US20030195179A1 - Aqueous suspension preparations - Google Patents

Aqueous suspension preparations Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20030195179A1
US20030195179A1 US10/362,473 US36247303A US2003195179A1 US 20030195179 A1 US20030195179 A1 US 20030195179A1 US 36247303 A US36247303 A US 36247303A US 2003195179 A1 US2003195179 A1 US 2003195179A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
aqueous suspension
polyvinylpyrrolidone
suspension according
drug
drugs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/362,473
Inventor
Shirou Sawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Senju Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Senju Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Senju Pharmaceutical Co Ltd filed Critical Senju Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Assigned to SENJU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. reassignment SENJU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SAWA, SHIROU
Publication of US20030195179A1 publication Critical patent/US20030195179A1/en
Priority to US12/484,636 priority Critical patent/US8658703B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0046—Ear
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
    • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
    • A61K31/573—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0043—Nose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/12—Ophthalmic agents for cataracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound which are added to prevent a hardly soluble drug from adhering to a container and forming aggregates.
  • Aqueous suspensions often have problems such as difficulty in redispersion due to aggregation of drug particles, formation of macro crystals from suspended particles or formation of secondary particles from deposited particles, any of which could take place during long-term storage or when they are exposed to temporary heating or fluctuation of temperature/humidity.
  • some types of suspended particles adhere to or get adsorbed by the walls of a plastic container and could thus cause a problem of unstable concentration of the drug contained in the aqueous suspensions.
  • EP0995435A1 (WO 98/51281) that an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility is obtained by addition of a water-soluble macromolecular compound within a concentration range from the concentration at which the surface tension of the aqueous suspension begins to decrease up to the concentration at which the reduction in the surface tension ceases.
  • this method cannot be used, either, when addition of higher concentrations of the macromolecular compound is needed for other reasons, e.g., for improvement of the retention of a drug.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility.
  • the present invention relates:
  • An aqueous suspension comprising a hardly soluble drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound,
  • the hardly soluble drug is at least one selected from steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics, chemotherapeutics, synthetic antimicrobials, antivirals, hormones, anti-cataract drugs, neovascularization suppressants, immunosuppressants, protease inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, antiallergics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antitumor drugs, anti-hyperlipemic drugs, antitussive-expectorants, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics, antiulcer drugs, antidepressants, cardiotonics, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators, antihypertensive-diuretics, antidiabetics, antituberculosis drugs, narcotic antagonists, drugs for dermatologic diseases and diagnostic drugs,
  • the steroidal antiinflammatory drug is at least one selected from cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, betamethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone propionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, loteprednol, fluorometholone, difluprednate, momethasone furoate, clobetasol propionate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluocinonide, amcinonide, halcinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, flumethasone pivalate and clobetasone acetate,
  • the antiphlogistic-analgesic is at least one selected from alclofenac, alminoprofen, indomethacin, epirizole, oxaprozin, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, diflunisal, naproxen, piroxicam, fenbufen, flufenamic acid, flurbiprofen, floctafenine, pentazocine, metiazinic acid, mefenamic acid, mofezolac, salicylic acid, sulpyrine, atropine, scopolamine, morphine, pethidine, levorphanol, oxymorphone and salts thereof,
  • the anionic polysaccharide is at least one selected from carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof, alginic acid or a salt thereof, chondroitin sulfate or a salt thereof, pectin and xanthan gum,
  • an aqueous suspension comprising a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof,
  • an aqueous suspension comprising an anti-cataract drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof,
  • an aqueous suspension comprising an antiphlogistic-analgesic, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof,
  • K15 K: intrinsic viscosity, i.e., Fikentscher's K-Value
  • K17 intrinsic viscosity, i.e., Fikentscher's K-Value
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 polyvinylpyrrolidone K30
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone K60 polyvinylpyrrolidone K90
  • anionic polysaccharides which are within the scope of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compounds used in the present invention include carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof, alginic acid and salts thereof, chondroitin sulfate and salts thereof, pectin and xanthan gum.
  • salts of carboxymethylcellulose include sodium salt and calcium salt.
  • salts of alginic acid include sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, and sodium-calcium salt.
  • salts of chondroitin sulfate include sodium salt, potassium salt and calcium salt.
  • Carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof or alginic acid and salts thereof are preferred, among which sodium alginate is particularly preferred.
  • anionic polyvinyl-based polymers which are within the scope of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compounds used in the present invention include carboxyvinyl polymers.
  • Example of anionic macromolecular polypeptides which are within the scope of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compounds used in the present invention include gelatin (type B).
  • the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone may be determined as desired between the lower limit of about 0.1 w/v %, preferably about 0.3 w/v % and the upper limit of about 10 w/v %, preferably about 5 w/v %, more preferably about 2 w/v %.
  • the concentration of a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound may be determined as desired between the lower limit of about 0.05 w/v %, preferably about 0.1 w/v %, more preferably about 0.2 w/v % and the upper limit, which is lower than those concentrations that trigger gel formation, specifically about 1.0 w/v %, preferably about 0.5 w/v %.
  • a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound it is preferably contained at a weight ratio of from about 0.01 to about 2.0 to the weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone when the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is from about 0.1 to about 10 w/v %, and more preferably at a weight ratio of 0.1-2.0 to the weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone when the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1-5.0 w/v %.
  • Examples of hardly soluble drugs used in the present invention may be those which exhibit solubility as defined by any of the terms, “sparingly soluble”, “slightly soluble”, “very slightly soluble” and “practically insoluble” set forth in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and any drugs are included which could be provided as aqueous suspensions in their final forms.
  • Examples of hardly soluble drugs used in the present invention include steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics, chemotherapeutics, synthetic antimicrobials, antivirals, hormones, anti-cataract drugs, neovascularization suppressants, immunosuppressants, protease inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, antiallergics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antitumor drugs, anti-hyperlipemic drugs, antitussive-expectorants, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics, antiulcer drugs, antidepressants, cardiotonics, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators, antihypertensive-diuretics, antidiabetics, antituberculosis drugs, narcotic antagonists, drugs for dermatologic diseases and diagnostic drugs, among which steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics and anti-cataract drugs are preferred.
  • steroidal antiinflammatory drugs include cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, betamethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone propionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, loteprednol, fluorometholone, difluprednate, momethasone furoate, clobetasol propionate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluocinonide, amcinonide, halcinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, flumethasone pivalate and clobetasone acetate, among which fluorometholone is preferred.
  • antiphlogistic-analgesics examples include alclofenac, alminoprofen, indomethacin, epirizole, oxaprozin, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, diflunisal, naproxen, piroxicam, fenbufen, flufenamic acid, flurbiprofen, floctafenine, pentazocine, metiazinic acid, mefenamic acid, mofezolac, salicylic acid, sulpyrine, atropine, scopolamine, morphine, pethidine, levorphanol, oxymorphone and salts thereof, among which indomethacin is preferred.
  • chemotherapeutics include sulfonamide antimicrobials such as salazosulfapyridine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethopyrazine and sulfamonomethoxine; synthetic antimicrobials such as enoxacin, ofloxacin, cinoxacin, sparfloxacin, thiamphenicol, nalidixic acid, tosufloxacin tosilate, norfloxacin, pipemidic acid trihydrate, piromidic acid, fleroxacin, revofloxacin; antivirals such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, didanosine, zidovudine, nevirapine, vidarabine, nelfinavir mesilate and ritonavir; antifungal agents such as itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, fluor
  • hormones include insulin zinc, testosterone propionate, estradiol benzoate, methimazole and estriol.
  • anti-cataract drugs include pirenoxine and N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L--valyl-L-leucinal.
  • neovascularization suppressants include fumagillin and derivatives thereof.
  • immunosuppressants include cyclosporine, rapamycin and taclorimus.
  • protease inhibitors include [L-3-trans-ethoxycarbonyloxysilane-2-carbonyl]-L-leucine(3-methylbutyl)-amide (E-64-d).
  • aldose reductase inhibitors include 5-(3-ethoxy-4-pentyloxyphenyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione.
  • antiallergics include tranilast, clemastine fumarate, mequitazine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, methdilazine, clemizole, diphenylpyraline and methoxyphenamine.
  • Examples of anxiolytics include diazepam, lorazepam and oxazepam.
  • antipsychotics include chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine and trifluperazine.
  • antibiotics examples include gentamicin, dibekacin, kanendomycin, lividomycin, tobramycin, amikacin, fradiomycin, sisomicin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefsulodin, cefinenoxime, cefinetazole, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, moxalactam, thienamycin, sulfazecin, azthreonam and salts thereof.
