Audie Murphy
Audie Leon Murphy (n. , Texas, SUA – d. , Roanoke(d), Virginia, SUA) a fost un soldat, actor, cântăreț și fermier american.
A fost unul dintre cei mai decorați soldați americani care au luptat în al Doilea Război Mondial. El a primit toate premiile militare de luptă pentru vitejie disponibile din partea armata SUA, precum și premii franceze și belgiene pentru eroism. Murphy a primit Medalia de Onoare pentru vitejie pe care a demonstrat-o la vârsta de 19 ani pentru că a ținut singur în loc o companie de soldați germani timp de o oră în Punga Colmar din Franța în ianuarie 1945, apoi a condus un contraatac de succes în timp ce era rănit și fără muniție.
După război, Murphy a început o carieră de actorie care a durat 21 de ani. În filmul din 1949, Bad Boy, a primit primul său rol principal.[6]
Suferind de ceea ce astăzi ar fi descris drept tulburare de stres post traumatic (PTSD), Murphy a dormit cu o armă încărcată sub pernă. A căutat mângâiere în somnifere care au creat dependență. În ultimii săi ani, a fost afectat de probleme cu banii, dar a refuzat ofertele de a apărea în reclame la alcool și țigări pentru că nu a vrut să dea un exemplu prost. Murphy a murit într-un accident de avion în Virginia în 1971, cu puțin timp înainte de a împlini 46 de ani. A fost înmormântat cu onoruri militare la Cimitirul Național Arlington, unde mormântul său este unul dintre cele mai vizitate.
Filmografie
[modificare | modificare sursă]Filme
[modificare | modificare sursă]Note
[modificare | modificare sursă]Note de subsol
[modificare | modificare sursă]- ^ The Kid From Texas is the final movie shown at the local theater in Larry McMurty's novel The Last Picture Show.[10][11][12]
- ^ Henry Fleming is the Youth in Stephen Crane's novel. In the 1951 film, Fleming is played by Murphy shown in the cast listing as the unnamed character "The Youth". However, Fleming is addressed by name when other characters are speaking to him.[17]
- ^ Alden Pyle is the American in Graham Greene's novel. In the 1958 film, Pyle is played by Murphy as the unnamed character "The American".[35]
- ^ The parents of Seven Ways from Sundown Jones gave their children numbers for names. Murphy's character was the last of seven children. The storyline has him seeking the killer of his brother Two Jones.[48]
Citate
[modificare | modificare sursă]- ^ a b http://www.audiemurphy.com/biography.htm Lipsește sau este vid:
|title=
(ajutor) - ^ a b c d Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek, accesat în
- ^ a b Autoritatea BnF, accesat în
- ^ Geni.com
- ^ Autoritatea BnF, accesat în
- ^ a b Movies of the Month (aprilie 1949). „Bad Boy”. Boys' Life: 50. Accesat în .
- ^ Young & Young 2010, pp. 493–495.
- ^ a b Graham 1989, p. 347.
- ^ Starr 2003, pp. 199–204.
- ^ Hoffman 2012, pp. 93, 195.
- ^ Fagen 2003, pp. 234–235.
- ^ a b c d e Graham 1989, p. 348.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 392.
- ^ Library of Congress. „Sierra LC control no. 97520955”. Accesat în .
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 233.
- ^ Library of Congress. „The Red Badge of Courage LC control no. 87706206”. Accesat în .
- ^ Mauldin, Bill (). „Parting Shots”. LIFE. 70 (22): 77. Accesat în .
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 91.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 139.
- ^ Graham 1989, pp. 348–49.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 197.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 98.
- ^ a b c d e f g Graham 1989, p. 349.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 449.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 350.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 137.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 130.
- ^ Gossett 1996, p. 15.
- ^ a b Nott 2005, p. 105.
- ^ Fagen 2003, pp. 472–473.
- ^ a b c d e Graham 1989, p. 350.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 198.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 293.
- ^ O'Connor & Rollins 2008, pp. 407, 414–415.
- ^ DiLeo 2004, p. 253.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 349.
- ^ Library of Congress. „Ride a Crooked Trail LC control no. 96522822”. Accesat în .
- ^ Maltin 2008, p. 566.
- ^ Graham 1989, pp. 350–351.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 294.
- ^ a b c d e f Graham 1989, p. 351.
- ^ Fagen 2003, pp. 486–487.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 79.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 459.
- ^ Library of Congress (). „The Unforgiven LC control no. 95510622”. Accesat în .
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 206.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 383.
- ^ Nott 2005, p. 118.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 323.
- ^ Graham 1989, pp. 351–352.
- ^ Maltin 2008, p. 93.
- ^ a b c d e f g Graham 1989, p. 352.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 397.
