Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Duration | May 1–7,2010 |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 31 dead in TN,KY and MS |
Damage | $2.3 billion (2010 USD) [1] |
Areas affected | Tennessee,south central Kentucky,northern Mississippi |
The 2010 Tennessee floods were floods in Middle Tennessee,West Tennessee,south-central and western Kentucky and northern Mississippi areas of the United States of America as the result of torrential rains on May 1 and 2,2010. Floods from these rains affected the area for several days afterwards,resulting in a number of deaths and widespread property damage. [2]
Two-day rain totals in some areas were greater than 19 inches (480 mm). [3] The Cumberland River crested at 51.86 feet (15.81 m) in Nashville,a level not seen since 1937,which was before the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers flood control measures were in place. All-time record crests were observed on the Cumberland River at Clarksville,the Duck River at Centerville and Hurricane Mills,the Buffalo River at Lobelville,the Harpeth River at Kingston Springs and Bellevue,and the Red River at Port Royal. [4]
According to the Memphis Office of the National Weather Service:
A significant weather system brought very heavy rain and severe thunderstorms from Saturday,May 1 through Sunday morning,May 2. A stalled frontal boundary coupled with very moist air streaming northward from the Gulf set the stage for repeated rounds of heavy rainfall. Many locations along the I-40 corridor across western and middle Tennessee reported in excess of 10 to 15 inches,with some locations receiving up to 20 inches according to Doppler weather radar estimates. [5]
Several rainfall records in the Nashville area were broken during the rain event. 13.57 inches (345 mm) fell during the two-day period of May 1–2,doubling the record of 6.68 inches (170 mm) set in September 1979 during the passage of the remnants of Hurricane Frederic. On May 2 alone,7.25 inches (184 mm) of rain fell,including 7.20 inches (183 mm) during a 12-hour period and 5.57 inches (141 mm) in a 6-hour period,eclipsing records set on September 13,1979. The event also set a record for wettest May on record,surpassing the record set in May 1983 with 11.84 inches (301 mm). [4] [6]
Heavy rain also affected large portions of Arkansas,northern Mississippi and southern Kentucky. In Arkansas,over 5 inches (130 mm) fell in the Little Rock area,up to 8 inches (200 mm) in West Memphis and over 10 inches (250 mm) in northeastern Arkansas closer to the Mississippi River. Similar amounts were recorded across western and southern Kentucky where over 7 inches (180 mm) fell in the Hopkinsville area and up to 4 inches (100 mm) across the Missouri Bootheel. In addition to the heavy rain,moist air and ample instability contributed to the generation of multiple tornadoes affecting the same areas,which killed five people:four in Mississippi during the early hours of May 2,and one in Arkansas during the evening of April 30. [7] [8]
Twenty-one deaths were recorded in Tennessee,including ten in Davidson County,which includes Nashville. [9] Of the ten dead in Davidson County,"four victims were found in their homes,two were in cars and four were outdoors." [10]
Floods killed six people in northern Mississippi,and four deaths were reported in Kentucky. [11]
Mississippi deaths occurred in the following counties: [12]
At least 30 counties in Tennessee were declared major disaster areas by the federal government,with 52 applying to receive this status. This translates to about 31% of Tennessee being designated a major disaster area. [13]
Almost all schools in the area were closed including Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools,some for a week or more. Many roads were damaged by water erosion. Interstate 40 west of Nashville had numerous spots that had been inundated. Repair work on I-40 continued for several months.
The first site of major flooding was along Mill Creek in southeastern Davidson County,which was affected by a flash flood on May 1. The creek quickly spilled over its banks,and completely covered Interstate 24 near Antioch,killing one person in a car. A TDOT traffic camera captured footage of a large portable building being swept away from Lighthouse Christian School and coming to rest among the traffic on I-24,which was broadcast live on local television. Another person was killed along Mill Creek while attempting to tube the floodwaters.
Flooding on the Cumberland River damaged the Grand Ole Opry House,Gaylord Opryland Resort &Convention Center,Opry Mills,Bridgestone Arena [14] (home to NHL team Nashville Predators),and LP Field (home to NFL team Tennessee Titans) with several feet of water. [15]
Grand Ole Opry performances were moved to other venues in the Nashville area,with the Ryman Auditorium serving as the primary venue when available. Other venues hosting the Opry include the War Memorial Auditorium,TPAC's Andrew Jackson Hall,Nashville Municipal Auditorium,Lipscomb University's Allen Arena and the Two Rivers Baptist Church. Both the Ryman and War Memorial Auditoriums were previous homes to the Opry. None of these facilities were affected by the floods. The Grand Ole Opry House reopened to much fanfare on September 28,2010.
