui" in Chinese characters
Administrative divisions of Anhui
Division code [15] DivisionArea in km2 [16] Population 2020 [17] SeatDivisions [18]
Districts Counties CL cities
340000Anhui Province139,600.0061,027,171 Hefei city45509
340100 Hefei city11,445.069,369,881 Shushan District 441
340200 Wuhu city6,004.973,644,420 Jiujiang District 511
340300 Bengbu city5,950.723,296,408 Bengshan District 43
340400 Huainan city5,532.303,033,528 Tianjia'an District 52
340500 Ma'anshan city4,049.132,159,930 Yushan District 33
340600 Huaibei city2,740.911,970,265 Xiangshan District 31
340700 Tongling city2,937.831,311,726 Tongguan District 31
340800 Anqing city13,525.034,165,284 Yingjiang District 352
341000 Huangshan city9,678.391,330,565 Tunxi District 34
341100 Chuzhou city13,515.993,987,054 Langya District 242
341200 Fuyang city10,118.178,200,264 Yingzhou District 341
341300 Suzhou city9,938.775,324,476 Yongqiao District 14
341500 Lu'an city15,450.824,393,699 Jin'an District 34
341600 Bozhou city8,521.234,996,844 Qiaocheng District 13
341700 Chizhou city8,364.811,342,764 Guichi District 13
341800 Xuancheng city12,312.552,500,063 Xuanzhou District 142

These 16 prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 104 county-level divisions (45 districts, 9 county-level cities, and 50 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1,512 township-level divisions (997 towns, 230 townships, 9 ethnic townships, and 276 subdistricts).

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
#CityUrban area [19] District area [19] City proper [19] Census date
1 Hefei [lower-alpha 2] 3,098,7273,310,2687,457,0272010-11-01
2 Huainan [lower-alpha 3] 1,238,4881,666,8263,342,0122010-11-01
3 Wuhu [lower-alpha 2] 1,108,0872,487,1112,263,1232010-11-01
4 Huaibei 854,6961,113,3212,114,2762010-11-01
5 Bengbu 793,866972,7843,164,4672010-11-01
6 Fuyang 780,5221,768,9477,599,9132010-11-01
7 Suzhou 742,6851,647,6425,352,9242010-11-01
8 Lu'an [lower-alpha 4] [lower-alpha 3] 661,2171,644,3444,603,5852010-11-01
(8)Lu'an (new district) [lower-alpha 4] 134,239134,239see Lu'an2010-11-01
9 Ma'anshan [lower-alpha 5] [lower-alpha 2] 657,847741,5312,304,7742010-11-01
(9)Ma'anshan (new district) [lower-alpha 5] 169,888169,888see Ma'anshan2010-11-01
10 Anqing [lower-alpha 6] 570,538780,5144,472,6672010-11-01
11 Bozhou 474,3181,409,4364,850,6572010-11-01
12 Tongling [lower-alpha 6] 438,981474,3631,562,6702010-11-01
(13) Chaohu [lower-alpha 2] 404,789780,711see Hefei2010-11-01
14 Chuzhou 392,461562,3213,937,8682010-11-01
15 Tianchang 324,625602,840see Chuzhou2010-11-01
16 Xuancheng 315,058772,4902,532,9382010-11-01
17 Chizhou 289,122595,2681,402,5182010-11-01
18 Huangshan 287,576460,7861,358,9802010-11-01
19 Tongcheng 269,346664,455see Anqing2010-11-01
20 Ningguo 231,090376,857see Xuancheng 2010-11-01
21 Jieshou 214,776561,956see Fuyang2010-11-01
22 Mingguang 204,323532,732see Chuzhou2010-11-01
(23) Qianshan [lower-alpha 7] 165,779500,292see Anqing2010-11-01
  1. ↑ UK: /ænˈhweɪ/ , [5] US: /ɑːnˈhweɪ/ ; [6] 安徽 ⓘ ; formerly romanized as Anhwei
  2. 1 2 3 4 Chaohu PLC is currently no longer exist after census it was split among Hefei (Juchao & Lujiang), Wuhu (Wuwei), & Ma'anshan (Hexian & Hanshan); Juchao District is currently known as Chaohu CLC. Chaohu PLC city proper count is reflected among the three PLCs.
  3. 1 2 Shouxian County was transferred from Lu'an PLC to Huainan PLC's jurisdiction after census; the City proper count is reflected onto Huainan PLC not Lu'an PLC.
  4. 1 2 New district established after census: Yeji by splitting from parts of Huoqiu County. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  5. 1 2 New district established after census: Bowang by splitting from parts of Dangtu County. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  6. 1 2 Zongyang County was transferred from Anqing PLC to Tongling PLC's jurisdiction after census; the City proper count is reflected onto Tongling PLC not Anqing PLC.
  7. ↑ Qianshan County is currently known as Qianshan CLC after census.
 
