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ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ
ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱛᱮᱟᱭᱹᱮᱱ.ᱥᱤ
ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ
ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛMallikarjun Kharge
ᱢᱟᱬᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ
PresidiumCongress Working Committee[᱑]
ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱱᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ[᱒]
ᱠᱳᱞᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱚᱫᱷᱤᱨ ᱨᱚᱧᱡᱚᱱ ᱪᱳᱶᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ
ᱨᱟᱡᱭᱚᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟᱨᱡᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱜᱮ
(ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ)[᱓]
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱭᱩᱢ[᱔][᱕][᱖][᱗][᱘][᱙]
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ28 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 1885 (138 years ago) (1885-᱑᱒-28)
ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ᱒᱔, ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-᱑᱑᱐᱐᱐᱑[᱑᱐]
ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱮᱥᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ
ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ
ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ
ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱪᱷᱟᱨᱟ
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ[᱑᱔] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ-ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ[᱑᱕]
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱯᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ[᱑᱖]
ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ[᱑᱗]
ᱨᱚᱝ  ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱤᱞ[᱑᱘][᱑᱙]
ᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ ᱥᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ[᱒᱐]
ᱥᱚᱸᱜᱮUnited Progressive Alliance
(All India)
Secular Progressive Alliance
(Tamil Nadu)
Maha Vikas Aghadi
(Maharashtra)
Mahagathbandhan
(Bihar)
Mahagathbandhan
(Jharkhand)
Secular Progressive Front
(Manipur)
United Democratic Front
(Kerala)
Sanjukta Morcha
(West Bengal)
ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
᱕᱐ / ᱕᱔᱓
(᱕᱔᱐ MPs & ᱓ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ)
ᱨᱟᱡᱭᱚᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
᱔᱐ / ᱒᱔᱕
(᱒᱓᱖ MPs & ᱙ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ)[᱒᱑]
ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
᱗᱒᱗ / ᱔,᱐᱓᱖
(᱔᱐᱒᱕ MLAs & ᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ)
ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
᱕᱕ / ᱔᱒᱖
(᱓᱙᱐ MLCs & ᱓᱖ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ)
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ
᱖ / ᱓᱑
(᱒᱘ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ & ᱓ UTs)
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ
ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱨ
ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ
www.inc.in

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ (ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ, ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱛᱮ: INC) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱒᱒] ᱑᱘᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
INC general elections vote percentage
ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ
INC seasts in lower house of Indian parliament
ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ
INC seats in upper house of Indian parliament
ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱭᱚᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ swing ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ(ᱠᱚ)
᱑᱙᱓᱔ ᱕ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭ
᱔᱒ / ᱑᱔᱗
 increase ᱔᱒ N/A N/A N/A [᱒᱓]
᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱖ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱳᱥ
᱕᱙ / ᱑᱐᱒
 increase ᱑᱗ N/A N/A ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Partial [᱒᱔]
᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱑ ᱞᱩ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱦᱚᱨᱞᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ
᱓᱖᱔ / ᱔᱘᱙
 increase ᱓᱖᱔ ᱔᱔.᱙᱙% N/A ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱒᱕]
᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱓᱗᱑ / ᱔᱙᱔
 increase ᱗ ᱔᱗.᱗᱘% increase ᱒.᱗᱙% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱒᱖]
᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱓ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱓᱖᱑ / ᱔᱙᱔
 Decrease ᱑᱐ ᱔᱔.᱗᱒% Decrease ᱓.᱐᱖% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱒᱗]
᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱔ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ
᱒᱘᱓ / ᱕᱒᱐
 Decrease ᱗᱘ ᱔᱐.᱗᱘% Decrease ᱒.᱙᱔% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱒᱘]
᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱕ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱓᱕᱒ / ᱕᱑᱘
 increase ᱖᱙ ᱔᱓.᱖᱘% increase ᱒.᱙᱐% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ [᱒᱙]
᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱖ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱑᱕᱓ / ᱕᱔᱒
 Decrease ᱑᱙᱙ ᱓᱔.᱕᱒% Decrease ᱙.᱑᱕% ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ [᱓᱐]
᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱗ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱓᱕᱑ / ᱕᱔᱒
 increase ᱑᱙᱘ ᱔᱒.᱖᱙% increase ᱘.᱑᱗% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱓᱑]
᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱘ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ
᱔᱑᱕ / ᱕᱓᱓
 increase ᱖᱔ ᱔᱙.᱐᱑% increase ᱖.᱓᱒% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱓᱒]
᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱙ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱑᱙᱗ / ᱕᱔᱕
 Decrease ᱒᱑᱘ ᱓᱙.᱕᱓% Decrease ᱙.᱔᱘% ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ [᱓᱓]
᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱤ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱢᱦᱟ ᱨᱟᱣ
᱒᱔᱔ / ᱕᱔᱕
 increase ᱔᱗ ᱓᱕.᱖᱖% Decrease ᱓.᱘᱗% ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ [᱓᱔]
᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱑᱔᱐ / ᱕᱔᱕
 Decrease ᱑᱐᱔ ᱒᱘.᱘᱐% Decrease ᱗.᱔᱖% ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Partial [᱓᱕]
᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱥᱟᱨᱤ
᱑᱔᱑ / ᱕᱔᱕
 increase ᱑ ᱒᱕.᱘᱒% Decrease ᱒.᱙᱘% Opposition [᱓᱖]
᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ
᱑᱑᱔ / ᱕᱔᱕
 Decrease ᱒᱗ ᱒᱘.᱓᱐% increase ᱒.᱔᱘% ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ [᱓᱗]
᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱑᱔᱕ / ᱕᱔᱓
 increase ᱓᱑ ᱒᱖.᱗% Decrease ᱑.᱖% ᱡᱳᱴ [᱓᱘]
᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱒᱐᱖ / ᱕᱔᱓
 increase ᱖᱑ ᱒᱘.᱕᱕% increase ᱒.᱐᱒% ᱡᱳᱴ [᱓᱙]
᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱑᱖ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ
᱔᱔ / ᱕᱔᱓
 Decrease ᱑᱖᱒ ᱑᱙.᱓% Decrease ᱙.᱒᱕% ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ [᱔᱐]
᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱑᱗ ᱟᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ
᱕᱒ / ᱕᱔᱓
 increase ᱘ ᱑᱙.᱕% increase ᱐.᱒% ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷᱤ [᱔᱑]


ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩ.ᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ

[ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]
  1. ↑ Phukan, Sandeep (9 August 2019). "Congress Working Committee to take up leadership issue today". The Hindu. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  2. ↑ "A day before Rahul takes over, Sonia says she'll retire". The Hindu. 16 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  3. ↑ DelhiFebruary 12, Rahul Shrivastava New; February 12, 2021UPDATED; Ist, 2021 13:08. "Mallikarjun Kharge to replace Ghulam Nabi as Leader of Opposition, Congress to inform Rajya Sabha". India Today.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ "Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents". Kanishka Singh. The Indian Express. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  5. ↑ "Sagely leader: Dadabhai Naoroji". Praveen Davar. Telegraph India. 30 June 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  6. ↑ "AO Hume, 'Father' of Indian National Congress who was distrusted by the British & Indians". DEEKSHA BHARDWAJ. ThePrint. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Sinha, Arunav (28 December 2015). "Cong founder was district collector of Etawah". The Times of India. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  8. ↑ Sir William Wedderburn (2002). Allan Octavian Hume: Father of the Indian National Congress, 1829-1912 : a Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-19-565287-1. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  9. ↑ Kanta Kataria (2013). "A.o. Hume: His Life and Contribution to the Regeneration of India". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 74 (2): 245–252. JSTOR 24701107.
  10. ↑ "Rent relief unlikely for Congress's Delhi properties". The Times of India. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  11. ↑ Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-618-49319-7.
  12. ↑ Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2012). Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds. PublicAffairs. p. 50. ISBN 9781610390484. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
  14. ↑ "India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave'". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 May 2019. The BJP's primary rival, the centrist Indian National Congress (Congress), won only 52 seats.
  15. ↑ Saez, Lawrence; Sinha, Aseema (2010). "Political cycles, political institutions and public expenditure in India, 1980–2000". British Journal of Political Science. 40 (1): 91–113. doi:10.1017/s0007123409990226. S2CID 154767259.
  16. ↑ "Progressive Alliance Participants". Progressive Alliance. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  17. ↑ "Full Member Parties of Socialist International". Socialist International.
  18. ↑ "India General (Lok Sabha) Election 2014 Results". mapsofindia.com.
  19. ↑ "Election Results India, General Elections Results, Lok Sabha Polls Results India – IBNLive". in.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015.
  20. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  21. ↑ "Party Position in the Rajya Sabha" (PDF). Rajya Sabha. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  22. ↑ "Indian National Congress". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  23. ↑ "Elections in India The New Delhi Assembly, Congress Party's Position", The Times, 10 December 1934, p15, Issue 46933
  24. ↑ "-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
  25. ↑ "Statistical Report on Lok Sabha Elections 1951-52" (PDF). Election Commission of India.
  26. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-I" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 5. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  27. ↑ "Statistical Report On General Elections, 1962 To The Third Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  28. ↑ "General Election of India 1967, 4th Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014. Retrieved 13 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2010.
  29. ↑ "General Election of India 1971, 5th Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014. Retrieved 13 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2010.
  30. ↑ "General Election of India 1977, 6th Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2014. Retrieved 13 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2010.
  31. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf EIC
  32. ↑ https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4118-general-election-1984-vol-i-ii/?do=download&r=9755&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=6df04992cf2c2fe96a9487465b425663
  33. ↑ Indian Parliamentary Democracy. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-269-0193-7.
  34. ↑ "1991 India General (10th Lok Sabha) Elections Results". www.elections.in. Retrieved 2020-09-07.
  35. ↑ Vohra, Ranbir (2001). The Making of India. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 282–284. ISBN 978-0-7656-0712-6.
  36. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2018. Retrieved 16 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ↑ "Second UPA win, a crowning glory for Sonia's ascendancy". Business Standard. 16 May 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  40. ↑ "Terms of Houses, Election Commission of India". Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  41. ↑ "Modi thanks India for 'historic mandate'" (in ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ). 23 May 2019. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
"https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ_ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ_ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ&oldid=127724" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