JP5593696B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5593696B2 JP5593696B2 JP2009540027A JP2009540027A JP5593696B2 JP 5593696 B2 JP5593696 B2 JP 5593696B2 JP 2009540027 A JP2009540027 A JP 2009540027A JP 2009540027 A JP2009540027 A JP 2009540027A JP 5593696 B2 JP5593696 B2 JP 5593696B2
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- GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quaterphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical group C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003214 pyranose derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VEPOUCHBIJXQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazabole Chemical compound [B-]1N2C=CC=[N+]2[B-][N+]2=CC=CN12 VEPOUCHBIJXQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical group O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical group C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002053 thietanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001730 thiiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical group C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004402 ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
下記一般式(1)で表される部分構造を有し、かつ常圧下、25℃におけるiso−ブタノールに対する溶解度が0.05g/L以下である化合物、及び下記一般式(2)で表される金属錯体化合物を含有する前記発光層を形成する工程と、
前記発光層上に、湿式法により前記電子輸送層を形成する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
2.前記一般式(2)が、下記一般式(3)で表されることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
3.前記一般式(3)のAがベンゼン環を表すことを特徴とする前記2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
8.前記一般式(4)におけるXc1〜Xc8が全て炭素原子であることを特徴とする前記7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
13.前記一般式(5)におけるXd1〜Xd6が全て炭素原子であることを特徴とする前記12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
17.前記電子輸送層を形成する工程では、電子輸送材料をアルコール類を含む溶剤に溶解した溶液を塗布することを特徴とする前記1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
102 ITO透明電極
103 隔壁
104 正孔注入層
105B、105G、105R 発光層
207 透明電極付きガラス基板
206 有機EL層
205 陰極
202 ガラスカバー
208 窒素ガス
209 捕水剤
本発明に係る一般式(2)で表される金属錯体においては、m1>m2である場合、m1を有する括弧内に示す部分構造若しくはその互変異性体で表される部分構造を主配位子と称し、m2を有する括弧内に示す部分構造若しくはその互変異性体で表される部分構造を副配位子と称す。
1982年発行等に記載の配位子(例えば、ハロゲン配位子(好ましくは塩素配位子))、含窒素ヘテロ環配位子(例えば、ビピリジル、フェナントロリンなど)、ジケトン配位子などが挙げられる。
本発明に係る一般式(2)で表される金属錯体の形成に用いられる金属としては、元素周期表の8〜10族の遷移金属元素(単に遷移金属ともいう)が用いられるが、中でも、イリジウム、白金が好ましい遷移金属元素として挙げられる。更に好ましくは、イリジウムが良い。
本発明に係る一般式(3)におけるMとしては、元素周期表の8〜10族の遷移金属元素(単に遷移金属とも言う)を表すが、中でも、イリジウム、プラチナが好ましい遷移金属元素として挙げられる。更に好ましくは、イリジウムが良い。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層(機能層)について説明する。本発明において、有機EL素子の層構成の好ましい具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
本発明の有機EL素子においては、青色発光層の発光極大波長は430nm〜480nmにあるものが好ましく、緑色発光層は発光極大波長が510nm〜550nm、赤色発光層は発光極大波長が600nm〜640nmの範囲にある単色発光層であることが好ましく、これらを用いた表示装置であることが好ましい。また、これらの少なくとも3層の発光層を積層して白色発光層としたものであってもよい。更に、発光層間には非発光性の中間層を有していてもよい。本発明の有機EL素子としては白色発光層であることが好ましく、これらを用いた照明装置であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る発光層は、電極又は電子輸送層、正孔輸送層から注入されてくる電子及び正孔が再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接層との界面であってもよい。
本発明において用いられるホスト化合物について説明する。
本発明に係る発光ドーパントについて説明する。
本発明に係るリン光発光性ドーパントについて説明する。
本発明においては、蛍光ドーパントを用いることができる。蛍光ドーパント(蛍光性化合物)としては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、又は希土類錯体系蛍光体等が挙げられる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記の如く有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層のほかに必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11−204258号公報、同11−204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
また、本発明では、上記の各機能層において、反応性基をもつ有機化合物(反応性有機化合物)を用いてもよい。反応性有機化合物を用いる層としては特に制限はなく、各層に用いることができる。それぞれ各機能層に反応性基をもつそれぞれの機能を持つ有機材料を用いればよい。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。
一方、陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる支持基板(以下、基体、基板、基材、支持体等とも言う)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。支持基板側から光を取り出す場合には、支持基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な支持基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい支持基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明に用いられる封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み支持基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量且つ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7〜2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15%から20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明の有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいは所謂集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製法を説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
《溶解度の測定》