  • antitumor drugs include 6-O-(N-chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagilol, bleomycin, methotrexate, actinomycin D, mitomycin C, daunorubicin, adriamycin, neocarzinostatin, cytosine arabinoside, fluorouracil, tetrahydrofuryl-5-fluorouracil, picibanil, lentinan, levamisole, bestatin, azimexon and glycyrrhizin.
  • anti-hyperlipemic drugs examples include clofibrate and 2-chloro-3-[4-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropoxy)phenyl]propionic acid ethyl ester [Chemical And Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Chem. Pharm. Bull.), 38, 2792-2796 (1990)].
  • antitussive-expectorants include ephedrine, methylephedrine, noscapine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, alloclamide, chlorphedianol, picoperidamine, chloperastine, protokylol, isoproterenol, salbutamol, terbutaline, and salts thereof.
  • Examples of muscle relaxants include pridinol, tubocurarine and pancuronium.
  • Examples of antiepileptics include phenitoin, ethosuccimide, acetazolamide and chlordiazepoxide.
  • Examples of antiulcer drugs include synthetic aluminum silicate, aldioxa, lansoprazole and metoclopramide.
  • Examples of antidepressants include imipramine, clomipramine, noxiptyline and phenelzine.
  • Examples of cardiotonics include trans-n-oxocamphor, terephylol, aminophylline and etilefrine.
  • antiarrhythmic drugs examples include propranolol, alprenolol, bufetolol and oxprenolol.
  • vasodilators include oxyephedrine, diltiazem, tolazoline, hexobendine and bamethane.
  • antihypertensive-diuretics include hexamethonium bromide, pentolinium, mecamylamine, ecarazine, clonidine, diltiazem and nifedipine.
  • antidiabetics examples include glymidine, glipzide, fenformine, buformin and metformine.
  • antituberculosis drugs examples include isoniazid, ethambutol, para-aminosalicylic acid.
  • narcotic antagonists include levallorphan, nalorphine, naloxone and salts thereof.
  • drugs for dermatologic diseases include calamine and sulfur.
  • diagnostic drugs include barium sulfate.
  • concentrations of a hardly soluble drug in the present invention may be determined depending on the drug employed, the intended purpose and the way of application.
  • fluorometholone a steroidal antiinflammatory drug
  • Indomethacin an antiphlogistic-analgesic
  • Pirenoxine an anti-cataract drug
  • Pirenoxine an anti-cataract drug
  • Pirenoxine may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.001 to about 0.01 w/v % when used in the form of suspension-type eye drops for the incipient stage of senile cataract. Eye drops may be applied 3-5 times a day, 1-2 drops at a time.
  • betamethasone a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, when it is intravenously injected in the form of a suspension-type injection for rheumatic fever, it maybe prepared at a concentration of from about 0.4 to about 2.0 w/v % and administered in an amount of about 2-8 mg at a time and at intervals of 3-6 hours.
  • a suspension-type oral preparation for rheumatoid arthritis When it is used in the form of a suspension-type oral preparation for rheumatoid arthritis, it may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 0.05 w/v % and administered 1-4 times a day, with a daily dose being from about 0.5 to about 8 mg. Also, when it is used in the form of a suspension-type lotion for allergic eczema, it may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.06 to about 0.12 w/v % and applied from one to several times a day.
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound may be used as desired within the concentration ranges described hereinbefore, regardless of which hardly soluble drug is selected.
  • concentration ranges when used with a steroidal antiinflammatory drug are defined by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, for polyvinylpyrrolidone and by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, for alginic acid or salts thereof.
  • such ranges are defined by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, for polyvinylpyrrolidone and by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, for alginic acid or salts thereof.
  • the lower and the upper limit concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and that the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or salts thereof are about 0.2 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively.
  • the aqueous suspension of the present invention may further contain, as desired, for example, isotonizers (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, boric acid, borax, glucose, propylene glycol, etc.), buffers (phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, borate buffer, carbonate buffer, citrate buffer, tris buffer, glutamic acid, ⁇ -aminocaproic acid, sodium acetate, boric acid, borax, etc.), preservatives (chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium edetate, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, boric acid
  • isotonizers sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, boric acid
  • additives may be determined depending on which additives are chosen, and on their intended use, they may be added at concentrations that allows to accomplish the purpose of their addition.
  • an isotonizer may usually be added at a concentration of from about 0.5 to about 5.0 w/v % to give an osmotic pressures of from about 229 to about 343 mOs/Kg.H 2 O.
  • a buffer may generally be added at a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 2.0 w/v %, and a thickening agent, from about 0.01 to about 1.0 w/v %, a surfactant, from about 0.01 to about 10.0 w/v %, and a stabilizer, from about 0.001 to about 1.0 w/v %.
  • a pH adjusting agent may be added as desired to adjust the pH to a value of from about 3 to about 9, preferably from about 4 to about 8.
  • the excellent redispersibility of the aqueous suspension of the present invention allows itself to be used as a medicament (e.g., drugs for prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases) for a human and as a veterinary drug for other mammalian animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, dogs, bovines, pigs, etc.).
  • the aqueous suspension of the present invention may be used in the forms of eye drops, nasal drops, ear drops, an injection, an oral liquid preparation, a liniment and a lotion, among which eye drops are especially preferred.
  • PP polypropylene containers
  • PE polyethylene containers
  • X indicates that particles of fluorometholone adhered to the container and they did not redisperse even after being subjected to rotation of more than 100 rounds at 40 rpm on a variable mix rotor VMR-5 (mfd. by IUCHISEIEIDO).
  • ⁇ indicates that the particles of fluorometholone settled down but redispersed after being subjected to rotation of 25-40 rounds at 40 rpm on a variable mix rotor VMR-5 (mfd. by IUCHISEIEIDO).
  • ⁇ indicates that the particles of fluorometholone settled down but redispersed simply by inverting the container.
  • 0.1 w/v % fluorometholone suspensions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 and sodium alginate at different concentrations were filled in polypropylene containers. After storage for about 18 hours at about 60° C., the containers were repeatedly inverted and the number of times of the inversion was counted until the suspended particles redispersed and became non-adhesive to the container.
  • Test examples 1 and 2 revealed that at least certain concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate are both essential for the present invention.
  • TABLE 2 Results of redispersibility test of fluorometholone suspensions Sodium alginate (w/v %) 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.2 PVP 0 — — — — — — X (w/v %) 0.1 — — — — ⁇ (10 times) — 1.0 X X ⁇ (thrice) ⁇ (twice) — — 2.0 — — — — — ⁇ (once) — 5.0 — — — — ⁇ (once) — 10.0 — — — — — — ⁇ (once) —
  • X indicates that the particles of fluorometholone adhered to the container and did not redisperse.
  • ⁇ indicates that the particles of fluorometholone redispersed after inversion repeated the number of times indicated in the parentheses.
  • X indicates that the particles of pirenoxine adhered to the containers and did not redisperse.
  • ⁇ indicates that the particles of pirenoxine redispersed after inversion repeated the number of times indicated in the parentheses.
  • X indicates that the particles of indomethacin adhered to the containers and did not redisperse.
  • ⁇ indicates that the particles of indomethacin redispersed after inversion repeated the number of times indicated in the parentheses.
  • ⁇ indicates that the particles of indomethacin adhered to the containers in two cases in the triplicate experiment and did not redisperse, but redispersed in one case after inversion of 12 times.
  • the indomethacin suspensions showed container-dependency. Their redispersibility in the polypropylene containers was improved with sodium alginate at concentrations equal to or higher than 0.2 w/v %. In polyethylene containers, redispersibility was improved with polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30) alone, but further improved with polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30) and sodium alginate.
  • Sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, sodium alginate, boric acid, borax, sodium edetate and benzalkonium chloride are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved.
  • Dexamethasone then are added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives suspension-type nasal drops containing dexamethasone.
  • Betamethasone 0.8 g Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 0.5 g Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5 g Polysorbate 80 0.01 g Benzalkonium chloride 0.02 g Sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid q.s. Purified water to 100 mL pH 7.0
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polysorbate 80 and benzalkonium chloride are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved.
  • Betamethasone then is added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives a suspension-type injection containing betamethasone.
  • Estradiol benzoate 0.1 g Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 0.5 g Sodium alginate 0.5 g Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.05 g Sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid q.s. Purified water to 100 mL pH 6.5
  • Glycerol, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, sodium alginate and simple syrup are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved.
  • Synthetic aluminum silicate, aluminum oxide and bitter tincture then are added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer. Addition of water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives an oral suspension containing synthetic aluminum silicate.
  • Calamine lotion Calamine 8.0 g Zinc oxide 8.0 g Glycerol 2.0 mL Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 0.5 g Carboxymethylcellulose 0.2 g Bentonite 2.0 g Purified water 40.0 mL Limewater to 100 mL
  • Glycerol, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and carboxymethylcellulose are added to 40 mL of purified water and dissolved.
  • Calamine, zinc oxide and bentonite then are added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer. Addition of limewater to make the total volume of 100 mL and re-homogenization with a homogenizer gives a calamine lotion.
  • the aqueous suspension of the present invention prevents aggregation of drug particles, formation of macro crystal from suspended particles and formation of secondary particles from deposited particles, and blocks adhesion and adsorption to containers made of plastics such as polypropylene or polyethylene, and provides good redispersibility. It therefore can be used as a good aqueous suspension in the forms of eye drops, nasal drops, nasal drops, an injection, an oral preparation, a liniment, a lotion, etc.
  • the present invention is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-255000, the entire content of which is included in the present description.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

Addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound to an aqueous suspension of a hardly soluble drug allows to provide an aqueous suspension in which aggregation of drug particles, formation of macro crystals from suspended particles and formation of secondary particles from deposited particles are prevented, and adhesion and adsorption to containers made of plastics, e.g., polypropylene or polyethylene, are avoided. As it has a good redispersibility, the aqueous suspension is useful as eye drops, nasal drops, ear drops, injections, oral preparations, liniments and lotions.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound which are added to prevent a hardly soluble drug from adhering to a container and forming aggregates. [0001]
    • BACKGROUND ART
  • Aqueous suspensions often have problems such as difficulty in redispersion due to aggregation of drug particles, formation of macro crystals from suspended particles or formation of secondary particles from deposited particles, any of which could take place during long-term storage or when they are exposed to temporary heating or fluctuation of temperature/humidity. In addition, some types of suspended particles adhere to or get adsorbed by the walls of a plastic container and could thus cause a problem of unstable concentration of the drug contained in the aqueous suspensions. [0002]
  • To address these problems, measures have been taken in order to prevent formation of secondary particles by blocking sedimentation by reducing the size of the particles in suspension and increasing the viscosity of the dispersion medium with a water-soluble macromolecular compound, or to prevent aggregation of particles in the suspension by increasing the size of the particles in the suspension and thereby expanding the space between deposited particles. However, while it is not possible to completely prevent sedimentation of suspended particles by reducing the size of the particles in the suspension and increasing the viscosity of the dispersion medium, this measure could cause a problem by making it more difficult to redisperse particles which are once deposited from the suspension. On the other hand, increasing of the size of particles in the suspension would cause problems such as foreign body sensation upon application or clogging of a container nozzle or a syringe needle. [0003]
  • In this situation, it is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication H8-295622 that an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility can be obtained by addition of an ionic macromolecular compound such as carboxyvinyl polymer or carboxymethylcellulose and a metal cation such as sodium or potassium ion, and adjusting the viscosity to 100 cP. This method, however, cannot be used when high levels of viscosity is desired for improvement of the retention of a drug, because the redispersibility in this method is acquired by its low viscosity of 100 cP. [0004]
  • On the other hand, it is disclosed in EP0995435A1 (WO 98/51281) that an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility is obtained by addition of a water-soluble macromolecular compound within a concentration range from the concentration at which the surface tension of the aqueous suspension begins to decrease up to the concentration at which the reduction in the surface tension ceases. As it employs low concentrations of an aqueous macromolecular compound, this method cannot be used, either, when addition of higher concentrations of the macromolecular compound is needed for other reasons, e.g., for improvement of the retention of a drug. [0005]
  • Thus, there have been needs for an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility irrespective of its viscosity or of the amount of suspending and thickening agents such as water-soluble macromolecular compounds. [0006]
    • DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
  • The objective of the present invention is to provide an aqueous suspension with good redispersibility. [0007]
  • As a result of studies performed to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention surprisingly found that addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound improves the redispersibility of hardly soluble drugs in an aqueous suspension, and completed the present invention based on the finding. [0008]
  • Thus, the present invention relates: [0009]
  • (1) An aqueous suspension comprising a hardly soluble drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound, [0010]
  • (2) the aqueous suspension defined above in (1), wherein the lower and the upper limit concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, [0011]
  • (3) the aqueous suspension defined above in (1), wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1-5.0 w/v % and the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound is contained at a weight ratio of 0.1-2.0 to the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone, [0012]
  • (4) the aqueous suspension defined above in (2) or (3), wherein the hardly soluble drug is at least one selected from steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics, chemotherapeutics, synthetic antimicrobials, antivirals, hormones, anti-cataract drugs, neovascularization suppressants, immunosuppressants, protease inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, antiallergics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antitumor drugs, anti-hyperlipemic drugs, antitussive-expectorants, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics, antiulcer drugs, antidepressants, cardiotonics, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators, antihypertensive-diuretics, antidiabetics, antituberculosis drugs, narcotic antagonists, drugs for dermatologic diseases and diagnostic drugs, [0013]
  • (5) the aqueous suspension defined above in (4), wherein the hardly soluble drug is a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, [0014]
  • (6) the aqueous suspension defined above in (5), wherein the steroidal antiinflammatory drug is at least one selected from cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, betamethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone propionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, loteprednol, fluorometholone, difluprednate, momethasone furoate, clobetasol propionate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluocinonide, amcinonide, halcinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, flumethasone pivalate and clobetasone acetate, [0015]
  • (7) the aqueous suspension defined above in (4), wherein the hardly soluble drug is an anti-cataract drug, [0016]
  • (8) the aqueous suspension defined above in (7), wherein the anti-cataract drug is pirenoxine or N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L-valyl-L-leucinal, [0017]
  • (9) the aqueous suspension defined above in (4), wherein the hardly soluble drug is an antiphlogistic-analgesic, [0018]
  • (10) the aqueous suspension defined above in (9), wherein the antiphlogistic-analgesic is at least one selected from alclofenac, alminoprofen, indomethacin, epirizole, oxaprozin, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, diflunisal, naproxen, piroxicam, fenbufen, flufenamic acid, flurbiprofen, floctafenine, pentazocine, metiazinic acid, mefenamic acid, mofezolac, salicylic acid, sulpyrine, atropine, scopolamine, morphine, pethidine, levorphanol, oxymorphone and salts thereof, [0019]
  • (11) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(10), wherein the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound is at least one selected from anionic polysaccharides, anionic polyvinyl-based polymers and anionic macromolecular polypeptides, [0020]
  • (12) the aqueous suspension defined above in (11), wherein the anionic polysaccharide is at least one selected from carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof, alginic acid or a salt thereof, chondroitin sulfate or a salt thereof, pectin and xanthan gum, [0021]
  • (13) an aqueous suspension comprising a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof, [0022]
  • (14) the aqueous suspension defined above in (11), wherein the lower and the upper limit concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or a salt thereof are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, [0023]
  • (15) an aqueous suspension comprising an anti-cataract drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof, [0024]
  • (16) the aqueous suspension defined above in (15), wherein the lower and the upper concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or a salt thereof are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, [0025]
  • (17) the aqueous suspension defined above in (16), wherein the anti-cataract drug is pirenoxine, [0026]
  • (18) an aqueous suspension comprising an antiphlogistic-analgesic, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof, [0027]
  • (19) the aqueous suspension defined above in (18), wherein the lower and the upper concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or a salt thereof are about 0.2 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, [0028]
  • (20) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of eye drops, [0029]
  • (21) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of nasal drops, [0030]
  • (22) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of ear drops, [0031]
  • (23) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of an injection, [0032]
  • (24) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of an oral preparation, [0033]
  • (25) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of a liniment, [0034]
  • (26) the aqueous suspension defined above in one of (1)-(19), wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of a lotion, [0035]
  • (27) a method for improving the redispersibility of an aqueous suspension of a hardly soluble drug comprising addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound to the aqueous suspension, [0036]
  • (28) the method defined above in (27), wherein the lower and the upper concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, and [0037]
  • (29) the method defined above in (27), wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1-5.0 w/v % and the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound is contained at a weight ratio of 0.1-2.0 to the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone. [0038]
  • Examples of polyvinylpyrrolidone (INN: povidon) used in the present invention include, e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone K15 (K: intrinsic viscosity, i.e., Fikentscher's K-Value), polyvinylpyrrolidone K17, polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, polyvinylpyrrolidone K60 and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90, among which polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 are preferable. [0039]
  • Examples of anionic polysaccharides which are within the scope of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compounds used in the present invention include carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof, alginic acid and salts thereof, chondroitin sulfate and salts thereof, pectin and xanthan gum. Examples of salts of carboxymethylcellulose include sodium salt and calcium salt. Examples of salts of alginic acid include sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, and sodium-calcium salt. Examples of salts of chondroitin sulfate include sodium salt, potassium salt and calcium salt. Carboxymethylcellulose and salts thereof or alginic acid and salts thereof are preferred, among which sodium alginate is particularly preferred. [0040]
  • Examples of anionic polyvinyl-based polymers which are within the scope of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compounds used in the present invention include carboxyvinyl polymers. [0041]
  • Example of anionic macromolecular polypeptides which are within the scope of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compounds used in the present invention include gelatin (type B). [0042]
  • The concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone may be determined as desired between the lower limit of about 0.1 w/v %, preferably about 0.3 w/v % and the upper limit of about 10 w/v %, preferably about 5 w/v %, more preferably about 2 w/v %. The concentration of a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound may be determined as desired between the lower limit of about 0.05 w/v %, preferably about 0.1 w/v %, more preferably about 0.2 w/v % and the upper limit, which is lower than those concentrations that trigger gel formation, specifically about 1.0 w/v %, preferably about 0.5 w/v %. [0043]
  • As for a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound, it is preferably contained at a weight ratio of from about 0.01 to about 2.0 to the weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone when the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is from about 0.1 to about 10 w/v %, and more preferably at a weight ratio of 0.1-2.0 to the weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone when the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1-5.0 w/v %. [0044]
  • Examples of hardly soluble drugs used in the present invention may be those which exhibit solubility as defined by any of the terms, “sparingly soluble”, “slightly soluble”, “very slightly soluble” and “practically insoluble” set forth in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and any drugs are included which could be provided as aqueous suspensions in their final forms. [0045]
