JPS63227728A - Melting crucible and melting method - Google Patents
Melting crucible and melting methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS63227728A JPS63227728A JP6069587A JP6069587A JPS63227728A JP S63227728 A JPS63227728 A JP S63227728A JP 6069587 A JP6069587 A JP 6069587A JP 6069587 A JP6069587 A JP 6069587A JP S63227728 A JPS63227728 A JP S63227728A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- crucible
- melting
- alloy
- refractory
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 active metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は金属、特に活性な金属を溶解するためのルツボ
とそのルツボを使用した活性金属の溶解法に関するもの
である。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a crucible for melting metals, particularly active metals, and a method for melting active metals using the crucible.
ＴｉおよびＴｉ合金のような活性な金属、合金の溶解に
は主として黒鉛ルツボが使用されている。Graphite crucibles are mainly used for melting active metals and alloys such as Ti and Ti alloys.
例えばＮｉとＴｉが原子比でほぼ１：１であるＮｉ−Ｔ
ｉ合金は室温付近の温度でマルテンサイト変態し、それ
に伴って形状記憶効果、超弾性現象の様な特異な特性を
示す合金である。これらの特性は変態温度に依存し、決
定される。したがって形状記憶効果や超弾性現象を示す
ものに応用するには所定のマルテンサイト変態温度を有
し、かつ合金全体にわたって同じ特性を有する均質な合
金材を得ることが必要である。For example, Ni-T where Ni and Ti have an atomic ratio of approximately 1:1
The i-alloy is an alloy that undergoes martensitic transformation at a temperature near room temperature and exhibits unique properties such as shape memory effect and superelasticity phenomenon. These properties depend on and are determined by the transformation temperature. Therefore, in order to apply the material to something exhibiting a shape memory effect or a superelastic phenomenon, it is necessary to obtain a homogeneous alloy material having a predetermined martensitic transformation temperature and having the same characteristics throughout the alloy.
しかるにＮｉ−Ｔｉ系合金のマルテンサイト変態温度は
合金組成すなわちＮｉとＴｉの比率によって急激に変化
し、Ｎｉ量が５０ａ ｔ％からＯ，ｌａｔ％増しただけ
で変態温度は１０℃も低下する。したがって合金全体の
組成が均質で同じ変ｍ温度を有する鋳塊を得ることが望
まれていた。均質な鋳塊を得るためには黒鉛ルツボを用
いた高周波真空溶解によれば溶湯の撹拌効果により比較
的容易に均質な鋳塊を得ることが可能である。しかし上
記の黒鉛ルツボによる溶解法においてはルツボ壁からの
カーボンの溶湯への侵入はさけられず、真空度や溶解温
度に注意をはらっても得られた鋳塊は０．０５％程度の
Ｃを含有するのが通例であった。かかる少量のＣはＮｉ
−Ｔｉ系合金の有する形状記憶効果や超弾性現象の性能
に特に影響のあるものではないが、Ｔｉと結合しチタン
カーバイトとして介在し著しく加工性を損なうものであ
る。However, the martensitic transformation temperature of a Ni--Ti alloy changes rapidly depending on the alloy composition, that is, the ratio of Ni to Ti, and the transformation temperature decreases by as much as 10°C when the Ni amount increases from 50at% to O,lat%. Therefore, it has been desired to obtain an ingot having a homogeneous composition throughout the alloy and having the same m change temperature. In order to obtain a homogeneous ingot, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous ingot relatively easily by high-frequency vacuum melting using a graphite crucible due to the stirring effect of the molten metal. However, in the above-mentioned melting method using a graphite crucible, it is unavoidable that carbon enters the molten metal from the crucible wall, and even if careful attention is paid to the degree of vacuum and melting temperature, the obtained ingot contains about 0.05% C. It was customary to contain This small amount of C is Ni
-Although it does not particularly affect the performance of the shape memory effect and superelasticity of Ti-based alloys, it combines with Ti and intervenes as titanium carbide, significantly impairing workability.