25度の環境下、iso−ブタノール100mlに表Aに示される化合物を各々5mg加えて、3時間撹拌した後、完全に化合物が溶解したか否かを目視で確認し、完溶したものを○、しなかったものを×とした。完溶しなかったものが本発明の化合物に相当する。
《有機EL素子の2−1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子2−4の作製において、PVKを表2に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は有機EL素子2−4と同様にして有機EL素子を各々作製しようとしたが、有機EL素子2−1〜2−3は電子輸送層を塗る際に発光層が溶け出し、素子が作成できなかった。有機EL素子2−5〜2−12は有機EL素子2−4と同様に作成できた。
得られた有機EL素子2−4〜2−12を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図2、図3に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2、定電流を印加したときの外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ0.5)として寿命の指標とした。
《有機EL素子の3−4の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子3−4の作製において、PVKを表3に示す化合物に置き換えた以外は有機EL素子3−4と同様にして有機EL素子を各々作製しようとしたが、有機EL素子3−1〜3−3は電子輸送層を塗る際に発光層が溶け出し、素子が作成できなかった。有機EL素子3−5〜3−10は有機EL素子3−4と同様に作成できた。
得られた有機EL素子3−4〜3−10を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図2、図3に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ0.5)として寿命の指標とした。
《有機ELフルカラー表示装置の作製》
図1は有機ELフルカラー表示装置の概略構成図を示す。陽極としてガラス基板101上にITO透明電極(102)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)に100μmのピッチでパターニングを行った後、このガラス基板上でITO透明電極の間に非感光性ポリイミドの隔壁103(幅20μm、厚さ2.0μm)をフォトリソグラフィーで形成させた。
正孔輸送材料1 20質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(青色発光層組成物)
化合物例1−1 0.7質量部
ドーパント4 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(緑色発光層組成物)
化合物例1−1 0.7質量部
ドーパント1 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(赤色発光層組成物)
化合物例1−1 0.7質量部
ドーパント2 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(電子輸送層組成物)
電子輸送材料1 20質量部
1−ブタノール 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
《白色の有機EL素子5−1の作製》
実施例2の透明電極基板上に、実施例2と同様に正孔輸送層/第2の正孔輸送層をスピンコート法により形成し、更に発光層として、100mgの化合物例1−1、10mgのドーパント5及び0.1mgのドーパント3を10mlのトルエンに溶解した溶液を1000rpm、30秒の条件下、スピンコート法により製膜した。120℃で1時間真空乾燥し、膜厚約50nmの発光層とした。
《有機EL素子6−1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明支持基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
得られた有機EL素子6−1及び6−2を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚み300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材として、エポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明支持基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して、硬化させて、封止して、図2、図3に示すような照明装置を形成して評価した。
作製した有機EL素子について、23℃、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2定電流を印加した時の外部取り出し量子効率(%)を測定した。尚、測定には同様に分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。また、表4の外部取りだし量子効率の測定結果は、有機EL素子2−4の測定値を100としたときの相対値で表した。
2.5mA/cm2の一定電流で駆動したときに、輝度が発光開始直後の輝度(初期輝度)の半分に低下するのに要した時間を測定し、これを半減寿命時間(τ0.5)として寿命の指標とした。尚、測定には分光放射輝度計CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いた。また、表4の寿命の測定結果は、有機EL素子6−1を100とした時の相対値で表した。
Claims (20)
- 発光層、電子輸送層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法であって、
下記一般式(1)で表される部分構造を有し、かつ常圧下、25℃におけるiso−ブタノールに対する溶解度が0.05g/L以下である化合物、及び下記一般式(2)で表される金属錯体化合物を含有する前記発光層を形成する工程と、
前記発光層上に、湿式法により前記電子輸送層を形成する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(2)が、下記一般式(3)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(3)のAがベンゼン環を表すことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(3)で表される金属錯体化合物が同一の配位子のみで構成されることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(3)のMがイリジウム又はプラチナであることを特徴とする請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される部分構造を有する化合物の分子量が、700〜3000であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(1)におけるArが、下記一般式(4)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(4)におけるXc1〜Xc8が全て炭素原子であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- YcがO又はN−Rcであることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- YcがN−Rcであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(4)におけるRc3とRc6が連結に用いられることを特徴とする請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(1)におけるArが、下記一般式(5)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(5)におけるXd1〜Xd6が全て炭素原子であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(5)におけるRd1とRd3が連結に用いられることを特徴とする請求項12又は13に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(1)におけるYaがN−Raを表すことを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(1)におけるRaがArとの連結に用いられることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記電子輸送層を形成する工程では、電子輸送材料をアルコール類を含む溶剤に溶解した溶液を塗布することを特徴とする請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記電子輸送層を形成する工程では、電子輸送材料をn−ブタノールに溶解した溶液を塗布することを特徴とする請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記電子輸送層を形成する工程では、電子輸送材料をiso−ブタノールに溶解した溶液を塗布することを特徴とする請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 前記発光層を形成する工程では、発光層を湿式法で形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
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