  • Examples of hardly soluble drugs used in the present invention include steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics, chemotherapeutics, synthetic antimicrobials, antivirals, hormones, anti-cataract drugs, neovascularization suppressants, immunosuppressants, protease inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, antiallergics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antitumor drugs, anti-hyperlipemic drugs, antitussive-expectorants, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics, antiulcer drugs, antidepressants, cardiotonics, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators, antihypertensive-diuretics, antidiabetics, antituberculosis drugs, narcotic antagonists, drugs for dermatologic diseases and diagnostic drugs, among which steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics and anti-cataract drugs are preferred. Examples of steroidal antiinflammatory drugs include cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, betamethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone propionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, loteprednol, fluorometholone, difluprednate, momethasone furoate, clobetasol propionate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluocinonide, amcinonide, halcinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, flumethasone pivalate and clobetasone acetate, among which fluorometholone is preferred. Examples of antiphlogistic-analgesics include alclofenac, alminoprofen, indomethacin, epirizole, oxaprozin, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, diflunisal, naproxen, piroxicam, fenbufen, flufenamic acid, flurbiprofen, floctafenine, pentazocine, metiazinic acid, mefenamic acid, mofezolac, salicylic acid, sulpyrine, atropine, scopolamine, morphine, pethidine, levorphanol, oxymorphone and salts thereof, among which indomethacin is preferred. Examples of chemotherapeutics include sulfonamide antimicrobials such as salazosulfapyridine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethopyrazine and sulfamonomethoxine; synthetic antimicrobials such as enoxacin, ofloxacin, cinoxacin, sparfloxacin, thiamphenicol, nalidixic acid, tosufloxacin tosilate, norfloxacin, pipemidic acid trihydrate, piromidic acid, fleroxacin, revofloxacin; antivirals such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, didanosine, zidovudine, nevirapine, vidarabine, nelfinavir mesilate and ritonavir; antifungal agents such as itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, flucytosine, miconazole and pimaricin. Examples of hormones include insulin zinc, testosterone propionate, estradiol benzoate, methimazole and estriol. Examples of anti-cataract drugs include pirenoxine and N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L--valyl-L-leucinal. Examples of neovascularization suppressants include fumagillin and derivatives thereof. Examples of immunosuppressants include cyclosporine, rapamycin and taclorimus. Examples of protease inhibitors include [L-3-trans-ethoxycarbonyloxysilane-2-carbonyl]-L-leucine(3-methylbutyl)-amide (E-64-d). Examples of aldose reductase inhibitors include 5-(3-ethoxy-4-pentyloxyphenyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione. Examples of antiallergics include tranilast, clemastine fumarate, mequitazine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, methdilazine, clemizole, diphenylpyraline and methoxyphenamine. Examples of anxiolytics include diazepam, lorazepam and oxazepam. Examples of antipsychotics include chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine and trifluperazine. Examples of antibiotics include gentamicin, dibekacin, kanendomycin, lividomycin, tobramycin, amikacin, fradiomycin, sisomicin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefsulodin, cefinenoxime, cefinetazole, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftizoxime, moxalactam, thienamycin, sulfazecin, azthreonam and salts thereof. Examples of antitumor drugs include 6-O-(N-chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagilol, bleomycin, methotrexate, actinomycin D, mitomycin C, daunorubicin, adriamycin, neocarzinostatin, cytosine arabinoside, fluorouracil, tetrahydrofuryl-5-fluorouracil, picibanil, lentinan, levamisole, bestatin, azimexon and glycyrrhizin. Examples of anti-hyperlipemic drugs include clofibrate and 2-chloro-3-[4-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropoxy)phenyl]propionic acid ethyl ester [Chemical And Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Chem. Pharm. Bull.), 38, 2792-2796 (1990)]. Examples of antitussive-expectorants include ephedrine, methylephedrine, noscapine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, alloclamide, chlorphedianol, picoperidamine, chloperastine, protokylol, isoproterenol, salbutamol, terbutaline, and salts thereof. Examples of muscle relaxants include pridinol, tubocurarine and pancuronium. Examples of antiepileptics include phenitoin, ethosuccimide, acetazolamide and chlordiazepoxide. Examples of antiulcer drugs include synthetic aluminum silicate, aldioxa, lansoprazole and metoclopramide. Examples of antidepressants include imipramine, clomipramine, noxiptyline and phenelzine. Examples of cardiotonics include trans-n-oxocamphor, terephylol, aminophylline and etilefrine. Examples of antiarrhythmic drugs include propranolol, alprenolol, bufetolol and oxprenolol. Examples of vasodilators include oxyephedrine, diltiazem, tolazoline, hexobendine and bamethane. Examples of antihypertensive-diuretics include hexamethonium bromide, pentolinium, mecamylamine, ecarazine, clonidine, diltiazem and nifedipine. Examples of antidiabetics include glymidine, glipzide, fenformine, buformin and metformine. Examples of antituberculosis drugs include isoniazid, ethambutol, para-aminosalicylic acid. Examples of narcotic antagonists include levallorphan, nalorphine, naloxone and salts thereof. Examples of drugs for dermatologic diseases include calamine and sulfur. Examples of diagnostic drugs include barium sulfate. [0046]
  • The concentrations of a hardly soluble drug in the present invention may be determined depending on the drug employed, the intended purpose and the way of application. For example, fluorometholone, a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.02 to about 0.1 w/v % when used in the form of suspension-type eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Indomethacin, an antiphlogistic-analgesic, may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 1.0 w/v % when used in the form of suspension-type eye drops for postoperative inflammation. Pirenoxine, an anti-cataract drug, may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.001 to about 0.01 w/v % when used in the form of suspension-type eye drops for the incipient stage of senile cataract. Eye drops may be applied 3-5 times a day, 1-2 drops at a time. As to betamethasone, a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, when it is intravenously injected in the form of a suspension-type injection for rheumatic fever, it maybe prepared at a concentration of from about 0.4 to about 2.0 w/v % and administered in an amount of about 2-8 mg at a time and at intervals of 3-6 hours. When it is used in the form of a suspension-type oral preparation for rheumatoid arthritis, it may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 0.05 w/v % and administered 1-4 times a day, with a daily dose being from about 0.5 to about 8 mg. Also, when it is used in the form of a suspension-type lotion for allergic eczema, it may be prepared at a concentration of from about 0.06 to about 0.12 w/v % and applied from one to several times a day. [0047]
  • As to the relation between a hardly soluble drug and the concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound in the aqueous suspension of the present invention, polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound may be used as desired within the concentration ranges described hereinbefore, regardless of which hardly soluble drug is selected. Their particularly preferable concentration ranges when used with a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, for example, are defined by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, for polyvinylpyrrolidone and by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, for alginic acid or salts thereof. When used with an anti-cataract drug, such ranges are defined by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, for polyvinylpyrrolidone and by the lower and the upper limit concentrations of about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively, for alginic acid or salts thereof. When used with an antiphlogistic-analgesic, it is preferable that the lower and the upper limit concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and that the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or salts thereof are about 0.2 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively. [0048]
  • In addition to a hardly soluble drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound, the aqueous suspension of the present invention may further contain, as desired, for example, isotonizers (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, boric acid, borax, glucose, propylene glycol, etc.), buffers (phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, borate buffer, carbonate buffer, citrate buffer, tris buffer, glutamic acid, ε-aminocaproic acid, sodium acetate, boric acid, borax, etc.), preservatives (chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium edetate, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, boric acid, borax, etc.), thickening agents (hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylalcohol, polyethylene glycol, etc.) surfactants (polysorbate 80, polyoxyethylenehydrogenated castor oil, tyloxapol, polyethylene glycol monostearate, sucrose fatty acid ester, etc.), stabilizers (sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium edetate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, ascorbic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene, boric acid, borax, etc.), topical astringents (zinc oxide, bismuth subgallate, etc.), topical antiphlogistic-analgesics (d-camphor, dl-camphor, dl-menthol, etc.), dispersion stabilizers (bentonite, tragacanth, gum arabic, gelatin, etc.), pH adjusting agents (hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, etc.), flavoring agents (simple syrup, lactose, glucose, honey, bitter tincture, etc.), sweetening agents (fructose, xylitol, sorbitol, simple syrup, lactose, etc.) and aromatic substances (orange oil, spearmint oil, lemon oil, rose oil, menthol, peppermint oil, etc.). [0049]
  • Though the amount of these additives may be determined depending on which additives are chosen, and on their intended use, they may be added at concentrations that allows to accomplish the purpose of their addition. Thus, for example, an isotonizer may usually be added at a concentration of from about 0.5 to about 5.0 w/v % to give an osmotic pressures of from about 229 to about 343 mOs/Kg.H[0050] 2O. Likewise, a buffer may generally be added at a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 2.0 w/v %, and a thickening agent, from about 0.01 to about 1.0 w/v %, a surfactant, from about 0.01 to about 10.0 w/v %, and a stabilizer, from about 0.001 to about 1.0 w/v %. A pH adjusting agent may be added as desired to adjust the pH to a value of from about 3 to about 9, preferably from about 4 to about 8.
  • The excellent redispersibility of the aqueous suspension of the present invention allows itself to be used as a medicament (e.g., drugs for prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases) for a human and as a veterinary drug for other mammalian animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, monkeys, dogs, bovines, pigs, etc.). [0051]
  • The aqueous suspension of the present invention may be used in the forms of eye drops, nasal drops, ear drops, an injection, an oral liquid preparation, a liniment and a lotion, among which eye drops are especially preferred. [0052]
    • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the test examples and the working examples.[0053]
    • TEST EXAMPLE 1 Redispersibility Test
  • (Test Methods) [0054]
  • 0.1 w/v % fluorometholone suspensions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 and sodium alginate at different concentrations were filled in polypropylene and polyethylene containers, kept at about 60° C. for about 18 hours, and their appearance and redispersibility then were examined. [0055]
  • (Test Results) [0056]
  • The results are shown in Table 1. [0057]
    TABLE 1
    Results of redispersibility test of fluorometholone suspensions
    Sodium alginate (w/v %)
    0 0.1 0.3 0.5
    PP PE PP PE PP PE PP PE
    PVP 0.1 X X — — — — — —
    (w/v %) 0.3 X X ◯ ⊚ ◯ ⊚ ◯ ⊚
    0.5 X X ◯ ⊚ ◯ ⊚ ◯ ⊚
    1.0 X X ◯ ⊚ ◯ ⊚ ◯ ⊚
  • PVP: polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 [0058]
  • PP: polypropylene containers [0059]
  • PE: polyethylene containers [0060]
  • In the table, X indicates that particles of fluorometholone adhered to the container and they did not redisperse even after being subjected to rotation of more than 100 rounds at 40 rpm on a variable mix rotor VMR-5 (mfd. by IUCHISEIEIDO). [0061]
  • In the table, ◯ indicates that the particles of fluorometholone settled down but redispersed after being subjected to rotation of 25-40 rounds at 40 rpm on a variable mix rotor VMR-5 (mfd. by IUCHISEIEIDO). [0062]
  • In the table, ⊚ indicates that the particles of fluorometholone settled down but redispersed simply by inverting the container. [0063]
  • In the fluorometholone suspensions to which was added polyvinylpyrrolidone alone, aggregation occurred and the particles, which adhered to the container, did not redisperse. In the fluorometholone suspension to which were added polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate, the particles showed no adhesion to the container and redispersed. [0064]
    • TEST EXAMPLE 2 Redispersibility Test
  • (Test Methods) [0065]
  • 0.1 w/v % fluorometholone suspensions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 and sodium alginate at different concentrations were filled in polypropylene containers. After storage for about 18 hours at about 60° C., the containers were repeatedly inverted and the number of times of the inversion was counted until the suspended particles redispersed and became non-adhesive to the container. [0066]