- ^ Edwards 1997, pp. 106–107.
- ^ a b c d e f g Graham 1989, p. 353.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 391.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 192.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 329.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 66.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 15.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 19.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 196.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 429.
- ^ Lewis 2002, p. 223.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 168.
- ^ Fagen 2003, p. 438.
Referințe
[modificare | modificare sursă]- American Film Institute (). The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States: Feature Films, 1961–1970. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20970-1.
- Basinger, Jeanine; Arnold, Jeremy (). The World War II Combat Film: Anatomy of a Genre
. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-6623-2.
- Boggs, Johnny D (). Jesse James and the Movies. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-4788-6.
- Bristow, Allen P. (). Whispering Smith His Life and Misadventures. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0-86534-551-5.
- Cozad, W. Lee (). More Magnificent Mountain Movies. Lake Arrowhead, CA: Sunstroke Media. ISBN 978-0-9723372-3-6.
- DiLeo, John (). 100 Great Film Performances You Should Remember – But Probably Don't. New York, NY: Limelight Editions. ISBN 978-0-87910-972-1.
- Dippie, Brian W (). Charlie Russell Roundup: Essays on America's Favorite Cowboy Artist. Helena, MT: Montana Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-917298-46-2.
- Edwards, Paul M (). A Guide to Films on the Korean War. Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-30316-6.
- Fagen, Herb (). The Encyclopedia of Westerns. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4457-3.
- Gossett, Sue (). The Films and Career of Audie Murphy. Madison, NC: Empire Publishing. ISBN 978-0-944019-22-1.
- Graham, Don (). No Name on the Bullet. New York, NY: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-81511-1.
- Herzberg, Bob (). Shooting Scripts. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-2173-2.
- Hoffman, Henryk (). Western Movie References in American Literature. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-6638-2.
- Huebner, Andrew J (). The Warrior Image: Soldiers in American Culture from the Second World War to the Vietnam Era. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3144-1.
- Lewis, C. Jack (). White Horse, Black Hat: A Quarter Century on Hollywood's Poverty Row. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4358-5.
- Lucas, John Meredyth (). Eighty Odd Years in Hollywood: Memoir of a Career in Film and Television. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-1838-1.
- Maltin, Leonard (). Leonard Maltin's 2009 Movie Guide. New York, NY: Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-28978-9.
- Mirisch, Walter (). I Thought We Were Making Movies, Not History. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-22640-4.
- Niemi, Robert (). History in the Media: Film And Television. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-952-2.
- Nott, Robert (). Last of the Cowboy Heroes: The Westerns of Randolph Scott, Joel McCrea, and Audie Murphy. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-2261-6.
- O'Connor, John E.; Rollins, Peter C (). Why We Fought: America's Wars in Film and History. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2493-3.
- Pitts, Michael R. (). Western Movies: A Guide to 5,105 Feature Films. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-6372-5.
- Rausch, Andrew J.; Dequina, Michael (). Fifty Filmmakers: Conversations With Directors from Roger Avary to Steven Zaillian. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-3149-6.
- Roberts, Jerry (). Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6378-1.
- Ross, Lillian (). Picture. New York, NY: Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-679-60254-5.
- Simpson, Harold B. (). Audie Murphy, American Soldier. Hillsboro, TX: Hill Jr. College Press. ISBN 978-0-912172-20-0.
- Smith, Ronald L (). Horror Stars on Radio: The Broadcast Histories of 29 Chilling Hollywood Voices. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-5729-8.
- Spearman, Frank H. (). Whispering Smith. New York, NY: Scribner. OCLC 858276051.
- Starr, Kevin (). Embattled Dreams: California in War and Peace, 1940–1950. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516897-6.
- Tate, J. R (). Walkin' with the Ghost Whisperers. Philadelphia, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-4544-4.
- Terrace, Vincent (). Encyclopedia of Television: Series, Pilots and Specials 1974–1984. New York, NY: Zoetrope. ISBN 978-0-918432-61-2.
- Terrace, Vincent (). Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936–2012. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-7444-8.
- Tracey, Grant (). Filmography of American History. Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-31300-4.
- Yoggy, Gary A. (). Back in the Saddle: Essays on Western Film and Television Actors. Jefferson, NC: Mcfarland & Co Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-0566-4.
- Young, William H; Young, Nancy K (). World War II and the Postwar Years in America: A Historical and Cultural Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35652-0.
Lectură suplimentară
[modificare | modificare sursă]- Williamson, Thames (). The Woods Colt : a Novel of the Ozark Hills. Harcourt, Brace and Company. OCLC 1399074.
- Hargrove, Marion; Williamson, Thames (). Final script : "The Woods Colt". Audie Murphy Productions. OCLC 40402371.