RU2448224C2 - Cleat for facing plate fastening - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: cleat comprises a start element and a closing element, each having a shelf to be fastened to a faced surface and tabs to fasten facing plates. The start element has a support shelf for facing plates, which is connected to a shelf for its fixation along its length. Tabs to fasten facing plates of the start element are connected with a support shelf at its free long edge, and tabs for fastening of facing plates of the closing element are connected with its shelf for fastening via sections bent from this shelf in its part of medium width, besides, in the shelves for fixation of the start and closing elements there are stops and fastening holes, besides, fastening holes are made as capable of matching. In the start and closing elements there are stamped fixators to connect the start and closing elements in the cleat without application of additional fastening elements - rivets, glue, welding, at the same time fixators on the start and closing elements made by stamping, on the support shelf of the start element and on sections that connect tabs and the shelf for fixation of the closing element, and also by formation of additional stops matched with each other near to the edge of the shelves for fixation of the closing and start elements.

EFFECT: invention improves reliability of facade plate fastening.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial and civil engineering and is intended for fastening of facing plates of buildings and structures, in particular for fastening of facing plates of the outer surface of walls of buildings with ventilated facades.

Nowadays, suspended facade systems with an air gap (NFS) are widely used, in which cladding plates are attached to vertical or horizontal profiles using special brackets (clamps) of various designs.

A constructive solution is known for clamps made in the form of stamped plates with petals (paws) for gripping facing plates (patent for invention RU No. 2330918 C2, E04B 1/74).

Such a clammer has pairs of legs directed both upward for mounting above the facing plates, and downward for fastening below the facing plates. When using such a clamp, for fastening the first (initial) and last (final) row of facing plates, the paws directed either down or up remain unused. The redundancy of the clammer design in this case leads to an unreasonable increase in the consumption of materials from which the clammers are made, and, consequently, to the cost of the hinged ventilated facade. In addition, the known design of the clammer has a number of other disadvantages. The paws and support shelves for the clammer cladding plates are made by stamping from the plates to fasten the clammer to the surface to be clad. This reduces the bearing capacity of the plate, and the legs and support flanges also have a limited bearing capacity. All this limits the scope of the clamp.

It should also be noted that the tabs for attaching higher plates (“upper” tabs) perceive both the weight (from the weight of the plate) and the wind (acting on the plate) load. While the paws for attaching below the plates (the "lower" paws) perceive only the wind (acting on the plate) load. Since both of the legs are made of the same plate having a certain thickness, and the dimensions of the planes of the legs facing the outer surface of the facade cladding, it is desirable to have the same aesthetics, it is almost impossible to optimize the bearing capacity of the “upper” and “lower” clammer paws. Therefore, in the clamp there will be paws that are not loaded up to their real bearing capacity. This leads to the non-optimal use of the material for the manufacture of clammer and, as a consequence, to its cost.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed invention is a clamp for fastening of facing plates, described in patent RU 76939 U1 (RF, M. class. E04F 13/07). The Klyammer consists of starting and closing elements, each of which has a shelf for attaching to the surface to be coated and paws for attaching the facing plates, while the starting element has a support shelf for facing plates connected to the shelf for fastening along its length, and the legs for attaching the facing the plates of the starting element are connected to the support shelf from its free long edge, and the legs for attaching the facing plates of the locking element are connected to its shelf for fastening through sections bent from this shelves in its middle-wide part, in addition, stops and mounting holes are made in the shelves for fastening the starting and closing elements, and the mounting holes are compatible.

The described clamp has starting and closing elements, which can be used to fasten the first (initial) and last (terminal) row of facing plates. However, the use of the clamp itself (when fastening simultaneously above and below the facing plates) is inconvenient and not technologically advanced under construction conditions, since it is necessary to simultaneously hold the start and closing elements, combine the mounting holes in their shelves for mounting and fasten the clamp to the surface to be coated. This leads to an increase in the complexity of installation, to an increase in costs both in cost and in time for installation work. The connection of the starting and closing elements in the clamp is carried out only through the mounting holes in their shelves for fastening, which limits the bearing capacity of the clamp. In addition, in a known design, the support shelf of the starting element is perpendicular to its shelf for mounting. At the same time, in the starting clamp, due to the radius of bending of the legs, the point of contact of the facing plate to the plane of the foot facing the fastening shelf is significantly spaced from the plane of the supporting shelf, which reduces the bearing capacity of the legs and the clamp as a whole.