  • (Test Results) [0067]
  • The results are shown in Table 2. Good redispersion of fluorometholone was observed with 0.1 w/v % or more polyvinylpyrrolidone (K25) and 0.05 w/v % or more sodium alginate. In contrast, in the preparations containing 0.2 w/v % sodium alginate but no polyvinylpyrrolidone (K25), fluorometholone floated on the surface of the aqueous solution and no homogeneous suspension was obtained. The floating fluorometholone aggregated with the lapse of time. [0068]
  • Test examples 1 and 2 revealed that at least certain concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium alginate are both essential for the present invention. [0069]
    TABLE 2
    Results of redispersibility test of fluorometholone suspensions
    Sodium alginate (w/v %)
    0.01 0.03 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.2
    PVP 0 — — — — — X
    (w/v %) 0.1 — — — — ◯(10 times) —
    1.0 X X ◯(thrice) ◯(twice) — —
    2.0 — — — — ◯(once) —
    5.0 — — — — ◯(once) —
    10.0 — — — — ◯(once) —
  • In the table, X indicates that the particles of fluorometholone adhered to the container and did not redisperse. [0070]
  • In the table, ◯ indicates that the particles of fluorometholone redispersed after inversion repeated the number of times indicated in the parentheses. [0071]
    • TEST EXAMPLE 3 Redispersibility Test
  • (Test Methods) [0072]
  • To a 0.005 w/v % of pirenoxine suspension containing 1.0 w/v % of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 was added sodium alginate at different concentrations, and the mixtures were filled in polypropylene and polyethylene containers. After storage for about 18 hours at about 60° C., the containers were repeatedly inverted and the number of times of the inversion was counted until the suspended particles redispersed and became non-adhesive to the container. [0073]
  • The formulae of the pirenoxine suspension are shown in Table 3. [0074]
    TABLE 3
    Formulae of pirenoxine suspensions
    Formula Nos. P-0 P-1 P-5
    Pirenoxine 0.005 g 0.005 g 0.005 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 1.0 g 1.0 g 1.0 g
    Sodium alginate — 0.1 g 0.1 g
    Hydrochloric acid q.s. q.s. q.s.
    Sodium hydroxide q.s. q.s. q.s.
    Purified water q.s. q.s. q.s.
    Total amount 100 mL 100 mL 100 mL
    pH 4.0 4.0 4.0
  • (Test Results) [0075]
  • The results are shown in Table 4. [0076]
    TABLE 4
    Results of redispersibility test of pirenoxine suspensions
    Formula Nos.
    P-0 P-1 P-5
    Polypropylene containers x ∘ ∘
    (thrice) (once)
    Polyethylene containers x ∘ ∘
    (twice) (once)
  • In the table, X indicates that the particles of pirenoxine adhered to the containers and did not redisperse. [0077]
  • In the table, ◯ indicates that the particles of pirenoxine redispersed after inversion repeated the number of times indicated in the parentheses. [0078]
  • In the pirenoxine suspension to which polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30) alone was added, aggregation occurred in either containers, and the particles did not redisperse and remained adhering to the containers. In the pirenoxine suspension to which polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30) and sodium alginate were added, particles did not adhere to the container and redispersed after a few times of inversion. [0079]
    • TEST EXAMPLE 4 Redispersibility Test
  • (Test Method) [0080]
  • To a 0.5 w/v % of indomethacin suspension containing 1.0 w/v % of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 was added sodium alginate at different concentrations, and the mixtures were filled in polypropylene and polyethylene containers. After storage for about 18 hours at about 60° C., the containers were repeatedly inverted and the number of times of the inversion was counted until the suspended particles redispersed and became non-adhesive to the container. [0081]
  • The formulae of the indomethacin suspensions are shown in Table 5. [0082]
    TABLE 5
    Formulae of indomethacin suspensions
    Formula Nos. I-0 I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 I-5
    Indomethacin 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g
    Sodium acetate 0.1 g 0.1 g 0.1 g 0.1 g 0.1 g 0.1 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 1.0 g 1.0 g 1.0 g 1.0 g 1.0 g 1.0 g
    Sodium alginate — 0.1 g 0.2 g 0.3 g 0.4 g 0.5 g
    Hydrochloric acid q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.
    Sodium hydroxide q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.
    Purified water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.
    Total amount 100 mL 100 mL 100 mL 100 mL 100 mL 100 mL
    pH 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
  • (Test Results) [0083]
  • The results are shown in Table 6. [0084]
    TABLE 6
    Results of redispersibility test of indomethacin suspensions
    Formula Nos.
    I-0 I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 I-5
    Polypropylene X Δ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯
    containers (9 (5 (5 (5
    times) times) times) times)
    Polyethylene ◯ ◯ — — — ◯
    containers (10 (thrice) (twice)
    times)
  • In the table, X indicates that the particles of indomethacin adhered to the containers and did not redisperse. [0085]
  • In the table, ◯ indicates that the particles of indomethacin redispersed after inversion repeated the number of times indicated in the parentheses. [0086]
  • In the table, Δ indicates that the particles of indomethacin adhered to the containers in two cases in the triplicate experiment and did not redisperse, but redispersed in one case after inversion of 12 times. [0087]
  • The indomethacin suspensions showed container-dependency. Their redispersibility in the polypropylene containers was improved with sodium alginate at concentrations equal to or higher than 0.2 w/v %. In polyethylene containers, redispersibility was improved with polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30) alone, but further improved with polyvinylpyrrolidone (K30) and sodium alginate. [0088]
  • The above results revealed that hardly soluble drugs can be made into suspensions with good redispersibility by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and an water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound. [0089]
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • Eye Drops [0090]
    Fluorometholone 0.1 g
    Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dihydrate 0.1 g
    Sodium chloride 0.8 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 0.5 g
    Sodium alginate 0.2 g
    Polysorbate 80 0.1 g
    Benzalkonium chloride 0.005 g
    Sodium hydroxide q.s.
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 7.0
  • Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dihydrate, sodium chloride, polysorbate 80, polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, sodium alginate and benzalkonium chloride were added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with sodium hydroxide. Fluorometholone then was added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gave suspension-type eye drops containing fluorometholone. [0091]
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • Eye Drops [0092]
    Indomethacin 0.5 g
    Sodium acetate 0.1 g
    Sodium chloride 0.8 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 1.0 g
    Sodium alginate 0.5 g
    Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.026 g
    Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.014 g
    Hydrochloric acid q.s.
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 5.0
  • Sodium acetate, sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, sodium alginate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate were added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. Indomethacin then was added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH was adjusted to 5 with hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gave suspension-type eye drops containing indomethacin. [0093]
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • Eye Drops [0094]
    Pirenoxine 0.005 g
    Sodium acetate 0.1 g
    Sodium chloride 0.8 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 1.0 g
    Sodium alginate 0.1 g
    Benzalkonium chloride 0.005 g
    Hydrochloric acid q.s.
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 4.0
  • Sodium acetate, sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, sodium alginate and benzalkonium chloride were added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. Pirenoxine then was added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gave suspension-type eye drops containing pirenoxine. [0095]
    • EXAMPLE 4
  • Nasal Drops [0096]
    Dexamethasone 0.1 g
    Sodium chloride 0.5 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 1.0 g
    Sodium alginate 0.2 g
    Boric acid 0.7 g
    Borax q.s.
    Sodium edetate 0.0005 g
    Benzalkonium chloride 0.0005 g
    Sodium chloride/hydrochloric acid q.s.
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 7.0
  • Sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, sodium alginate, boric acid, borax, sodium edetate and benzalkonium chloride are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. Dexamethasone then are added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives suspension-type nasal drops containing dexamethasone. [0097]
    • EXAMPLE 5
  • Ear Drops [0098]
    Fradiomycin 1.0 g
    Boric acid 0.7 g
    Borax q.s.
    Sodium chloride 0.5 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 0.5 g
    Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.1 g
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 6.5
  • Boric acid, sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and carboxymethylcellulose are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. After borax is dissolved and pH adjusted to 6.5, fradiomycin is added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives suspension-type ear drops containing fradiomycin. [0099]
    • EXAMPLE 6
  • Injection [0100]
    Betamethasone 0.8 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 0.5 g
    Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5 g
    Polysorbate 80 0.01 g
    Benzalkonium chloride 0.02 g
    Sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid q.s.
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 7.0
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polysorbate 80 and benzalkonium chloride are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. Betamethasone then is added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives a suspension-type injection containing betamethasone. [0101]
    • EXAMPLE 7
  • Injection [0102]
    Estradiol benzoate 0.1 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 0.5 g
    Sodium alginate 0.5 g
    Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.05 g
    Sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid q.s.
    Purified water to 100 mL
    pH 6.5
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, sodium alginate and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. Estradiol benzoate then is added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer, and the pH adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide/hydrochloric acid. Addition of purified water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives a suspension-type injection containing estradiol benzoate. [0103]
    • EXAMPLE 8
  • Oral Suspension [0104]
    Synthetic aluminum silicate 5.0 g
    Aluminum oxide 1.2 g
    Bitter tincture 2.0 mL
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 1.0 g
    Sodium alginate 0.2 g
    Simple syrup 8.0 mL
    Purified water to 100 mL
  • Glycerol, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, sodium alginate and simple syrup are added to about 80 mL of purified water and dissolved. Synthetic aluminum silicate, aluminum oxide and bitter tincture then are added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer. Addition of water to make the total volume of 100 mL gives an oral suspension containing synthetic aluminum silicate. [0105]
    • EXAMPLE 9
  • [0106]
    Calamine lotion
    Calamine 8.0 g
    Zinc oxide 8.0 g
    Glycerol 2.0 mL
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 0.5 g
    Carboxymethylcellulose 0.2 g
    Bentonite 2.0 g
    Purified water 40.0 mL
    Limewater to 100 mL
  • Glycerol, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and carboxymethylcellulose are added to 40 mL of purified water and dissolved. Calamine, zinc oxide and bentonite then are added and homogeneously suspended with a homogenizer. Addition of limewater to make the total volume of 100 mL and re-homogenization with a homogenizer gives a calamine lotion. [0107]
    • INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
  • The aqueous suspension of the present invention prevents aggregation of drug particles, formation of macro crystal from suspended particles and formation of secondary particles from deposited particles, and blocks adhesion and adsorption to containers made of plastics such as polypropylene or polyethylene, and provides good redispersibility. It therefore can be used as a good aqueous suspension in the forms of eye drops, nasal drops, nasal drops, an injection, an oral preparation, a liniment, a lotion, etc. [0108]
  • The present invention is described above in detail with reference to a limited number of specific embodiments. As it would be possible for those skilled in the art to make various changes and modifications to the above-described specific embodiments without substantially departing from the scope of the novel teachings and advantages provided by the present invention, the all of such changes and modifications are also included within the spirit and scope of the present invention which is defined by the appended claims. [0109]
  • The present invention is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-255000, the entire content of which is included in the present description. [0110]