 
Most populous cities in Anhui
Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population [20]
RankPop.RankPop.
South Erhuan Rd.jpg
Hefei
Wuhu Skyline, December 2019.jpg
Wuhu 		1 Hefei 4,292,40011 Tongling 535,300 An Hui Sheng Huai Nan Shi Yan Chang Bei Lu Jing Se -Ti Yu Chang - panoramio (2).jpg
Huainan
Bang Bu Shi Mo Da Yan Chang -Nan Xiang Cheng Shi Yan Chang .jpg
Bengbu
2 Wuhu 1,536,70012 Chuzhou 507,600
3 Huainan 1,178,20013 Huangshan 406,100
4 Bengbu 961,10014 Bozhou 365,000
5 Fuyang 907,40015 Xuancheng 357,700
6 Huaibei 762,50016 Chaohu 357,000
7 Ma'anshan 752,50017 Chizhou 310,100
8 Anqing 631,50018 Tianchang 196,600
9 Lu'an 607,50019 Jieshou 188,600
10 Suzhou 578,60020 Mingguang 186,000

Government

The Politics of Anhui Province is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Anhui (安徽省省长) is the highest-ranking official in the Anhui Provincial People's Government. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Anhui Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary (安徽省委书记), colloquially termed the "Anhui Party Chief".

Most provincial government departments and the Governor office are located at No.1 Zhongshan Road, moved from old downtown of Hefei since 2016. Provincial government is responsible to manage 16 prefecture-level cities, 105 counties, 1845 townships and different departments in Anhui. The Anhui Provincial People's Congress is just located near provincial government. The Provincial Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is located at No.317, Suzhou Road. The Provincial Higher People's Court is located at no. 472 Changjiang Rd.

Typically, annual provincial congress meeting is held in the first quarter of each year shortly before national congress meeting and the annual meeting of CPPCC is held in the first quarter or the fourth quarter of each year.

Economy

Agriculture in Anhui varies according to the climate zones. To the north of the Huai River, wheat and sweet potatoes are grown, while to the south it is rice and wheat instead. As of 2022, Anhui's nominal GDP was US$670 billion (CN¥ 4.51 trilion), about 3.72% of the country's GDP and ranked 10th among province-level administrative units; the province's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥351.37 billion (US$52.24 billion), CN¥1.8588 trillion (US$276.36 billion) and CN¥2.29433 trillion (US$341.1 billion) respectively. Its nominal GDP per capita was US$10,943 (CN¥73,603) and ranked the 14th in the country. [3]

Natural resources of Anhui include iron in Ma'anshan, coal in Huainan, and copper in Tongling. There are industries related to these natural resources (e.g. steel industry at Ma'anshan). One of the famous Anhui-based corporations is the automobile company Chery, which is based in Wuhu.

Farmlands of Anhui Chuzhao Dingyuan Lianpuxiang - Nongke Hanlin Zhu IMG 9222.jpg
Farmlands of Anhui

Compared to its more prosperous neighbours to the east, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, Anhui has lagged markedly behind in economic development, with a GDP per capita around half of those two provinces in 2017 rapidly improved from 1/3 of those two provinces in 2010. However, the provincial GDP per capita is based on the population registered in the province (that is, with local Hukou), but not necessarily residing there. There is significant regional disparity, where much of the wealth is concentrated in industrial regions close to the Yangtze River, such as Hefei, Wuhu, and Ma'anshan. The province is home to a large cluster of white goods manufacture such as Haier, Hisense, Whirlpool, Gree, Royalstar, and Meling.

Major economic and technological development zones

Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone

Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone is located in the southwest of Hefei and was established in 1993. It is located close to Hefei Luogang International Airport. [21]

Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was founded in October 1990 and approved by the State Council as a state-level Development Zone in March 1991. In 1997, the Development Zone was ratified as an APEC Science and Technology Industrial Park, with special open policies to APEC and EU members. Hefei High Tech Park was also approved as a National High Tech Export Base in 2000 and obtained the award of an Advanced High Tech Zone under the Torch Program in 2003. So far, more than 100 hi-tech enterprises have entered the zone. Industries encouraged in the zone include chemical production and processing, electronics assembly & manufacturing, instruments & industrial equipment, medical Equipment and telecommunications. [22]

Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone

Established in 1993, Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone was the first state-level development zone approved by central government in Anhui, utilising the transportation advantage of the Yangtse Delta at Wuhu. [23]

Wuhu Export Processing Zone

Wuhu Export Processing Zone was approved to be a national level export processing zone, with a total planned area of 2.95 km2 (1.14 sq mi). [24]

Transportation

A high-speed train in Hefei railway station 201705 CRH380B-3606 at Hefei Station.jpg
A high-speed train in Hefei railway station
Hefei South Railway Station Hefei South Railway Station.jpg
Hefei South Railway Station
a metro entrance in Hefei 201705 Exit A of Hefei Railway Station Metro.jpg
a metro entrance in Hefei

Historically, Anhui's transport network was hampered by the lack of bridges across the Yangtze River, which divides the province into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the Yangtze in Anhui, the Tongling Yangtze River Bridge, was completed in 1995. As of October 2014, Anhui had four bridges across the Yangtze, at Ma'anshan, Wuhu, Tongling, and Anqing.

Rail

Anhui lacked a developed railway network until this century: most cities are now connected by a high-speed train system. Hefei South railway station is the high-speed train hub.

Highway system

The province set an ambitious plan from 2015 to 2025 for highways including:

G3 Beijing-Taipei Expressway

G40 Shanghai-Xi'an Expressway

G42 Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway

S24 Changshu-Hefei Expressway

Subway

Hefei and Wuhu have subway systems. The Hefei Metro has 2 completed lines, 3 lines under construction and another 10 lines planned. The Wuhu Metro has 2 subway lines under construction and another 3 lines planned.

Aviation

The province has 5 major commercial airports and another 4 are under construction. Hefei Xinqiao International Airport and Huangshan International Airport are the 2 international airports. The 5 airports in operation are:

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912 [25] 16,229,000—    
1928 [26] 21,715,000+33.8%
1936–37 [27] 23,354,000+7.5%
1947 [28] 22,462,000−3.8%
1954 [29] 30,343,637+35.1%
1964 [30] 31,241,657+3.0%
1982 [31] 49,665,724+59.0%
1990 [32] 56,180,813+13.1%
2000 [33] 58,999,948+5.0%
2010 [34] 59,500,510+0.8%
2020 [2] 61,027,171+2.6%

Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population. The Hui and She are the two largest minorities.

Anhui has a highly unbalanced gender ratio. According to a 2009 study published in the British Medical Journal , in the 1–4 age group, there are 138 boys for every 100 girls, making it among the most unbalanced of provinces in China. [35]

Religion

Religion in Anhui [36] [note 1]

   Islam (0.58%)
   Chinese ancestral religion (4.64%)
   Christianity (5.30%)
  Other religions or not religious people [note 2] (89.48%)

The predominant religions in Anhui are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 4.64% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration, while 5.30% of the population identifies as Christian. [36] According to a 2010 survey, Muslims constitute 0.58% of the population of Anhui. [37]

The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 89.48% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and folk religious sects.

Thousand Armed Avalokitesvara - Guanyin Nunnery - 3.jpeg
Avalokitesvara of One Thousand Arms at the Guanyin Nunnery.
Langyasi.jpg
Langya Buddhist Temple in Chuzhou, Anhui
The Qingyun Street Mosque in Fuyang ,China.jpg
The Qingyun Street Mosque in Fuyang, Anhui
Buddhist temple courtyard in Qingyang, Chizhou, Anhui, China.jpg
Courtyard of a Buddhist temple in Qingyang County, Anhui
Xiyan Temple Qi Yan Si .jpg
Xiyan Temple

Culture

Anhui spans many geographical and cultural regions. The northern, flatter parts of the province, along the Huai River and further north, are most akin to neighboring provinces like Henan, Shandong and northern Jiangsu. In contrast, the southern, hilly parts of the province are more similar in culture and dialect to other southern, hilly provinces, like Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

Mandarin dialects are spoken over the northern and central parts of the province, north of the Yangtze river. Dialects to the north (e.g. Bengbu dialect) are classified as Zhongyuan Mandarin, together with dialects in provinces such as Henan and Shandong; dialects in the central parts (e.g. Hefei dialect) are classified as Jianghuai Mandarin, together with dialects in the central parts of neighboring Jiangsu province. Non-Mandarin dialects are spoken to the south of the Yangzi: dialects of Wu are spoken in Xuancheng prefecture-level city, though these are rapidly being replaced by Jianghuai Mandarin; dialects of Gan are spoken in a few counties in the southwest bordering Jiangxi province; [38] and the Huizhou dialects are spoken in about ten counties in the far south, a small but highly diverse and unique group of Chinese dialects.