The disadvantage of this clamp is the possibility of horizontal movement of the facing plates relative to the legs of the clamp. The movement of plates is possible due to the influence of wind loads, ripple effects and, especially, when seismic loads occur. The horizontal movement of the facing slabs can lead to a change in the width of the vertical tile joints on the facade of the building and, consequently, to a deterioration of the aesthetic qualities of the facade, as well as to the loss of the facing slabs and the destruction of the curtain wall of the building, thereby reducing the reliability of this system.

The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely: improving manufacturability, design reliability and bearing capacity of the clamp.

To achieve this goal, a clammer for attaching cladding plates is proposed, consisting of starting and closing elements, each of which has a shelf for attaching to the facing surface and paws for attaching the cladding plates, while the starting element has a support shelf under the cladding plates connected to the shelf for fastening along its length, and the legs for attaching the facing plates of the starter element are connected to the support shelf with its free long edge, and the legs for attaching the facing plates of the closing electric The elements are connected to its shelf for fastening through sections bent from this shelf in its middle-wide part, in addition, stops and mounting holes are made in the shelves for mounting the starting and closing elements, and the mounting holes are compatible. In the starting and closing elements, for example, clamps are made by stamping for connecting the starting and closing elements in the clamp without the use of additional fasteners (rivets, glue, welding, etc.).

This embodiment of the clammer simplifies its installation under construction conditions, since the starting and closing elements are interconnected by clamps in a single design of the clammer. At the same time, the cost of installation work is reduced and the workability of the clamp is increased. In addition, when connecting the starting and closing elements with clamps, redistribution (alignment) of loads between the clammer elements occurs, which increases the reliability of the structure and the bearing capacity of the clammer.

The stops in the shelf for fastening the starter element are made, for example, by stamping, convex towards the legs for fastening the facing plates, and in the shelf for fastening the closing element additional mounting holes are made so that when connecting the starting and closing elements, the additional mounting holes of the latter are under the stops in the shelf for fastening the starting element.

With this structural embodiment of the clammer, it becomes possible to additionally fasten the locking element through additional mounting holes to the surface to be coated, for example, using rivets. In this case, the rivet heads are under the stops of the starting element and do not interfere with the installation of the latter on the locking element. In this case, the reliability of the structure and the bearing capacity of the clamp are increased. The implementation of additional mounting holes in the closing element in a single technological cycle of its manufacture ensures high adaptability of the clamp construction.

The latches on the starting and closing elements are made, for example, by stamping by forming bulges and concavities, for example, holes respectively on the supporting shelf of the starting element and on the sections connecting the tabs and the shelf for fastening the locking element or vice versa, as well as by forming additional stops close to the upper edge of the closing and starting elements.

With this constructive solution, the clamps are performed in a single technological cycle of manufacturing the starting and closing elements of the clamp and do not require additional material for their manufacture. This ensures the high adaptability of the proposed clammer. The implementation of the clamps in the form of combined convexities and concavities on the supporting shelf of the starting element and on the sections connecting the tabs and the shelf for attaching the locking element, leads to the redistribution (alignment) of loads between these elements when exposed to horizontal wind load on the facing plates and, accordingly, on the clammer. This increases the bearing capacity of the clamp and the reliability of the design.

An additional emphasis of the locking element is made by cutting and molding on the thickness of the shelf for mounting the starting element in the direction of the tabs for fixing the facing plates of the strip in the shelf for mounting the locking element. The additional emphasis of the starting element is made, for example, by cutting in the form of a protrusion in the plane of the shelf for mounting the starting element. Moreover, when connecting the starting and closing elements, the protrusion in the shelf for mounting the starting element is placed between the strip in the shelf and the plane of the shelf for mounting the locking element.

With this design, additional stops are implemented in a single technological cycle of manufacturing the starting and closing elements of the clamp, providing high adaptability of the design of the clamp. The protrusion in the shelf for fastening the starter element is placed between the strip in the shelf and the plane of the shelf itself for fastening the closing element, this provides, on the one hand, additional fastening of the starter element, and on the other hand, the redistribution (alignment) of loads between the shelves for fastening the starter and closing elements. This increases the bearing capacity and reliability of the clamp.

Preferably, on the strip in the shelf for fastening the locking element and on the protrusion in the shelf for fastening the starting element, make an additional latch, for example, by stamping by forming a convexity and concavity, for example, holes respectively on the strip of the locking element and on the ledge of the starting element or vice versa.

In this case, the efficiency of the redistribution (alignment) of loads between the shelves for mounting the starting and closing elements is increased, since the convexity and concavity that are compatible with each other prevent the planes of the shelves from moving relative to each other for fastening the starting and closing elements. This increases the bearing capacity and reliability of the design of the clammer with its high adaptability.

