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Aluminium, 13 Al Pronunciation Alternative name Aluminum (U.S., Canada) Appearance Silvery gray metallic 26.9815384 ± 0.0000003 26.982± 0.001 (pinaikli)[ 1] [ 2]
Atomic number (Z ) 13 Group 13 Period 3 Block p-blockElectron configuration [Ne ] 3s2 3p1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 3 Phase at STP solido Melting point 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) Boiling point 2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) Density (at 20° C) 2.699 g/cm3 [ 3] when liquid (at m.p. ) 2.375 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 10.71 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 284 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.20 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1482
1632
1817
2054
2364
2790
Oxidation states −2, −1, 0,[ 4] +1,[ 5] +2,[ 6] +3 (isang anpoterong oksido) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.61 Ionization energies 1st: 577.5 kJ/mol 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 143 pm Covalent radius 121±4 pm Van der Waals radius 184 pm Mga linyang espektral ng aluminium Natural occurrence primordiyal Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4 ) Lattice constant a = 404.93 pm (at 20 °C)[ 3] Thermal expansion 22.87× 10−6 /K (at 20 °C)[ 3] Thermal conductivity 237 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 26.5 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [ 7] Molar magnetic susceptibility +16.5× 10−6 cm3 /molYoung's modulus 70 GPa Shear modulus 26 GPa Bulk modulus 76 GPa Speed of sound thin rod (rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t. ) Poisson ratio 0.35 Mohs hardness 2.75 Vickers hardness 160–350 MPa Brinell hardness 160–550 MPa CAS Number 7429-90-5 Naming from alumine , obsolete name for alumina Prediction Antoine Lavoisier (1782) Discovery Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) Named by Humphry Davy (1812[ a] )
Kategorya: Aluminium | references
Ang aluminyo (Ingles : aluminum ) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Al at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 13 .
(atomikong timbang = 26.98, punto ng pagkatunaw = 660.2 °C, punto ng pagkulo = 2,467 °C, ispesipikong grabidad = 2.69, V = 3, simbolo: Al , malaking A na sinundan ng maliit na L ) ay isang metalikong elemento na maputi ang kulay at katulad ng pilak . Ito ang elementong itinuturing na pinakarami ang bilang sa balat ng lupa, bagaman natatagpuang nakalangkap sa iba pang mga elemento. Natuklasan ito ni Hans Christian Ørsted noong 1825. Ginagamit ito sa pag-gawa ng mga kasangkapang magagaan, hindi kalawangin, at matitibay o matitigas, katulad halimbawa ng sa kaldero at sa bubong ng bahay.[ 10]
↑ Davy's 1812 written usage of the word aluminum was predated by other authors' usage of aluminium . However, Davy is often mentioned as the person who named the element; he was the first to coin a name for aluminium: he used alumium in 1808. Other authors did not accept that name, choosing aluminium instead. See below for more details.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2017.{{cite web }}
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↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 . {{cite journal }}
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↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 . {{cite book }}
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↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al2 (CH3 )6 with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (Disyembre 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes" . American Chemical Society (sa wikang Ingles). 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi :10.1021/ja00207a023 . {{cite journal }}
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↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (sa wikang Ingles). 35 (2): 129–149. doi :10.1002/anie.199601291 . {{cite journal }}
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↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature (sa wikang Ingles). 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode :1964Natur.202..383T . doi :10.1038/202383a0 . S2CID 4163250 . {{cite journal }}
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↑
Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF) . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-81st (na) edisyon). CRC Press . ISBN 0849304814 . {{cite book }}
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↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae . {{cite journal }}
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↑ Mougeot, X. (2019). "Towards high-precision calculation of electron capture decays" . Applied Radiation and Isotopes . 154 (108884). doi :10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108884 . {{cite journal }}
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↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Aluminum, aluminyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com .