そこで焼結ＣａＯルツボにより溶解法が検討されている
。この方法によると＋４は減少するが焼結ＣａＯルツボ
は熱シラツクに弱く数回の溶解にしか耐えられず、溶湯
が浸透することが頻繁に起きるなどの問題があった。Therefore, a melting method using a sintered CaO crucible is being considered. Although this method reduces +4, the sintered CaO crucible is susceptible to thermal slag and can withstand only a few meltings, and there are problems such as frequent penetration of the molten metal.
本発明は上記の問題を解決するため特に検討の結果活性
な金属の溶解用として、Ｃなどのルツボからの汚染がな
く、熱ショックに強い安価なルツボを開始し、併せてそ
のルツボを使用して活性な金属続を溶解する方法を提供
するものである。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has developed an inexpensive crucible for melting active metals that is free from contamination from the crucible such as C and is resistant to heat shock, and also uses this crucible. The present invention provides a method for dissolving active metal alloys.
〔問題点を解決するための手段および作用〕本発明は上
記の事情に鑑みなされたものでその第１発明は耐火物の
内壁に溶射によりＣａＯ層を５０−以上生成してなる溶
解ルツボであり、第２発明は耐火物の内壁に溶射により
ＣａＯ層を５０−以上生成してなる溶解ルツボに活性な
金属を装入し、高周波真空溶解炉によりＩ Ｘｌ０−２
ｔｏｒｒ以上の真空中にした後真空または不活性雰囲気
中で溶解鋳造することを特徴とする溶解法である。[Means and effects for solving the problems] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the first invention is a melting crucible in which a CaO layer of 50 or more is formed on the inner wall of a refractory by thermal spraying. In the second invention, an active metal is charged into a melting crucible in which a 50- or more CaO layer is formed by thermal spraying on the inner wall of a refractory, and a high-frequency vacuum melting furnace is used to melt IXl0-2.
This is a melting method characterized by melting and casting in a vacuum or an inert atmosphere after applying a vacuum of torr or more.
すなわち本発明は、黒鉛、アルミナ、マグネシャなどの
耐火物からなるルツボの内壁にプラズマ式、フレーム式
、アーク式などの溶射方法により溶湯に浸食されない緻
密なＣａＯ層を生成せしめ、この厚さを５０μ以上とし
たルツボである。ここでＣａＯ層の厚さを５０ｎ以上と
したのは５０−未満では数回の金属の熔解で溶射ＣａＯ
層が消耗するか、きれつが入り溶湯が浸透してしまうか
らである。That is, in the present invention, a dense CaO layer that is not eroded by the molten metal is formed on the inner wall of a crucible made of a refractory material such as graphite, alumina, or magnesia using a plasma spraying method, a flame spraying method, an arc spraying method, etc., and the thickness of this layer is reduced to 50 μm. This is the crucible described above. Here, the thickness of the CaO layer was set to 50 nm or more because if the thickness was less than 50 nm, the thermal spraying of CaO could be achieved by melting the metal several times.
This is because the layer wears out or cracks occur, allowing the molten metal to penetrate.
また上記のＣａＯを５０−以上生成したルツボを使用し
て高周波真空溶解炉を用いて溶解するのは例えばＮ ｔ
−Ｔ ｉ系合金などの活性で、かつ比重差の大きい合
金の溶解の場合、溶湯の撹拌性がよく偏析が少な（なる
からである、また真空度をＩＸ １０− ’ ｔｏｒｒ
としたのは、これ未満であると溶湯中の不純物の除去が
不充分となるからである。そして溶解度、真空またはＡ
ｒなどの不活性雰囲気中で鋳造するが、溶解後直ちに鋳
造してもよく、また溶解後１〜１０分保持してさらに不
純物の除去および撹拌を増すことも可能である。Furthermore, melting using a high frequency vacuum melting furnace using a crucible containing 50 or more CaO is, for example, N t
-When melting active alloys such as Ti-based alloys with large differences in specific gravity, the molten metal has good stirrability and less segregation, and the degree of vacuum has to be reduced to IX 10-' torr.