No less preferable is the following: the paws of the starting and closing elements are made in the form of bends respectively from the support flange of the starting element and from the sections connecting the paws of the closing element with its support shelf, while the support shelf of the starting element is located at a predetermined angle relative to its mounting shelf, moreover, this angle depends on the thickness of the facing plates and the bending radius of the legs for attaching the facing plates and is set so that the edges of the lower ends of the facing plates are set They were placed on the support shelf and were adjacent to the plane of the legs no lower than the end of the radius of bending of the legs.

With this design, the minimum distance from the point of contact of the facing plate to the plane of the foot to the plane of the supporting shelf of the starting element is ensured, and therefore, the total moment from the loads applied to the clamp is reduced, i.e. from weight load and wind load acting on the NFS. At the same time, the bearing capacity of the structure and the reliability of the clamp are increased with its high adaptability.

It is recommended that along the symmetry axis of the starting and closing elements in their shelves for fastening, restrictive stops of a given height be performed, for example, by cutting to fix the movement of the facing plates in the horizontal direction.

The presence of restrictive stops provides an even distribution of loads from horizontally adjacent facing plates to the feet of the starting and closing elements, which, in turn, provides an increase in the bearing capacity and reliability of the structure. Restrictive stops prevent the movement of facing plates in the horizontal direction under the influence of various loads, including seismic ones. It also improves the reliability and load-bearing capacity of the clamp. To perform restrictive stops, it is not necessary to attract additional material, as well as additional technological operations (for example, stops can be stamped simultaneously with the formation of shelves and legs of the clamp elements). At the same time, the manufacturability of the clammer is increased and the cost of the product is reduced.

Other objectives and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following specific example of its implementation and drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a clamp for fastening of facing plates (hereinafter referred to as "clamp");

figure 2 shows the starting element of the clamp;

figure 3 shows the locking element of the clamp;

figure 4 shows a variant of placement of facing plates on the clamp, in the starting element of which the support shelf is made at a predetermined angle relative to the shelf for mounting;

figure 5 shows a variant of the placement of cladding plates on the clammer, in the shelves for fastening the starting and closing elements of which restrictive stops are made to fix the movement of the cladding plates in the horizontal direction.

Clammer for fastening of facing plates in figure 1 consists of starting 1 and closing 2 elements. Starting 1 (FIG. 2) and closing 2 (FIG. 3) elements have a shelf 3 (FIG. 2) and 4 (FIG. 3), respectively, for fastening the facing surface and paws 5 (FIG. 2) and 6 (FIG. 3) for fastening the facing plates 7 (figure 4, figure 5). In this case, the starting element 1 (Fig. 2) has a supporting shelf 8 for facing plates 7 (Figs. 4-5) connected to the shelf 3 (Fig. 2) for fastening along its length, and the tabs 5 of the starting 1 element are connected to the supporting shelf 8 with its free long edge. The tabs 6 (figure 3) of the closing 2 element are connected to its shelf 4 for fastening through sections 9, bent from this shelf 4 in its middle part width. In the shelves 3 (figure 2) and 4 (figure 3) for fastening the starting 1 (figure 2) and trailing 2 (figure 3) elements made stops 10 (figure 2) and 11 (figure 3), and also mounting holes 12 (figure 2) and 13 (figure 3). Moreover, the mounting holes 12 (figure 2) and 13 (figure 3) are made with the possibility of combining. In the starting 1 (figure 2) and closing 2 (figure 3) elements are made, for example, by stamping the latches 14 (figure 3) and 15 (figure 2), 16 (figure 3) and 17 (figure 2) to connect the starting 1 (figure 1) and closing 2 elements in the clamp without the use of additional fasteners (rivets, glue, welding, etc.).

Since the starting 1 and closing 2 elements of the clamp are interconnected by clamps, redistribution (alignment) of the loads between these elements of the clamp occurs, for example, due to friction between the contacting surfaces of the elements of the clamp in places where the clamps 14 and 15, 16 and 17 are made. design reliability and load-bearing capacity of the clamp. The latches are performed in a single technological cycle for the production of clammer elements, for example, stamping. To carry out the clamps, it is not necessary to attract additional materials, the connection of the starting 1 and closing 2 elements occurs without the use of additional fasteners (rivets, glue, welding, etc.) All this ensures the high manufacturability of the clamp and the relatively low cost of the product. In addition, such a combination of starting and closing elements in a single clammer design simplifies its installation under construction conditions, reduces the cost of installation work and increases the adaptability of the clammer.

The stops 10 (Fig. 2) in the shelf 3 for fastening the starting element 1 are made, for example, by stamping, convex towards the legs 5, and in the shelf 4 (Fig. 3) for fixing the closing 2 elements additional mounting holes 18 are made so that when connecting the starting 1 (Fig. 1) and the closing 2 elements, additional fixing holes 18 of the latter are under the stops 10 of the starting 1 element.

Through additional mounting holes 18, an additional fastening of the closing 2 element to the surface to be coated, for example, with rivets, is achieved, which leads to an increase in the bearing capacity and reliability of the clamp construction. In this case, the rivet heads are under the stops 10 (Fig. 1) in the shelf 3 of the starting 1 element and does not prevent the installation of the latter on the closing 2 element. Additional mounting holes 18 are performed in a single technological cycle of manufacturing the closing 2 elements, which ensures high adaptability of the clamp construction.

The latches 14 (figure 3) and 15 (figure 2), 16 (figure 3) and 17 (figure 2) on the start 1 (figure 2) and the closing 2 (figure 3) elements are made, for example, stamping by forming bulges 14 (FIG. 3) and concavities, for example, holes 15 (FIG. 2), respectively, in sections 9 (FIG. 3) connecting the legs 6 and the shelf 4 of the closure 2 element, and on the support shelf 8 (FIG. 2) ) starting 1 element. As an option, it is possible to perform the bulges on the support flange 8 (Fig. 2) of the starting element 1, and concavities - in sections 9 (Fig. 3) of the closure 2 element. The latches 16 (figure 3) and 17 (figure 2) are made by forming compatible with each other additional stops near the upper edge of the closing 2 (figure 3) and start 1 (figure 2) elements.

The latches 14 and 15, 16 and 17 on the start 1 and closing 2 elements are made in the form of mutually convex and concavity, which provides redistribution (alignment) of loads between the starting 1 (figure 1) and closing 2 elements of the clamp due to friction between contact surfaces of the clammer elements. This increases the bearing capacity of the clammer and the reliability of its design. The latches are performed in a single technological cycle of manufacturing the starting 1 and closing 2 elements and does not require the involvement of additional material for their manufacture. This ensures high manufacturability of the clammer and a relatively low cost of the product.

Additional emphasis 16 (figure 3) of the closing 2 element is made by notching and molding [on the thickness of the shelf 3 (figure 2) of the starting 1 element] towards the tabs 6 of the strip 16 in the shelf 4 of the closing 2 element. Additional emphasis 17 (figure 2) of the starting 1 element is made, for example, by cutting in the form of a protrusion 17 in the plane of the shelf 3 of the starting 1 element. When connecting the starting 1 (Fig. 1) and the closing 2 elements, the protrusion 17 in the shelf 3 of the starting 1 element is located between the strip 16 in the shelf 4 and the plane of the shelf 4 of the closing 2 element.

The protrusion 17 of the starting 1 element is placed between the strip 16 in the shelf 4 and the plane of the shelf 4 of the closing 2 elements. In this case, on the one hand, additional fastening of the starting 1 element is provided, and on the other hand, redistribution (alignment) of loads between the starting 1 and closing 2 elements. This increases the bearing capacity and reliability of the clamp. Additional stops 16 and 17 are implemented in a single technological cycle of manufacturing starting 1 and closing 2 elements of the clamp, providing its high adaptability.

On the strip 16 (Fig. 1) in the flange 4 of the closing 2 element and on the protrusion 17 in the flange 3 of the starting 1 element, an additional latch 19 and 20 is made, for example, by stamping by forming a bulge 19 and concavity, for example, of the hole 20, respectively, on the strip 16 of the closing 2 elements and on the protrusion 17 of the starting 1 element or, alternatively, vice versa.

An additional latch 19 and 20 increases the efficiency of redistribution (alignment) of loads between the shelves 3 and 4 for fastening the start 1 and closing 2 elements, since the combined convexity 19 and concavity, for example, hole 20, prevent the planes of shelves 3 and 4 from moving relative to each other for fastenings of starting 1 and closing 2 elements. This increases the bearing capacity and reliability of the clammer with its high adaptability.

The paws 5 and 6 of the starting 1 and closing 2 elements are made in the form of limbs, respectively, from the support shelf 8 (figure 2) and from sections 9 (figure 3). In this case, the supporting shelf 8 (Fig. 4) of the starting element 1 is located at a predetermined angle (90 ° + α) relative to its shelf 3 for mounting, and this angle (90 ° + α) depends on the thickness of the facing plates 7 and the radius R of the bend of the legs 5 and is set so that the edges of the lower ends of the facing plates 7 mounted on the support shelf 8 are adjacent to the plane of the legs 5 not lower than the end of the radius R of the bend of the legs 5.

As can be seen from the figure in figure 4, the value of the angle α should be given more with a larger radius R of the bend of the legs 5, as well as with a smaller thickness of the facing plates 7.

With this design, the minimum distance from the point of contact of the facing plate 7 to the foot 5 to the plane of the supporting shelf 8 of the starting 1 element is ensured, and therefore, the total moment decreases from the loads applied to the clamp: from the weight load (weight of the facing plates) and wind load, acting on the NSF. At the same time, the bearing capacity of the structure and the reliability of the clamp are increased with its high adaptability.

On the axis of symmetry of the starting 1 (Fig. 5) and closing 2 elements in their shelves 3 and 4 for fastening, restrictive stops 21 and 22 of a given height are made, for example, by cutting to fix the movement of the facing plates 7 in the horizontal direction.

Restrictive stops 21 and 22 provide an even distribution of loads from horizontally adjacent facing plates 7 to the legs 5 and 6, respectively, of the starting 1 and closing 2 elements and, therefore, increase the bearing capacity and reliability of the structure. In addition, the stops 21 and 22 prevent the movement of the facing plates in the horizontal direction under the influence of various loads, for example, seismic. It also improves the reliability and load-bearing capacity of the clamp. Since the implementation of restrictive stops 21 and 22 does not require the involvement of additional material and additional technological operations, because the stops 21 and 22 can be stamped simultaneously with the formation of shelves 3, 4 and tabs 5, 6 of the clammer elements, this ensures high manufacturability of the clammer and the relatively low cost of the product.

Thus, the invention improves the manufacturability, reliability of the structure and the bearing capacity of the clamp.

Claims (7)

1. Clammer for fastening of facing plates, consisting of starting and closing elements, each of which has a shelf for attaching to the facing surface and paws for attaching facing plates, while the starting element has a support shelf under the facing plates connected to the shelf for fastening along it length, and the tabs for fastening the facing plates of the starting element are connected to the support shelf with its free long edge, and the legs for fastening the facing plates of the closing element are connected to its shelf for fastening through the sections bent from this shelf in its middle part along the width, in addition, stops and fixing holes are made in the shelves for fastening the starting and closing elements, and fixing holes with the possibility of combining, characterized in that the starting and closing elements are made, for example, by punching the clamps for connecting the starting and closing elements in the clamp without the use of additional fastening elements - rivets, glue, welding, while the latches on the starting and closing elements are made, n example, on the support shelf vyshtampovki starting element and on the portions connecting the legs and a shelf for mounting the closure element, as well as by formation of superposed with each other additional stops near the edges of the shelves and for fixing the locking elements starting. 2. Clammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the stops in the shelf for fastening the starter element are made, for example, by stamping, convex towards the legs for fastening the facing plates, and additional fastening holes are made in the shelf for fastening the closing element so that when the connection of the starting and closing elements additional mounting holes of the latter are under the stops in the shelf for mounting the starting element. 3. Clammer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the latches on the starting and closing elements are made, for example, by stamping by forming bulges and concavities, for example, holes, respectively, on the supporting shelf of the starting element and on the sections connecting the tabs and the mounting shelf trailing element, or vice versa. 4. Clammer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the additional stop of the locking element is made by notching and molding on the thickness of the shelf for mounting the starting element in the direction of the tabs for mounting the facing plates of the strip in the shelf for mounting the locking element, the stop of the starting element is made, for example, by cutting in the form of a protrusion in the plane of the shelf for fastening the starting element, and when connecting the starting and closing elements, the protrusion in the shelf for fastening the starting element is placed I am between the strip in the shelf and the plane of the shelf for attaching the locking element. 5. Clammer according to claim 4, characterized in that on the strip in the shelf for fastening the locking element and on the protrusion in the shelf for fastening the starting element, an additional lock is made, for example, by stamping by forming a convexity and concavity, for example, holes, respectively, on the strip of the closing element and on the ledge of the starting element, or vice versa. 6. Clammer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the paws of the starting and closing elements are made in the form of bends, respectively, from the supporting shelf of the starting element and from the sections connecting the paws of the locking element with its shelf for fastening, while the supporting shelf of the starting the element is located at a given angle relative to its shelf for mounting, and this angle depends on the thickness of the facing plates and the bending radius of the legs for attaching the facing plates and is set so that the edges of the lower ends of the facing plates, mounted on the support shelf, adjoined to the plane of the legs not lower than the end of the radius of bending of the legs. 7. Clammer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that along the symmetry axis of the starting and closing elements in their shelves for fastening, limit stops of a given height are made, for example, by cutting, to fix the movement of the facing plates in the horizontal direction.

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