Sklerosisi ya kimiotrofia ya pembezoni
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Sklerosisi ya kimiotrofia ya pembezoni | |
---|---|
Mwainisho na taarifa za nje | |
Kundi Maalumu | Neurology |
ICD-10 | G12.2 |
ICD-9 | 335.20 |
OMIM | 105400 |
DiseasesDB | 29148 |
MedlinePlus | 000688 |
eMedicine | neuro/14 emerg/24 pmr/10 |
MeSH | D000690 |
Sklerosisi ya kimiotrofia ya pembezoni (kwa Kiingereza amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, kifupi ALS), ambayo pia hujulikana kama Ugonjwa wa Lou Gehrig na ugonjwa wa Charcot, ni hali inayohusisha kuharibika kwa nyuroni.[1] Barani Ulaya jina ugonjwa wa nyuroni mota (MND) hutumika sana,[2] ilhali wengine hutumia jina hilo kwa kundi la hali ambapo ALS inapatikana sana.[3]
ALS hubainishwa kwa misuli migumu, kushtuka kwa misuli na udhaifu unaokithiri kutokana na kupungua kwa ukubwa wa misuli. Hii hupelekea ugumu katika kuongea, kumeza na hatimaye kupumua.[4]
Visababishi na mienendo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Kisababishi hakijulikani kwa asilimia 90 hadi 95 za visa.[4] Takribani asilimia 5-10 za visa ni vya Kurithiwa kutoka kwa wazazi.[5] Karibu nusu ya visa hivi vya jenetikia hutokana na moja ya jeni mbili maalum. Husababisha kufa kwa nuroni zinazodhibiti misuli ya hiari.
Utambuzi hutegemea ishara na dalili za mtu kwa uchunguzi ili kuondoa visababishi vingine vinavyoweza kukisiwa.[6]
Matibabu, prognosis na epidemiolojia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Hakuna tiba ya ALS.[4] Dawa iitwayo riluzole inaweza kurefusha maisha kwa takribani miezi miwili hadi mitatu.[7] Uingizaji hewa usio vamizi unaweza kupelekea maisha bora na marefu.[8] Ugonjwa huu huanza katika umri wa miaka 60 na katika visa vya kurithiwa katika umri wa miaka 50.[5] Muda wa wastani wa kuishi kutoka mwanzo hadi kufariki ni miaka mitatu hadi minne.[9] Takribani asilimia 10 huishi zaidi ya miaka 10.[4] Wengi hufariki kutokana na matatizo ya kupumua. Katika sehemu nyingi za dunia, viwango vya ALS havijulikani.[5] Barani Uropa na Amerika, ugonjwa huu huathiri takribani watu 2 kati ya 100,000 kila mwaka.[5][10]
Historia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Maelezo ya ugonjwa huu yalianza angalau mwaka wa 1824 na Charles Bell.[11] Katika mwaka wa 1869, uhusiano kati ya dalili na matatizo halisi ya kinurolojia ulielezwa kwa mara ya kwanza na Jean-Martin Charcot, alitumia jina sklerosisi ya kimiotrofia ya pembezoni tangu mwaka wa 1874. Ilijulikana vizuri Marekani ilipomuathiri mchezaji maarufu wa besiboli Lou Gehrig,[1] na katika karne ya 20 Stephen Hawking alipopata umaarufu wa ufanisi wa kisayansi.[12]
Katika mwaka wa 2014 video za ice bucket challenge zilienea kwenye mtandao na kuongeza ufahamu wa umma.[13]
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kelly, Evelyn B. (2013). Encyclopedia of human genetics and disease. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. ku. 79–80. ISBN 9780313387135.
- ↑ "Motor neurone disease". http://www.nhs.uk/. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Januari 2015.
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- ↑ Ellison, edited by Seth Love, David N. Louis, David W. (2008). Greenfield's neuropathology (tol. la 8th ed.). London: Hodder Arnold. uk. 947. ISBN 9780340906811.
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Motor Neuron Diseases Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". www.ninds.nih.gov. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2014-04-13. Iliwekwa mnamo 7 Novemba 2010.
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ignored (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kiernan, MC; Vucic, S; Cheah, BC; Turner, MR; Eisen, A; Hardiman, O; Burrell, JR; Zoing, MC (12 Machi 2011). "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Lancet. 377 (9769): 942–55. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61156-7. PMID 21296405.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Fact Sheet". http://www.ninds.nih.gov/. Septemba 19, 2014. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-01-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Januari 2015.
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- ↑ Miller, RG; Mitchell, JD; Moore, DH (14 Machi 2012). "Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND)". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 3: CD001447. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001447.pub3. PMID 22419278.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ McDermott, CJ; Shaw, PJ (22 Machi 2008). "Diagnosis and management of motor neurone disease". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 336 (7645): 658–62. doi:10.1136/bmj.39493.511759.be. PMID 18356234.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Malamut, edited by Joseph I. Sirven, Barbara L. (2008). Clinical neurology of the older adult (tol. la 2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. uk. 421. ISBN 9780781769471.
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Epidemiology of Sporadic ALS". http://aces.stanford.edu/. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-10-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2 Januari 2015.
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- ↑ Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid
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- ↑ Youngson, David B. Jacoby, Robert M. (2004). Encyclopedia of family health (tol. la 3rd ed.). Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. uk. 1256. ISBN 9780761474869.
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has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Song, P (Agosti 2014). "The Ice Bucket Challenge: The public sector should get ready to promptly promote the sustained development of a system of medical care for and research into rare diseases". Intractable & rare diseases research. 3 (3): 94–6. doi:10.5582/irdr.2014.01015. PMID 25364651.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)