This is because if it is less than this, the removal of impurities in the molten metal will be insufficient. and solubility, vacuum or A
Casting is performed in an inert atmosphere such as R, but it may be cast immediately after melting, or it may be held for 1 to 10 minutes after melting to further remove impurities and increase agitation.
以下に本発明の一実施例について説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
黒鉛ルツボの内壁にＣａＯを３０−１５０μ、１００−
の厚さにプラズマ溶射により溶射し、黒鉛ルツボの内壁
にＣａｖＮ！ｉを生成したルツボを作製した。CaO was applied to the inner wall of the graphite crucible at 30-150μ, 100-
CavN! was sprayed on the inner wall of the graphite crucible by plasma spraying to a thickness of . A crucible that produced i was prepared.
次にＮ１とＴｉを第１表に示す配合組成で３ｋｇを上記
のルツボおよび比較のため従来の黒鉛ルツボと焼結Ｃａ
Ｏルツボを用いて高周波真空溶解炉により真空溶解した
。真空度はＩ Ｘ １０− ’ ｔｏｒｒ〜１×１０−
’ｔｏｒｒで溶湯の保持時間２分〜５分とし、鋳鉄製鋳
型に鋳造した。鋳塊は旋盤で外削後、熱間鍛造により直
径２０閤の丸棒とし、さらに溝ロールを用いた熱間圧延
により直径６ｍφの線材とした。Next, 3 kg of N1 and Ti with the composition shown in Table 1 were placed in the above crucible and for comparison, in a conventional graphite crucible and sintered Ca.
Vacuum melting was performed in a high frequency vacuum melting furnace using an O crucible. The degree of vacuum is I x 10-' torr ~ 1 x 10-
The molten metal was held at a 'torr for 2 to 5 minutes, and then cast into a cast iron mold. The ingot was externally machined using a lathe, then hot forged into a round bar with a diameter of 20 mm, and further hot rolled using a grooved roll into a wire rod with a diameter of 6 mφ.
これを適宜中間焼鈍（７５０°ＣＸ５分間）をしながら
直径２．６ｍｍまで冷間伸線加工し最終焼鈍（７５０℃
×５分間）を施した後、断線を起すまで冷間伸線加工し
、断線の起きた所で限界加工率とした。This was subjected to intermediate annealing (750°C for 5 minutes) while cold wire drawing to a diameter of 2.6 mm, and final annealing (750°C).
x 5 minutes), cold wire drawing was performed until wire breakage occurred, and the limit drawing rate was set at the point where wire breakage occurred.
上記のルツボを使用して溶解した場合のｃｌ、限界加工
率およびルツボの寿命を評価した。その結果を第１表お
よび図面に示す。The cl, limit processing rate, and crucible life when melting was performed using the above crucible were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 and the drawings.
第１表
第１表より明らかなように、従来の黒鉛ルツボを用いた
場合はＣの含有量が多く、このため限界加工率が著しく
低い。焼結ＣａＯルツボを使用した場合はＣの含有量が
少なく限界加工率も高い。As is clear from Table 1, when a conventional graphite crucible is used, the C content is high, and therefore the limit processing rate is extremely low. When a sintered CaO crucible is used, the C content is low and the limit processing rate is high.
しかし図より明らかなようにルツボが使用不可能になる
までの熔解回数（ルツボの寿命）は５回程度である。こ
れに対し本発明のルツボを用いた場合はＣの含有量が低
く限界加工率が高い、また溶射ＣａＯの厚さが５０−の
ものは寿命が１２〜１３回、厚さ１００−のものは１４
〜１５回と寿命が著しく向上することが明らかである。However, as is clear from the figure, the number of times the crucible can be melted until it becomes unusable (life span of the crucible) is about 5 times. On the other hand, when the crucible of the present invention is used, the C content is low and the limit processing rate is high, and the life of the thermally sprayed CaO with a thickness of 50 - is 12 to 13 times, and the life of the crucible with a thickness of 100 - is high. 14
It is clear that the service life is significantly improved to ~15 times.
