మూస:Infobox niobium

నియోబియం, ₀₀Nb

నియోబియం
Pronunciation	/naɪˈoʊbiəm/ ​(ny-OH-bee-əm)
Appearance	gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Nb)
	92.90637±0.00001 92.906±0.001 (abridged)
నియోబియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium V ↑ Nb ↓ Ta జిర్కోనియం ← నియోబియం → మాలిబ్డెనం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2750 K ​(2477 °C, ​4491 °F)
Boiling point	5017 K ​(4744 °C, ​8571 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	689.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.60 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2942 3207 3524 3910 4393 5013
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.6
Atomic radius	empirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius	164±6 pm
Spectral lines of నియోబియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	7.3 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity	53.7 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	152 n Ω⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	105 GPa
Shear modulus	38 GPa
Bulk modulus	170 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.40
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	1320 MPa
Brinell hardness	736 MPa
CAS Number	7440-03-1
History
Discovery	Charles Hatchett (1801)
First isolation	Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)
రసాయన మూలకం గా గుర్తించినవారు	Heinrich Rose (1844)
Isotopes of నియోబియం

References

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