Sachem
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Sachem and sagamores are terms for North American Indian chiefs. It is particularly used in Algonquian-speaking tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands.[1] The sachem was the highest level of chiefs. The sagamore was a lower-ranking chief.[2] Examples of sachems include Massasoit, Metacom, Uncas and Daniel Nimham. Little Turtle is an example of a sagamore.
Cognate words
[change | change source]| Family | Language | Word | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Algonquian | Proto-Eastern Algonquian | *sākimāw | theoretical reconstruction |
| Narragansett | sâchim | anglicized as sachem[3] | |
| Lenape | sakima | derived from earlier form sakimaw[4] | |
| Eastern Abnaki | sakəma | anglicized as sagamore[3] | |
| Mi'kmaq | saqamaw | Ninigret | |
| Malecite-Passamaquoddy | sakom | [5] | |
| Western Abnaki | sôgmô | [6] | |
| Wangunk | sequin | [7] | |
| Central Algonquian | Proto-Central Algonquian | *hākimāw | theoretical reconstruction |
| Anishinaabe | ogimaa | [8] | |
| Algonquin | ogimà | [9] | |
| Ottawa | gimaa | [10] | |
| Potawatomi | wgema | anglicised as Ogema | |
| Eastern Swampy Cree | okimâw | [11] | |
| Northern East Cree | uchimaa | [12] | |
| Southern East Cree | uchimaa | [13] | |
| Naskapi | iiyuuchimaaw | [14] |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Definition of SACHEM". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- ↑ "Definition of SAGAMORE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goddard, Ives (1978). "Eastern Algonquian languages", in "Northeast", ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 75
- ↑ "sakima". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
- ↑ Francis, David A., Sr. et al. Maliseet - Passamaquoddy Dictionary. Mi'kmaq - Maliseet Institute
- ↑ Laurent, Joseph (1884). New familiar Abenakis and English dialogues the first ever published on the grammatical system.
- ↑ Forest, John William De (1853). History of the Indians of Connecticut from the Earliest Known Period to 1850. Archon Books. pp. 54.
- ↑ Nichols, John, and Earl Nyholm. (1995). A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
- ↑ Mcgregor, Ernest. (1994). Algonquin Lexicon. Maniwaki, QC: Kitigan Zibi Education Council.
- ↑ Rhodes, Richard A. (1985). Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- ↑ MacKenzie, Marguerite (editor). (c2007). Wasaho Ininîwimowin Dictionary (Fort Severn Cree). Kwayaciiwin Education Resource Centre.
- ↑ Bobbish-Salt, Luci et al. (2004–06). Northern EastCree Dictionary. Cree School Board.
- ↑ Neeposh, Ella et al. (2004–07). Southern EastCree Dictionary. Cree School Board.
- ↑ MacKenzie, Marguerite and Bill Jancewicz. (1994). Naskapi lexicon Archived 2008-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. Kawawachikamach, Quebec: Naskapi Development Corp.