さらに本発明のルツボを使用した溶解法によればＣ量の
含有量が減少し、限界加工率を向上し、このため線加工
の際の歩留りを著しく改善することができる。Furthermore, according to the melting method using the crucible of the present invention, the content of C is reduced, the limit processing rate is improved, and therefore the yield during wire processing can be significantly improved.
以上に説明したように、本発明によれば活性金属の溶解
に際し、Ｃなどの不純物含有量を減少せしめ、かつ安価
な熱ショックに強い溶解ルツボを提供すると共に、これ
らの金属の加工性を著しく向上させたもので工業上極め
て顕著な効果を有するものである。As explained above, according to the present invention, when melting active metals, it is possible to reduce the content of impurities such as C, provide an inexpensive melting crucible that is resistant to heat shock, and significantly improve the workability of these metals. It has been improved and has extremely significant industrial effects.
図面は本発明の溶解ルツボの寿命試験結果を示す図であ
る。The drawing is a diagram showing the life test results of the melting crucible of the present invention.
Claims (3)
上生成してなる溶解ルツボ。(1) A melting crucible in which a CaO layer of 50 μm or more is formed on the inner wall of a refractory by thermal spraying.
上生成した溶解ルツボに活性な金属を装入し、高周波真
空溶解炉により１×１０＾−＾２ｔｏｒｒ以上の真空に
した後真空または不活性ガス雰囲気中で溶解鋳造するこ
とを特徴とする溶解法。(2) Charge the active metal into a melting crucible in which a CaO layer of 50 μm or more has been formed on the inner wall of the refractory by thermal spraying, create a vacuum of 1×10^-^2 torr or more using a high-frequency vacuum melting furnace, and then vacuum or inert. A melting method characterized by melting and casting in a gas atmosphere.
する特許請求の範囲第２項記載の溶解法。(3) The melting method according to claim 2, wherein the active metal is a NiTi alloy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6069587A JPS63227728A (en) | 1987-03-16 | 1987-03-16 | Melting crucible and melting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6069587A JPS63227728A (en) | 1987-03-16 | 1987-03-16 | Melting crucible and melting method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63227728A true JPS63227728A (en) | 1988-09-22 |
Family
ID=13149689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6069587A Pending JPS63227728A (en) | 1987-03-16 | 1987-03-16 | Melting crucible and melting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63227728A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05200529A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-08-10 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Directional coagulation casting of aluminum titanium |
| KR20160080470A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-08 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING Ni-Ti SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BY USING DOUBLE MELTING |
| CN108455971A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-08-28 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of platinum alloy crucible for smelting |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5068919A (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1975-06-09 | ||
| JPS58133338A (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1983-08-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for melting titanium group metal or alloy thereof |
| JPS5967332A (en) * | 1982-10-07 | 1984-04-17 | Chuo Denki Kogyo Kk | Production of shape memory alloy |
-
1987
- 1987-03-16 JP JP6069587A patent/JPS63227728A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5068919A (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1975-06-09 | ||
| JPS58133338A (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1983-08-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for melting titanium group metal or alloy thereof |
| JPS5967332A (en) * | 1982-10-07 | 1984-04-17 | Chuo Denki Kogyo Kk | Production of shape memory alloy |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05200529A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-08-10 | General Electric Co <Ge> | Directional coagulation casting of aluminum titanium |
| KR20160080470A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-08 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING Ni-Ti SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BY USING DOUBLE MELTING |
| CN108455971A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-08-28 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of platinum alloy crucible for smelting |
| CN108455971B (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of crucible for smelting platinum alloy |
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