Claims (29)

1. An aqueous suspension comprising a hardly soluble drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound.
2. The aqueous suspension according to claim 1, wherein the lower and the upper limit concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively.
3. The aqueous suspension according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1-5.0 w/v % and the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound is contained at a weight ratio of 0.1-2.0 to the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
4. The aqueous suspension according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the hardly soluble drug is at least one selected from steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antiphlogistic-analgesics, chemotherapeutics, synthetic antimicrobials, antivirals, hormones, anti-cataract drugs, neovascularization suppressants, immunosuppressants, protease inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, antiallergics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antitumor drugs, anti-hyperlipemic drugs, antitussive-expectorants, muscle relaxants, antiepileptics, antiulcer drugs, antidepressants, cardiotonics, antiarrhythmic drugs, vasodilators, antihypertensive-diuretics, antidiabetics, antituberculosis drugs, narcotic antagonists, drugs for dermatologic diseases and diagnostic drugs.
5. The aqueous suspension according to claim 4, wherein the hardly soluble drug is a steroidal antiinflammatory drug.
6. The aqueous suspension according to claim 5, wherein the steroidal antiinflammatory drug is at least one selected from cortisone acetate, hydrocortisone acetate, betamethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone propionate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, loteprednol, fluorometholone, difluprednate, momethasone furoate, clobetasol propionate, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluocinonide, amcinonide, halcinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, flumethasone pivalate and clobetasone acetate.
7. The aqueous suspension according to claim 4, wherein the hardly soluble drug is an anti-cataract drug.
8. The aqueous suspension according to claim 7, wherein the anti-cataract drug is pirenoxine or N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L-valyl-L-leucinal.
9. The aqueous suspension according to claim 4, wherein the hardly soluble drug is an antiphlogistic-analgesic.
10. The aqueous suspension according to claim 9, wherein the antiphlogistic-analgesic is at least one selected from alclofenac, alminoprofen, indomethacin, epirizole, oxaprozin, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, diflunisal, naproxen, piroxicam, fenbufen, flufenamic acid, flurbiprofen, floctafenine, pentazocine, metiazinic acid, mefenamic acid, mofezolac, salicylic acid, sulpyrine, atropine, scopolamine, morphine, pethidine, levorphanol, oxymorphone and salts thereof.
11. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-10, wherein the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound is at least one selected from anionic polysaccharides, anionic polyvinyl-based polymers and anionic macromolecular polypeptides.
12. The aqueous suspension according to claim 11, wherein the anionic polysaccharide is at least one selected from carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof, alginic acid or a salt thereof, chondroitin sulfate or a salt thereof, pectin and xanthan gum.
13. An aqueous suspension comprising a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof.
14. The aqueous suspension according to claim 13, wherein the lower and the upper limit concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or a salt thereof are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively.
15. An aqueous suspension comprising an anti-cataract drug, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof.
16. The aqueous suspension according to claim 15, wherein the lower and the upper concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or a salt thereof are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively.
17. The aqueous suspension according to claim 16, wherein the anti-cataract drug is pirenoxine.
18. An aqueous suspension comprising an antiphlogistic-analgesic, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alginic acid or a salt thereof.
19. The aqueous suspension according to claim 18, wherein the lower and the upper concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of alginic acid or a salt thereof are about 0.2 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively.
20. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of eye drops.
21. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of nasal drops.
22. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of ear drops.
23. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of an injection.
24. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of an oral preparation.
25. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of a liniment.
26. The aqueous suspension according to one of claims 1-19, wherein the aqueous suspension is in the form of a lotion.
27. A method for improving the redispersibility of an aqueous suspension of a hardly soluble drug comprising addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound to the aqueous suspension.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the lower and the upper concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone are about 0.1 w/v % and about 10 w/v %, respectively, and the lower and the upper limit concentrations of the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound are about 0.05 w/v % and about 1.0 w/v %, respectively.
29. The method according to claim 27, wherein the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.1-5.0 w/v % and the water-soluble anionic macromolecular compound is contained at a weight ratio of 0.1-2.0 to the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
US10/362,473 2000-08-25 2001-08-20 Aqueous suspension preparations Abandoned US20030195179A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/484,636 US8658703B2 (en) 2000-08-25 2009-06-15 Aqueous suspension preparations