The basement flooded in Schermerhorn Symphony Center,causing the destruction of two Steinway grand concert pianos and one organ valued at $2.5 million. [16]
The common areas of the Gaylord Opryland Hotel were destroyed,and parts of the hotel were under 10 feet (3 m) of water at the peak of the floods. [16] It remained closed until November 2010. The studios of WSM radio,located inside the Gaylord Opryland Hotel,escaped flooding,but became inaccessible during the restoration of the building. This event forced the station to broadcast from a makeshift studio at its transmitter site in Brentwood for six months. [17] WSM's administrative offices next to the Grand Ole Opry House were also completely destroyed and later demolished,resulting in the loss of several priceless documents from the station's history. Neighboring Opry Mills mall was also inundated,and remained closed until March 29,2012. Flood walls would later be constructed around Gaylord Opryland and the Grand Ole Opry House (but not Opry Mills) to protect those properties from similar future flooding events.
Flooding was reported in a mechanical room of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum,but the exhibits were not damaged. [16]
The playing field,ground level facilities (such as locker rooms),and service entrance of LP Field were under water. [16]
40 feet (12 m) of water filled the underground parking garage of The Pinnacle at Symphony Place,a 417-foot (127 m) tower in downtown that opened in February 2010,less than three months before the flood. Electric and elevator systems housed in the garage were damaged. [18]
In Belle Meade,a neighborhood of Nashville,the ground floor of St. George's Episcopal Church was flooded. [16]
In the early morning of May 4,flooding at a Nashville Electric Service substation caused power to go out in the center of the city. Among the buildings that lost electricity was the 617-foot (188 m) AT&T Building,the tallest building in Tennessee. Power was not expected to be restored until Friday,May 7. [19]
The newsroom of WTVF was flooded and nonoperational for 3 months. Equipment was hastily moved during the flooding and set up at various locations around the building.
The Harrington water treatment plant,one of two in the city,flooded and the other was spared by mere feet;on Monday,May 3 residents were ordered to restrict water use,a situation that lasted for about a month. [20]
The Dry Creek wastewater treatment plant in Madison was flooded with some equipment areas under more than 40 ft of water. Disinfection was quickly restored but recovery efforts required about a month to restore full operation to the major plant processes.
Nashville/Davidson County was declared a Federal Disaster Area on May 4. [21]
According to Nashville Mayor Karl Dean,damage estimates in Nashville totalled $1.5 billion not including damage to roads and bridges or public buildings,as well as contents inside buildings and residences. [22]
The Duck River at Centerville exceeded its record level by almost 10 feet flooding or destroying homes,roads,and agricultural land. One person in Hickman County died from drowning. Numbers of people who were stranded on I-40 sought refuge in Centerville.
The Cumberland River in Clarksville flooded many businesses along the river. Flooded businesses were closed for up to seven weeks. All schools in the Clarksville-Montgomery County School System were closed for at least two weeks.
The Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee raised $14 million from individual donors and was allocated in various grants. The Metro Nashville Disaster Response Fund received roughly $3.5 million,the Tennessee Emergency Response Fund around $5.5 million,the River Fund $5 million,and other relief efforts received $234,000.
The River Fund was created with proceeds from Garth Brooks' December 2010 concerts for flood relief and served the 52 flood-affected counties in Tennessee.
On June 22,2010,a benefit concert called "Nashville Rising" was held at Bridgestone Arena to raise money for Middle Tennessee flood relief efforts. The concert raised over $2.2 million for flood relief efforts. [23]
American singer Taylor Swift donated $500,000 during a telethon hosted by WSMV.
The Grand Ole Opry is a regular live country-music radio broadcast originating from Nashville,Tennessee,on WSM,held between two and five nights per week,depending on the time of year. It was founded on November 28,1925,by George D. Hay as the WSM Barn Dance,taking its current name in 1927. Currently owned and operated by Opry Entertainment,it is the longest-running radio broadcast in U.S. history. Dedicated to honoring country music and its history,the Opry showcases a mix of famous singers and contemporary chart-toppers performing country,bluegrass,Americana,folk,and gospel music as well as comedic performances and skits. It attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world and millions of radio and internet listeners.
The Great Flood of 1993 was a flood that occurred in the Midwestern United States,along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries,from April to October 1993.
WSM is a commercial AM radio station,located in Nashville,Tennessee. It broadcasts a country music format and is known as the home of the Grand Ole Opry,the world's longest running radio program. The station is owned Ryman Hospitality Properties,Inc. After nearly 40 years broadcasting from a studio within the Gaylord Opryland Resort &Convention Center,WSM moved to a showcase studio inside the former home of Roy Acuff,just outside the Grand Ole Opry House,in July 2024.
Opryland USA was a theme park in Nashville,Tennessee. It operated seasonally from 1972 to 1997,and for a special Christmas-themed engagement every December from 1993 to 1997. During the late 1980s,nearly 2.5 million people visited the park annually. Billed as the "Home of American Music",Opryland USA featured a large number of musical shows along with typical amusement park rides,such as roller coasters. The park was closed and demolished following the 1997 season. On its site was built Opry Mills,an outlet-heavy shopping mall,which opened in 2000.
Ryman Auditorium is a historic 2,362-seat live-performance venue and museum located at 116 Rep. John Lewis Way North,in the downtown core of Nashville,Tennessee,United States. It is best known as the home of the Grand Ole Opry from 1943 to 1974. It is owned and operated by Ryman Hospitality Properties,Inc. Ryman Auditorium was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and was later designated as a National Historic Landmark on June 25,2001,for its pivotal role in the popularization of country music. A storied stage for Rock &Roll artists for decades,the Ryman was named a Rock &Roll Hall of Fame Landmark in 2022.
Opry Mills is a super-regional shopping mall in Nashville,Tennessee,United States. The mall was owned by the Mills Corporation and Gaylord Entertainment Company until 2007,when the Mills Corporation was acquired by Simon Property Group. It opened on May 12,2000 on the former site of Opryland Themepark. The mall is adjacent to the Grand Ole Opry House and the Gaylord Opryland Resort &Convention Center. The anchor stores are Regal Cinemas,Madame Tussauds,Sun &Ski Sports,Off Broadway Shoe Warehouse,Bass Pro Shops,Ralph Lauren,Nike Outlet,H&M,Old Navy,Forever 21,and Dave &Buster's.
Gaylord Opryland Resort &Convention Center,formerly known as Opryland Hotel,is a hotel and convention center located in Nashville,Tennessee. It is owned by Ryman Hospitality Properties,and operated by Marriott International.
Ryman Hospitality Properties,Inc. is a hotel,resort,entertainment,and media company named for one of its assets:the Ryman Auditorium,a National Historic Landmark in Nashville,Tennessee. The company's legal lineage can be traced back to its time as a subsidiary of Edward Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company;however,the backbone of the modern entity was formed with the company's acquisition of WSM,Inc. in 1983. This purchase resulted in the ownership of the Grand Ole Opry and associated businesses,including the company's flagship resort property,then known as Opryland Hotel. As such,Ryman Hospitality cites 1925 as its origin year.
General Jackson is a riverboat—more specifically,a showboat—based on the Cumberland River in Nashville,Tennessee.
Floods in the United States are generally caused by excessive rainfall,excessive snowmelt,and dam failure. Below is a list of flood events that were of significant impact to the country during the 20th century,from 1900 through 1999,inclusive.
Floods in the United States (2000–present) is a list of flood events which were of significant impact to the country during the 21st century,since 2000. Floods are generally caused by excessive rainfall,excessive snowmelt,storm surge from hurricanes,and dam failure.
The 2007 Midwest flooding was a major flooding event that occurred in the Midwestern United States in the third week of August 2007. While Hurricane Dean was affecting the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico,and Tropical Storm Erin was affecting Oklahoma and Texas,a persistent storm system hung over the Midwest for several days,causing repeated flash flooding in the US states of Illinois,Indiana,Iowa,Minnesota,Ohio,and Wisconsin. Cool Canadian air clashed with large quantities of warm moist air from the Gulf,producing torrential rains along a stationary front. 5 deaths across the central United States were attributed to the resulting flooding. Seven Minnesota counties,eight Ohio counties,fourteen counties in Wisconsin,and seven counties in Illinois were declared Federal Disaster Areas.
The tornado outbreak of October 17–19,2007 was a widespread tornado outbreak that took place across much of the eastern half of North America starting on October 17,2007,and continuing into the early hours of October 19. The outbreak was also responsible for five deaths;three in Michigan and two in Missouri,plus many injuries. At least 64 tornadoes were confirmed including 16 on October 17 across six states including Texas,Oklahoma,Arkansas,Louisiana,Mississippi and Missouri with wind damage reported in Oklahoma,Kansas,Illinois,Iowa,Arkansas and Mississippi. On October 18,at least 48 tornadoes were confirmed across eight states including Florida,Alabama,Mississippi,Tennessee,Kentucky,Illinois,Indiana and Michigan,plus widespread straight line wind damage. Until 2010,this event held the record for largest tornado outbreak ever recorded in the month of October according to NOAA.
The 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak which affected the Southern United States and the lower Ohio Valley on February 5 and 6,2008. The event began on Super Tuesday,while 24 states in the United States were holding primary elections and caucuses to select the presidential candidates for the upcoming presidential election. Missouri,Illinois,Arkansas,Alabama,and Tennessee were among the affected regions in which primaries were being held. Some voting locations were forced to close early due to the approaching severe weather.
The North American blizzard of 2008 was a winter storm that struck most of southern and eastern North America from March 6 to March 10,2008. The storm was most notable for a major winter storm event from Arkansas to Quebec. It also produced severe weather across the east coast of the United States with heavy rain,damaging winds and tornadoes,causing locally significant damage. The hardest hit areas by the wintry weather were from the Ohio Valley to southern Quebec where up to a half a meter of snow fell locally including the major cities of Columbus,Ohio,Cleveland,Ohio,and Ottawa,Ontario. For many areas across portions of the central United States,Ontario and Quebec,it was the worst winter storm in the past several years. The blizzard and its aftermath caused at least 17 deaths across four US states and three Canadian provinces,while hundreds others were injured mostly in weather-related accidents and tornadoes.
The June 2008 Midwestern United States floods were flooding events which affected portions of the Midwestern United States. After months of heavy precipitation,a number of rivers overflowed their banks for several weeks at a time and broke through levees at numerous locations. Flooding continued into July. States affected by the flooding included Illinois,Indiana,Iowa,Michigan,Minnesota,Missouri and Wisconsin. The American Red Cross assisted the victims of flooding and tornadoes across seven states and the National Guard was mobilized to assist in disaster relief and evacuation.
The September 2009 Southeastern United States floods were a group of floods that affected several counties throughout northern Georgia,Tennessee,Alabama,Mississippi,and Arkansas. The worst flooding occurred across the Atlanta metropolitan area. Continuous rain,spawned by moisture pulled from the Gulf of Mexico,fell faster than the local watersheds could drain the runoff.
The Great Flood of 1913 occurred between March 23 and March 26,after major rivers in the central and eastern United States flooded from runoff and several days of heavy rain. Related deaths and damage in the United States were widespread and extensive. While the exact number is not certain,flood-related deaths in Ohio,Indiana,and eleven other states are estimated at approximately 650. The official death toll range for Ohio falls between 422 and 470. Flood-related death estimates in Indiana range from 100 to 200. More than a quarter million people were left homeless. The death toll from the flood of 1913 places it second to the Johnstown Flood of 1889 as one of the deadliest floods in the United States. The flood remains Ohio's largest weather disaster. In the Midwestern United States,damage estimates exceeded a third of a billion dollars. Damage from the Great Dayton Flood at Dayton,Ohio,exceeded $73 million. Indiana's damages were estimated at $25 million. Further south,along the Mississippi River,damages exceeded $200 million. Devastation from the flood of 1913 and later floods along the Mississippi River eventually changed the country's management of its waterways and increased federal support for comprehensive flood prevention and funding for flood control projects. The Ohio Conservancy Act,which was signed by the governor of Ohio in 1914,became a model for other states to follow. The act allowed for the establishment of conservancy districts with the authority to implement flood control projects.
Between midnight and 10:00 am CDT on Saturday,August 21,2021,very heavy rainfall resulted in widespread flash flooding across western Middle Tennessee,including the town of Waverly. During the event,much of a five-county area received up to a quarter of normal annual rainfall in under twelve hours,as much as 10 to 15 inches. In a situation described as catastrophic,Waverly was severely damaged by floodwater,with hundreds of homes and dozens of businesses destroyed and swept away. Numerous people became trapped,leading to widespread water rescues. The event resulted in 19 fatalities in Waverly,with another in nearby Hurricane Mills,and is regarded as one of the worst natural disasters in Tennessee history. The event broke the 24-hour rainfall record in Tennessee,with over 20 inches (510 mm) of rain falling in McEwen. Flooding also occurred in parts of western Kentucky,but to a much lesser extent.
Beginning on July 24,2022,and lasting for a week,many flash flooding events hit several areas of the United States. These areas included parts of Missouri and Illinois,especially Greater St. Louis,Eastern Kentucky,Southwest Virginia,parts of West Virginia,and the Las Vegas Valley. Several rounds of severe thunderstorms began in Missouri on July 24,culminating during July 25 and 26,when St. Louis broke its previous 1915 record for the most rainfall in a span of 24 hours. Governor Mike Parson declared a state of emergency on July 26. Over one hundred people were rescued from floods,and two people were killed. Late on July 27 and into July 28,historic flooding began in central Appalachia,particularly in Kentucky,where a state of emergency was declared. A total of 38 people were killed in Kentucky as a direct result of flooding,with a 39th fatality occurring days later during cleanup efforts and a 40th coming in September during cleanup efforts in Pike County.