Huangmeixi, which originated in the environs of Anqing in southwestern Anhui, is a form of traditional Chinese opera popular across China. Huiju, a form of traditional opera originating in the Huizhou-speaking areas of southern Anhui, is one of the major precursors of Beijing Opera; in the 1950s, Huiju (which had disappeared) was revived. Luju is a type of traditional opera found across central Anhui, from east to west.

Anhui cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine. Combining elements of cooking from northern Anhui, south-central Anhui, and the Huizhou-speaking areas of southern Anhui, Anhui cuisine is known for its use of wild game and herbs, both land and sea, and comparatively simple methods of preparation.

Anhui has a high concentration of traditional products related to calligraphy: Xuanzhou (today Xuancheng) and Huizhou (today Huangshan City) are revered for producing Xuan Paper and Hui Ink, respectively, which are traditionally considered the best types of paper and ink for Chinese calligraphy. She County is famous for the She Inkstone, one of the most preferred types of inkstones (a required tool in traditional calligraphy). [ citation needed ]

Education

University of Science and Technology of China Zhong Guo Ke Da Tu Shu Guan .JPG
University of Science and Technology of China
Main Campus of Hefei University of Technology Main Teaching Building of HFUT.jpg
Main Campus of Hefei University of Technology
East Campus of University of Science and Technology of China USTC.jpg
East Campus of University of Science and Technology of China

Anhui has some good universities. Most universities in Anhui are located in Hefei, Wuhu, Bengbu, Maanshan, some of them are pretty well known. Specifically, Hefei is one of the most important research central cities in China with leading basic scientific research capability.

Public universities

Military universities

Tourism

Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun. Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun-114145.jpg
Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun.

Anhui's principal tourism sites include the following:

Development

In 2008, France helped the Anhui Provincial Tourism Bureau develop a rural tourism demonstration project. [40]

Notable people

See also

Notes

    1. ↑ The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015) [36] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang. The number of Muslims is taken from a survey reported in the year 2010. [37]
    2. ↑ This may include:

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    Yi'an District, formerly Tongling County, is a district of the city of Tongling, in the south of Anhui province, lying on the southern and eastern (right) bank of the Yangtze River. The total area is 1,113 km2 (430 sq mi). The population is 716,300.

    Nanjing−Wuhu railway or Ningwu railway, is a single-track railroad in eastern China between Nanjing in Jiangsu Province and Wuhu in Anhui Province. The line is 102 km (63 mi) long and was built between 1933 and 1935. Major towns along route include Nanjing, Ma'anshan, and Wuhu.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanjing–Tongling railway</span> Railway line in China

    Nanjing–Tongling railway or Ningtong railway, is a single-track railroad in eastern China between Nanjing in Jiangsu Province and Tongling in Anhui Province. The line is 208 km (129 mi) long. Major towns along route include Nanjing, Maanshan, Wuhu and Tongling. With the opening of the parallel Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway in 2015, the line is mostly used for freight traffic.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway</span> Road in western China

    The Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway, designated as G50 and commonly referred to as the Huyu Expressway is an east-west bound expressway that connects the cities of Shanghai, China in Yangtze River Delta, and Chongqing in western China. The expressway runs through six provinces/municipalities and adjoin major cities such as Wuhu, Anqing, Wuhan and Yichang, roughly parallel to G42 Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway to its south. The thoroughfare begins at Huqingping Outer Ring Interchange near Hongqiao International Airport, where it meets S20 Outer Ring Expressway in Shanghai, and terminates at an interchange in Jiangbei District, where the highway joins G75 Lanzhou-Haikou Expressway. It is fully complete and spans 1,900 km (1,200 mi) in length.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway</span> Railway line in China

    The Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway is a high-speed rail, passenger-dedicated line between cities of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Anqing, Anhui Province, in China. Construction of the 258-kilometre (160 mi) railway began in January 2010, and the line was opened on 6 December 2015.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Wannan</span> Place in Anhui, China

    Wannan is a name given to the southern part of Anhui province, China. 'Wan' is an alternative designation for Anhui. The region includes Ma'anshan, Wuhu, Tongling, Xuancheng, Huangshan and Chizhou. The region corresponds to the part of Anhui south of the Yangtze. Wannan has a distinctive culture from the rest of Anhui, having its own dialect and cuisine, and is known for tea cultivation. Compared to the rest of Anhui, the region is much more mountainous.

    The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Anhui, China, in 2020.

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