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-255000 2000-08-25
JP2000255000 2000-08-25
PCT/JP2001/007128 WO2002015878A1 (en) 2000-08-25 2001-08-20 Aqueous suspension preparations

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/484,636 Division US8658703B2 (en) 2000-08-25 2009-06-15 Aqueous suspension preparations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030195179A1 true US20030195179A1 (en) 2003-10-16

Family

ID=18743862

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/362,473 Abandoned US20030195179A1 (en) 2000-08-25 2001-08-20 Aqueous suspension preparations
US12/484,636 Expired - Fee Related US8658703B2 (en) 2000-08-25 2009-06-15 Aqueous suspension preparations

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/484,636 Expired - Fee Related US8658703B2 (en) 2000-08-25 2009-06-15 Aqueous suspension preparations

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US20030195179A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1312356B1 (en)
JP (2) JP5000835B2 (en)
AU (1) AU2001278779A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2396598T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2002015878A1 (en)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050065137A1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2005-03-24 Alcon, Inc. Triamcinolone acetonide and anecortave acetate formulations for injection
WO2005105050A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Procarrier, Inc. Oral formulation for delivery of poorly absorbed drugs
US20060088592A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2006-04-27 Seung-Ho Choi Oral formulation for delivery of poorly absorbed drugs
US20070066603A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-22 Eaton Scientific Systems, Ltd. Method for alleviating climacteric symtoms
US20090048188A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2009-02-19 Toshihiko Matsuo Ophthalmic medicine composition
US20090054531A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2009-02-26 Fukiko Nemoto Eye drop preparation comprising xanthan gum and terpenoid
US20090286826A1 (en) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-19 Francisco Javier Galan Pharmaceutical compositions having carboxyvinyl polymer and povidone polymer
US20110212932A1 (en) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Laboratorios Salvat, S.A. Aqueous clear solutions of fluocinolone acetonide for treatment of otic inflammation
US20120115829A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2012-05-10 Alcon Research, Ltd. Low Viscosity, Highly Flocculated Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspensions for Intravitreal Injection
US20120308987A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2012-12-06 Genvault Corporation Matrices and media for storage and stabilization of biomolecules
US20140206708A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-24 Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Composition for ophthalmic administration
US9572859B2 (en) 2004-01-20 2017-02-21 Allergan, Inc. Compositions and methods for localized therapy of the eye
US20180193462A1 (en) * 2014-01-01 2018-07-12 Real Time Imaging Technologies, Llc Improved local anesthetic solution for dental and/or contrast media use
US10500226B2 (en) * 2012-12-30 2019-12-10 Hadasit Medical Research Services And Development Ltd. Alginate compositions and uses thereof
US10624889B2 (en) 2012-04-23 2020-04-21 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Injectable formulation
US10849586B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2020-12-01 Real Time Imaging Technologies, Llc Low-dose x-ray imaging system
US11052094B2 (en) 2015-05-29 2021-07-06 Sydnexis, Inc. D2O stabilized pharmaceutical formulations
US11382909B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2022-07-12 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US11596625B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2023-03-07 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US11779540B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2023-10-10 Catalent U.K. Swindon Zydis Limited Minimizing agglomeration of drug particle coating material during storage to stabilize disintegration times of pharmaceutical products
US11931464B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2024-03-19 Catalent U.K. Swindon Zydis Limited Minimizing agglomeration, aeration, and preserving the coating of pharmaceutical compositions comprising ibuprofen

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI320713B (en) 2001-06-01 2010-02-21 Neochemir Inc
JP2004189731A (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-07-08 Taisho Pharmaceut Co Ltd Nasal drop
US20080306039A1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2008-12-11 Keiichi Matsuhisa Loteprednol Etabonate Aqueous Suspension
WO2006030851A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-23 Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pirenoxine suspension type eye lotion
JP4962888B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2012-06-27 株式会社 メドレックス Oral enteric pharmaceutical composition
JP2009519962A (en) * 2005-12-19 2009-05-21 コメンティス，インコーポレーテッド Topical mecamylamine formulation for ophthalmic administration and use thereof
WO2009020145A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Two-component eye drops containing pirenoxine
WO2010069519A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Merz Pharma Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Topical compositions comprising at least one active ingredient poorly soluble in water and biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid with a pka-value between 5-7
JP5841167B2 (en) * 2011-03-24 2016-01-13 大塚製薬株式会社 Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of oral diseases containing rebamipide
WO2012145460A2 (en) * 2011-04-22 2012-10-26 Alcon Research, Ltd. Ophthalmic composition with a viscosity enhancement system having two different viscosity enhancing agents
CA2929361C (en) 2013-11-08 2022-05-31 Activus Pharma Co., Ltd. Aqueous suspension formulation comprising nanoparticles of macrolide antibiotics
CN115869254A (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-03-31 成都瑞沐生物医药科技有限公司 Antibiotic eye preparation and preparation method and application thereof

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4914090A (en) * 1985-11-01 1990-04-03 Schering Corporation Ophthalmic compositions
US5192535A (en) * 1988-02-08 1993-03-09 Insite Vision Incorporated Ophthalmic suspensions
US5626879A (en) * 1995-01-04 1997-05-06 Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Terfenadine oral granules
US5670171A (en) * 1989-09-18 1997-09-23 Recordati S.A. Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company Liquid-suspension controlled-release pharmaceutical composition
US5679665A (en) * 1992-10-07 1997-10-21 Laboratorios Cusi, S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation comprised of polymyxintrimethoprim and an anti-inflammatory drug for ophthalmic and otic topical use
US5696101A (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-12-09 Eastman Chemical Company Oxidized cellulose and vitamin E blend for topical hemostatic applications
US5886030A (en) * 1994-05-06 1999-03-23 Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Use of vitamin E tocopheryl derivatives in ophthalmic compositions
US5958443A (en) * 1991-10-30 1999-09-28 Mdv Technologies, Inc. Medical uses of in situ formed gels
US6274634B1 (en) * 1997-05-14 2001-08-14 Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Aqueous suspension preparations with excellent redispersibility
US6432439B1 (en) * 1997-10-01 2002-08-13 Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. O/W emulsion composition
US6455547B1 (en) * 1998-04-02 2002-09-24 Novartis Ag Method for treating pharmaceutical compositions
US6624193B1 (en) * 1999-09-06 2003-09-23 Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Preventive and therapeutic agents for eye diseases

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2731387A (en) * 1951-05-15 1956-01-17 Schenley Ind Inc Aqueous suspension of procaine penicillin
US4194090A (en) * 1976-11-27 1980-03-18 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Decentralized-control type electronic switching system
JPH0737386B2 (en) * 1988-10-12 1995-04-26 参天製薬株式会社 Suspension type pyrenoxine eye drops
JPH059125A (en) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-19 Nippon Saafuakutanto Kogyo Kk Aqueous dispersion of royal jelly
JPH0616556A (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-25 Yoshitomi Pharmaceut Ind Ltd Slightly soluble medicine-containing preparation
FR2720631B1 (en) * 1994-06-03 1996-07-12 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa Preparation process and beads obtained containing an active ingredient having an undefined melting point.
US5763449A (en) * 1996-08-07 1998-06-09 Ascent Pediatrics, Inc. Pleasant-tasting aqueous liquid composition of a bitter-tasting drug
JPH1121229A (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-26 Kyoto Yakuhin Kogyo Kk Antifungal external preparation and its production
GB9718568D0 (en) * 1997-09-03 1997-11-05 Chauvin Pharmaceuticals Limite Compositions
US6111757A (en) 1998-01-16 2000-08-29 International Business Machines Corp. SIMM/DIMM memory module
CN1158995C (en) * 1998-01-22 2004-07-28 参天制药株式会社 Fluorometholone suspension eye drops

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4914090A (en) * 1985-11-01 1990-04-03 Schering Corporation Ophthalmic compositions
US5192535A (en) * 1988-02-08 1993-03-09 Insite Vision Incorporated Ophthalmic suspensions
US5670171A (en) * 1989-09-18 1997-09-23 Recordati S.A. Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company Liquid-suspension controlled-release pharmaceutical composition
US5958443A (en) * 1991-10-30 1999-09-28 Mdv Technologies, Inc. Medical uses of in situ formed gels
US5679665A (en) * 1992-10-07 1997-10-21 Laboratorios Cusi, S.A. Pharmaceutical formulation comprised of polymyxintrimethoprim and an anti-inflammatory drug for ophthalmic and otic topical use
US5886030A (en) * 1994-05-06 1999-03-23 Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Use of vitamin E tocopheryl derivatives in ophthalmic compositions
US5626879A (en) * 1995-01-04 1997-05-06 Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Terfenadine oral granules
US5696101A (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-12-09 Eastman Chemical Company Oxidized cellulose and vitamin E blend for topical hemostatic applications
US6274634B1 (en) * 1997-05-14 2001-08-14 Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Aqueous suspension preparations with excellent redispersibility
US6432439B1 (en) * 1997-10-01 2002-08-13 Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. O/W emulsion composition
US6455547B1 (en) * 1998-04-02 2002-09-24 Novartis Ag Method for treating pharmaceutical compositions
US6624193B1 (en) * 1999-09-06 2003-09-23 Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Preventive and therapeutic agents for eye diseases

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050065137A1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2005-03-24 Alcon, Inc. Triamcinolone acetonide and anecortave acetate formulations for injection
US9572859B2 (en) 2004-01-20 2017-02-21 Allergan, Inc. Compositions and methods for localized therapy of the eye
US7666446B2 (en) 2004-04-28 2010-02-23 Procarrier, Inc. Oral formulation for delivery of poorly absorbed drugs
WO2005105050A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Procarrier, Inc. Oral formulation for delivery of poorly absorbed drugs
US20060088592A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2006-04-27 Seung-Ho Choi Oral formulation for delivery of poorly absorbed drugs
US20090048188A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2009-02-19 Toshihiko Matsuo Ophthalmic medicine composition
US7998942B2 (en) 2005-07-11 2011-08-16 Senju Pharamaceutical Co., Ltd. Eye drop preparation comprising xanthan gum and terpenoid
US20090054531A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2009-02-26 Fukiko Nemoto Eye drop preparation comprising xanthan gum and terpenoid
US8653145B2 (en) 2005-09-22 2014-02-18 Eaton Scientific Systems, Ltd. Method for alleviating climacteric symptoms
US20070066603A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-22 Eaton Scientific Systems, Ltd. Method for alleviating climacteric symtoms
US20120115829A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2012-05-10 Alcon Research, Ltd. Low Viscosity, Highly Flocculated Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspensions for Intravitreal Injection
US20090286826A1 (en) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-19 Francisco Javier Galan Pharmaceutical compositions having carboxyvinyl polymer and povidone polymer
US20120308987A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2012-12-06 Genvault Corporation Matrices and media for storage and stabilization of biomolecules
US8951719B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2015-02-10 Gentegra, LLC. Matrices and media for storage and stabilization of biomolecules
US10160997B2 (en) 2008-09-12 2018-12-25 Gentegra Llc Matrices and media for storage and stabilization of biomolecules
US20110212932A1 (en) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Laboratorios Salvat, S.A. Aqueous clear solutions of fluocinolone acetonide for treatment of otic inflammation
US8932610B2 (en) * 2010-03-01 2015-01-13 Laboratorios Salvat, S.A. Aqueous clear solutions of fluocinolone acetonide for treatment of otic inflammation
US10624889B2 (en) 2012-04-23 2020-04-21 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Injectable formulation
US10500226B2 (en) * 2012-12-30 2019-12-10 Hadasit Medical Research Services And Development Ltd. Alginate compositions and uses thereof
US20140206708A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-24 Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Composition for ophthalmic administration
US20180193462A1 (en) * 2014-01-01 2018-07-12 Real Time Imaging Technologies, Llc Improved local anesthetic solution for dental and/or contrast media use
US11596625B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2023-03-07 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US11883390B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2024-01-30 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US11890277B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2024-02-06 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US11896588B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2024-02-13 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US11382909B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2022-07-12 Sydnexis, Inc. Ophthalmic composition
US10849586B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2020-12-01 Real Time Imaging Technologies, Llc Low-dose x-ray imaging system
US11052094B2 (en) 2015-05-29 2021-07-06 Sydnexis, Inc. D2O stabilized pharmaceutical formulations
US11052095B2 (en) 2015-05-29 2021-07-06 Sydnexis, Inc. D2O stabilized pharmaceutical formulations
US12070466B2 (en) 2015-05-29 2024-08-27 Sydnexis, Inc. D2O stabilized pharmaceutical formulations
US11779540B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2023-10-10 Catalent U.K. Swindon Zydis Limited Minimizing agglomeration of drug particle coating material during storage to stabilize disintegration times of pharmaceutical products
US11931464B2 (en) 2019-02-22 2024-03-19 Catalent U.K. Swindon Zydis Limited Minimizing agglomeration, aeration, and preserving the coating of pharmaceutical compositions comprising ibuprofen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1312356A4 (en) 2007-11-21
EP1312356A1 (en) 2003-05-21
US8658703B2 (en) 2014-02-25
WO2002015878A1 (en) 2002-02-28
US20090253807A1 (en) 2009-10-08
ES2396598T3 (en) 2013-02-22
JP2012121912A (en) 2012-06-28
JPWO2002015878A1 (en) 2004-01-15
AU2001278779A1 (en) 2002-03-04
EP1312356B1 (en) 2012-10-17
JP5000835B2 (en) 2012-08-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8658703B2 (en) Aqueous suspension preparations
AU2019202857B2 (en) Ocular formulations for drug-delivery to the posterior segment of the eye
US4861760A (en) Ophthalmological composition of the type which undergoes liquid-gel phase transition
JP2769253B2 (en) Aqueous liquid
JP4856392B2 (en) Preservative and aqueous composition containing the same
CA2553381A1 (en) Compositions for localized therapy of the eye, comprising preferably triamcinolone acetonide and hyaluronic acid
PT2442790E (en) Aqueous pharmaceutical compositions containing borate-polyol complexes
AU2019221126B2 (en) Multi-use torasemide composition
JP3597239B2 (en) Stable eye drops
JP4752987B2 (en) External preparation composition
AU661944B2 (en) An aqueous suspension
JP5013735B2 (en) Ocular mucosa application
JP5379186B2 (en) Preservative and aqueous composition containing the same
JP4524538B2 (en) Ophthalmic composition
US11291673B2 (en) Topical doxycycline hydrogel with improved long-term stability
JP4683835B2 (en) Preservative and aqueous composition containing the same
JPH0383931A (en) Low-irritating grf pernasal administration pharmaceutical
JP2009079032A (en) Composition for ophthalmic use and method for stabilizing diphenhydramine
JPH069430A (en) Stable eye lotion compounded with lysozyme
JP2010111705A (en) Antiseptic agent and aqueous composition containing the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SENJU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SAWA, SHIROU;REEL/FRAME:014152/0879

Effective date: 20030106

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION