FR2648495A1

FR2648495A1 - Adaptable construction system consisting of prefabricated elements which can be assembled rapidly and which are resistant to cyclonic winds

Info

Publication number: FR2648495A1
Application number: FR8908235A
Authority: FR
Original assignee: KOYADINOVIC SERGE
Current assignee: KOYADINOVIC SERGE
Priority date: 1989-06-16
Filing date: 1989-06-16
Publication date: 1990-12-21

Abstract

The invention relates to an entirely prefabricated construction system for rapid and adaptable assembly, consisting: of two primary framework elements; a column having an axial orifice 1, four wings 2 and an H-shaped beam 3 having rebates 4; two secondary framework elements: a truncated column 5 and a foundation cross with central orifice 6; two vertical filling elements of stem formation 7 engaging between the wings of the columns and in the lower and upper rebates of the beams, and the horizontal elements of slab form 8 resting on the heels of the beams. According to the invention, the system resistant to cyclonic winds is particularly suitable for rapid assembly and for facilitating the flow of the fluids in the orifices and rebates formed for this purpose.

Description

SYSTEME RAPIDE DE CONSTRUCTION DES BATIMENTS
RESISTANT AUX VENTS CYCLONIgUE8
L'invention a pour objet un nouveau système de construction
des bâtiments à partir d'éléments préfabriqués comprenant
des poteaux,(fig.l, fig.5, fig.6 fig.7) des poutres, (fig.8 et fig.9)
des dalles (fig.11) et des panneaux de remplissage, (fig.lO)
caracttérisé par le fait que l'ossature se compose, sur un plan à
maille régulière polygonale, de poteaux placés à chaque noeud
de la maille et reliés deux à deux par des poutres (fig.l9), les
poteaux et les poutres étant respectivement identiques entre
eux, chaque poteau comprenant sur sa pénphérie les ailes
longitudinales,(fig.1, coupe A.A et fig.2, fig.3 fig.4 - n03)
ouvertes sur un côté de la maille polygonale, les ailes étant
raidies entre elles par des entretoises (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7
n 4). Les poteaux sont munis leur pied de pièces d'angle
(fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.4, fig.5 fig.6, fig.7 - n0l) reliant deux à
deux les bases des nervures voisines ortogonales de part et
d'autre des feuillures, chaque pièce d'angle étant munie d'un
prolongement vers le bas emboîtable entre deux nervures
voisines du poteau de l'étage inférieur (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7
n0 2). Par conséquent, les poteaux sont superposables,
s'cmboitant respectivement dans la tête et le pied des poteaux
inférieurs et supérieurs (fig. 13). A la tête de chaque poteau
courant existe un prolongement sur toute la hauteur ou en
forme de console, (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7- n 5). Les prolonge
ments d'une paire de nervures forment le support d'une pou
tre. (fig.12, fig.13 n 5). Les supports s'étendant chacune selon
un côté de la maille polygonale (fig.19 n05), lesdits supports
étant encastrables sous les faces inférieures des extrémités
des poutres. (fig.l2, fig.13 n 5). Le poteau comprend au moins
quatre ailes longitudinales réparties au tour de son axe, et
écartées d'un intervalle formant une feuillure sur toute la
hauteur du poteau (fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.4, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7
n0 13). Ces nervures peuvent avoir les différentes formes.FAST BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
RESISTANT TO WINDS CYCLONIGUE8
The subject of the invention is a new construction system
buildings from prefabricated elements including
posts, (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6 fig.7) beams, (fig.8 and fig.9)
slabs (fig. 11) and filling panels, (fig.lO)
characterized by the fact that the framework is composed, on a plane
regular polygonal mesh, posts placed at each knot
of the mesh and connected two by two by beams (fig.l9), the
columns and beams being respectively identical between
them, each post including on its peninsula the wings
longitudinal, (fig.1, section AA and fig.2, fig.3 fig.4 - n03)
open on one side of the polygonal mesh, the wings being
stiffened together by spacers (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7
n 4). The posts are provided at their feet with corner pieces
(fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.4, fig.5 fig.6, fig.7 - n0l) connecting two to
two the bases of the adjacent ortogonal ribs on the side and
on the other of the rebates, each corner piece being provided with a
interlocking downward extension between two ribs
next to the post on the lower floor (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7
# 2). Therefore, the posts are stackable,
interlocking respectively in the head and the foot of the posts
lower and upper (fig. 13). At the head of each post
current exists an extension over the entire height or in
console shape, (fig.l, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7- n 5). Extends them
elements of a pair of ribs form the support of a louse
be. (fig.12, fig.13 n 5). The supports each extending according to
one side of the polygonal mesh (fig. 19 n05), said supports
being recessed under the lower faces of the ends
beams. (fig. 12, fig. 13 n 5). The post includes at least
four longitudinal wings distributed around its axis, and
separated by an interval forming a rebate over the entire
post height (fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.4, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7
13). These ribs can have different shapes.

(fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.4, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7- n03). Le poteau
comporte un orifice axial (fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.10,
fig.l8, fig.l9 - n014) (c'est un tuyau noyé dans le béton du
poteau semboitant dans le tuyau du poteau suivant - fig. 18,
- n0 15. Cet orifice permet un cheminement facile des fluides).(fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.4, fig.5, fig.6, fig.7- n03). The pole
has an axial hole (fig.l, fig.2, fig.3, fig.10,
fig.l8, fig.l9 - n014) (it is a pipe embedded in the concrete of
post fitting into the pipe of the next post - fig. 18,
- n0 15. This opening allows an easy flow of fluids).

La poutre dans sa partie centrale a une section en forme
de H (fig.9) dont les ailes (fig.8 et fig.9 n06) encadrent les feuil lures axiales sur son extrados et son intrados (fig.9 - n07) et se prolongent par deux flancs inférieurs (fig.8-n09) reliés chacun à la base d'une aile (fig.8 et fig.9 - n06) de la partie centrale par un talon (fig.8 et fig.9 n010) formant ainsi deux feuillures latérales (fig.8 et fig.9 -n08) sur sa gauche et sa droite. Les pou tres sont munies à chaque extrémité d'un embout central (fig.8 et fig.9 - n011) susceptible de s'engager entre les ailes longitudinales des poteaux, (fig.l3) et dc deux embouts latéraux (fig.The beam in its central part has a shaped section
of H (fig.9) whose wings (fig.8 and fig.9 n06) frame the axial lures on its upper surface and its lower surface (fig.9 - n07) and are extended by two lower flanks (fig.8- n09) each connected to the base of a wing (fig.8 and fig.9 - n06) of the central part by a heel (fig.8 and fig.9 n010) thus forming two lateral rebates (fig.8 and fig .9 -n08) on its left and right. The beams are provided at each end with a central end piece (fig.8 and fig.9 - n011) capable of engaging between the longitudinal flanges of the posts, (fig.l3) and two lateral end pieces (fig.

8 et 9- n012) susceptibles de s'engager sous les pièces d'angle d'un poteau dans la hauteur du prolongement vers le bas.8 and 9- n012) likely to engage under the corner pieces of a post in the height of the extension downwards.

(fig.13 - n012). L'ensemble étant solidarisé par un lien mécani- que ct l'encastrement entre l'entretoise inférieure du poteau supérieur et l'entretoise supérieure du poteau inférieur (fig.13 n04 et - n011). Les deux feuillures axiales et les deux feuillures latérales permettent un cheminement facile des fluides, (fig 8 et 9 - n07 et n"8). De plus, sur la terrasse ou la toiture, la feuillure axialc située sur l'extrados d'une poutre, forme un caniveau susceptible d'évacuer les eaux pluviales (fig.8 et fig. 9 n"7). Les éléments d'ossature sont en béton armé traditionnel ou léger et les éléments de remplissage en toute sorte de matériaux : Béton armé traditionnel ou léger. bois, briques, planchers-hourdis, pierres naturelles ou artificielles. Les panneaux de remplissage (fig.lO, 12, 19 - n017) ont leurs bords en gagés dans les feuillures longitudinales des poteaux (n"13) eL les feuillures axiales de la poutre reliant les par ties supérieures desdits poteaux (n"7). Les dalles sont posées sur les talons des poutres (n010) et les pièces d'angle des poteaux (n0 1) et fixées par un lien mécanique.(fig. 13 - n012). The assembly being secured by a mechanical link and the fitting between the lower spacer of the upper post and the upper spacer of the lower post (fig.13 n04 and - n011). The two axial rabbets and the two lateral rabbets allow an easy flow of the fluids, (fig 8 and 9 - n07 and n "8). In addition, on the terrace or the roof, the axial rabbet located on the upper surface of a beam, forms a gutter capable of evacuating rainwater (fig. 8 and fig. 9 n "7). The frame elements are in traditional or light reinforced concrete and the filling elements in all kinds of materials: Traditional or light reinforced concrete. wood, bricks, floor-slabs, natural or artificial stones. The filling panels (fig.lO, 12, 19 - n017) have their edges engaged in the longitudinal rebates of the posts (n "13) and the axial rebates of the beam connecting the upper parts of said posts (n" 7) . The slabs are laid on the heels of the beams (n010) and the corner pieces of the posts (n0 1) and fixed by a mechanical link.

Les poteaux du rez de chaussée s'appuient sur les fondations par l'intermédiaire d'une croix de fondation (fig 14, fig.l5 et fig.l8 - nu19) ayant un orifice axial et le meme nombre de branche que celui des côtés de la maille polygonale, chaque branche ayant une largeur égale à l'épaisseur d'une paire de nervures du poteau écartées d'un intervalle formant une feuillure, lesdites branches servant de support aux poutres reliant les bases des poteaux de rez-de-chaussée.The posts of the ground floor are supported on the foundations by the intermediary of a cross of foundation (fig 14, fig.l5 and fig.l8 - nu19) having an axial orifice and the same number of branch as that of the sides of polygonal mesh, each branch having a width equal to the thickness of a pair of post ribs spaced apart by an interval forming a rebate, said branches serving as support for the beams connecting the bases of the ground floor posts .

L'orifice axial ressort en forme de coude sur une des faces de la croix (fig.l5, fig.l8 - n"15). The axial hole comes out in the shape of an elbow on one of the faces of the cross (fig.l5, fig.l8 - n "15).

Les poteaux courants de l'étage supérieur sont terminés chacun par un poteau tronqué ayant un orifice axial et une forme identique au pied d'un poteau, sur une hauteur égale à celle d'une poutre (fig.16, fig.l7 - n014 et n016)). L'OFjf;Ce axial permet d'évacuer les eaux pluviales. The current posts of the upper floor are each terminated by a truncated post having an axial opening and an identical shape at the foot of a post, on a height equal to that of a beam (fig. 16, fig.l7 - n014 and n016)). The OFjf; This axial allows the evacuation of rainwater.

Grflce iu petit nombre et toujours répétitif des éléments d'ossature, la caractéristique essentielle du système selon l'inventeur et de se composer d'un très petit nombre de pièces de base, ce qui réduit considérablement la durée d'txécution ct de ce fait, son coût. En outre, le système selon l'invention permet une grande variété de plans et se caractérisc par la possibilité d'apportcr par la suite, des extensions à la construction, notamment en lui ajoutant très facilement des pièces supplémentaires dans les trois dimensions. (fig.l2, fig.13)
Selon l'invention, comme déjà cxposée ci-avant, I'ossature se compose sur un plan à trame régulière polygonale de poteaux placés au noeud de la maille et reliés deux à deux par des poutres et des poteaux. Le montage est facilité par le fait que les poteaux soient composés de 4 ailes permuttant un encadrement immédiat des panneaux verticaux. (fig.10; coupe suivant E-E). Le montage commence par la pose d'une croix de fondation (fig. 14). La fondation proprement dite est coulée sur place et adaptée aux contraintes admissibles au sol. Cette fondation peut-être superficielle ou profonde (fig.15 - n020).Thanks to the small and always repetitive number of framework elements, the essential characteristic of the system according to the inventor and to be composed of a very small number of basic parts, which considerably reduces the duration of execution and therefore , its cost. In addition, the system according to the invention allows a wide variety of plans and is characterized by the possibility of subsequently adding extensions to the construction, in particular by very easily adding additional parts in three dimensions. (fig. 12, fig. 13)
According to the invention, as already explained above, the framework is composed on a plane with a regular polygonal grid of posts placed at the knot of the mesh and connected two by two by beams and posts. The assembly is facilitated by the fact that the posts are composed of 4 wings permuting an immediate framing of the vertical panels. (fig. 10; section according to EE). The assembly begins with the installation of a foundation cross (fig. 14). The actual foundation is poured on site and adapted to the admissible stresses on the ground. This foundation may be superficial or deep (fig. 15 - n020).

Chaque croix de fondation comporte une réservation liée à la réservation centrale d'un poteau courant et permet ainsi un passage facile des fluides (plomberie, et électricité, etc - fig.Each foundation cross has a reservation linked to the central reservation of a current post and thus allows easy passage of fluids (plumbing, and electricity, etc - fig.

18). Après la pose des croix de fondations on pose les poutres creuses ou pleines (fig. 8 - coupe suivant C-C et D-D), adaptées aux besoins de transfert des fluides. Une fois les poutres posées on emboite les poteaux sur les croix des fondations. et les embouts des poutres par intermédiaire d'un mortier de pose et d'un système de scellement de type måle-femelle à l'aide d'un produit spécial de scellement par exemple, "EMBECO" ou "ARMATUBE", marque déposée et commercialisée.18). After laying the foundation crosses, the hollow or solid beams are laid (fig. 8 - section along C-C and D-D), adapted to the fluid transfer needs. Once the beams have been placed, the posts are fitted on the crosses of the foundations. and the ends of the beams through a laying mortar and a male-female type sealing system using a special sealing product for example, "EMBECO" or "ARMATUBE", registered trademark and marketed.

(fig. 18 détail H et I). La pose est facilitée, selon l'invention par l'existence d'un orifice axial comportant un tuyau dépassant les pièces d'angle au pied d'un poteau inférieur (fig. 18 - détail 1) et s'emboitant automatiquement dans le tuyau du poteau suivant. Une fois les poteaux et les tuyaux emboités, on pose la dalle (n018) qui s'appuie sur les talons (n010) des poutres (fig. 11 - coupe suivant F-F et détail
G) et les pièces d'angle au pied de chaque poteau fig.19 n"ls, n01 et n 10) . Les dalles sont fixées, sur les poutres à l'aide d'un moyen mécanique. (Boulonnage, spitterocks, clavetage par armature et mortier spécial (fig.l I détail G). Cette opération est répétée de bas vers le haut de la construction, toujours en même ordre. L'invention sera mieux comprise en se référant à une maille type très simple (FIG.l9) et i la perspective éclatée (:IG.O). Les orifices axiaux des poteaux serviront avantageusement au passage . des eaux de pluie, des conduits de descente d'eaux usées, des arrivées d'eau et d'électricité. Le branchement des appareils sanitaires se fcra par les ouvertures reliant les fonds de feuillures aux orifices axiaux (fiv.18 - n014). Il est annoter que les ailes des poteaux peuvent avoir toutes les formes possibles (fig.5, fig;6, fig. 7) et de cc fait participer à l'expression architecturale de l'ensemble.(fig. 18 detail H and I). Installation is facilitated, according to the invention by the existence of an axial orifice comprising a pipe protruding from the corner pieces at the foot of a lower post (fig. 18 - detail 1) and automatically fitting into the pipe next post. Once the posts and pipes have been fitted, we lay the slab (n018) which rests on the heels (n010) of the beams (fig. 11 - section along FF and detail
G) and the corner pieces at the foot of each post fig.19 n "ls, n01 and n 10). The slabs are fixed to the beams using mechanical means. (Bolting, spitterocks, keying by reinforcement and special mortar (fig.l I detail G). This operation is repeated from the bottom to the top of the construction, always in the same order. The invention will be better understood by referring to a very simple type mesh (FIG. l9) and i the exploded perspective (: IG.O). The axial orifices of the posts will advantageously be used for the passage of rainwater, wastewater downpipes, water and electricity inlets. sanitary fixtures will be fcra through the openings connecting the rebate bottoms to the axial orifices (fiv.18 - n014). ) and cc is involved in the architectural expression of the whole.

Ce système constructif, selon l'invention, permet d'édifier des bâtiments à étages. En effet, la section résistante d'un poteau pourra être augmentée à partir de celle de base (fig. 2 - fig.3 - fig.4). On voit donc que le système de construction qui vient d'être présenté à l'avantage de pouvoir être réalisé très rapidement. En effet, la totalité des pièces constitutives est réalisée en préfabriqué, ce qui permet de bénéficier des meilleures conditions de fabrication et d'obtenir un excellent aspect de surface et de faibles tolérances sur les dimensions des éléments. En outre, le nombre d'éléments constitutifs est très réduit puisque l'ossature ne se compose pratiquement que de deux éléments principaux, la poutre et le poteau, auxquels s'ajoutent deux éléments secondaires, les croix de fondations et les poteaux tronqués du dernier étage . Les panneaux de façade et les cloisons internes peuvent éventuellement être trouvés dans le commerce et le montage des 2 réseaux d'élec tricité et d'eau ou de la climatisation est grandement facilité par la structure creuse des poteaux, et des poutres tous les conduits techniques pouvant être placés à l'intérieur de ceux-ci. En utilisant les mêmes poteaux à l'intérieur et en façade, on garde en attente sur les façades les supports des poutres en forme de prolongement (n"5) et les feuillures (n013) des poteaux qui permettront d'étendre éventuellement la construction par l'adjonction de nouvelles pièces. Le bâtiment pourra ainsi évoluer suivant les besoins sans nécessiter de travaux importants puisque les panneaux de façade peuvent être facilement démontés et replacés sur la nouvelle façade.This constructive system, according to the invention, makes it possible to construct multi-storey buildings. Indeed, the resistant section of a post can be increased from that of base (fig. 2 - fig.3 - fig.4). It can therefore be seen that the construction system which has just been presented has the advantage of being able to be produced very quickly. In fact, all of the constituent parts are made in prefabricated form, which makes it possible to benefit from the best manufacturing conditions and to obtain an excellent surface appearance and low tolerances on the dimensions of the elements. In addition, the number of constituent elements is very reduced since the framework consists practically only of two main elements, the beam and the post, to which are added two secondary elements, the crosses of foundations and the truncated posts of the last floor. Facade panels and internal partitions can possibly be found commercially and the assembly of 2 electricity and water networks or air conditioning is greatly facilitated by the hollow structure of the posts, and of the beams all the technical conduits that can be placed inside them. Using the same posts inside and on the facade, we keep waiting on the facades the supports of the beams in the form of an extension (n "5) and the rebates (n013) of the posts which will eventually allow the construction to be extended by adding new rooms, allowing the building to evolve as needed without requiring major work since the facade panels can be easily dismantled and replaced on the new facade.

De même, on pourra ajouter un ou plusieurs étages. En effet, il sera facile de desceller les poteaux tronqués (fig.16 et fig.l7) pour les remplacer par des poteaux courants (fig.1). Similarly, one or more floors can be added. Indeed, it will be easy to unseal the truncated posts (fig.16 and fig.l7) to replace them with standard posts (fig.1).

L'invention ne se limite pas aux détails du mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit ; I'essentiel de l'invention résidant dans l'utilisation pour la construction d'un très petit nombre d'éléments de base emboités les uns dans les autres. The invention is not limited to the details of the embodiment which has just been described; The essence of the invention residing in the use for the construction of a very small number of basic elements nested one inside the other.

En outre, il est avantageux d'utiliser une maille carrée dont le côté serait compris entre trois et quatre mètres de façon à s'adapter à certaines normes actuelles, mais on pourrait évidemment utiliser le même système avec d'autres mailles plus grandes. carrées ou polygonales. En outre, la forme des poteaux et des poutres a été volontairement dessinée en tenant compte principalement des impératifs fonctionnels, mais on pourrait bien entendu les modifier (fig.5, fig.6, fig.7).In addition, it is advantageous to use a square mesh whose side would be between three and four meters so as to adapt to certain current standards, but one could obviously use the same system with other larger meshes. square or polygonal. In addition, the shape of the posts and beams was deliberately drawn taking mainly into account the functional requirements, but we could of course modify them (fig.5, fig.6, fig.7).

L'ensemble de l'ossature et de ses liaisons est calculé de façon à résister aux vents cycloniques suivant les normes actuellement applicables sur l'ile de la Réunion, dans l'Océan
Indien. (Vitesse extrême du vent 288 km/h). The entire framework and its connections are calculated to withstand cyclonic winds according to the standards currently applicable on Reunion Island, in the Ocean
Indian. (Extreme wind speed 288 km / h).

Claims

10) System for building construction from prefabricated elements, comprising posts, beams, slabs and infill panels, characterized in that the sc framework consists of posts on a regular polygonal mesh plan placed at each node of the mesh and connected two by two by beams, the posts and the beams being respectively identical between them, each post comprising on its periphery the longitudinal wings, open on one side of the polygonal mesh, the wings being stiff between them by spacers, each beam having on its lower and upper surfaces an axial rebate and on its sides two lateral rebates, and that the filling panels have their edges engaged in the longitudinal rebates of the posts and the axial rebates of the beam connecting the upper parts of said posts, and the slabs are placed on the lateral heels of the beams and the pieces of angl e at the foot of the posts and fixed by a mechanical link, the assembly being designed and calculated so as to withstand the cyclonic wind.

2 ") Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts are stackable, fitting into the head and the foot of the lower and upper posts. The head of the post comprises extensions in the form of supports extending each along one side of the polygonal mesh, said supports being recessed under the lower faces of the ends of the beams.

The post comprises at least four longitudinal wings distributed around its axis, and spaced apart by an interval forming a rebate over the entire height of the post. These ribs can have different shapes.

30) Construction system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the post is provided at its foot with corner pieces connecting two by two the bases of the adjacent ortogonal ribs on either side of the rebates, each piece angle being provided with a nestable downward extension between two adjacent ribs of the post of the lower floor.

4) Construction system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ribs comprise at the head of the post, an extension over the entire height or in the form of a console, the extensions of a pair of ribs forming a support beam.

50) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam comprises a central part having an H-shaped section whose wings frame the axial rebates on its upper surface and its lower surface and are extended by two lower flanks each connected at the base of a wing of the central part by a heel thus forming two lateral rabbets on its left and its right. The beams are provided at each end with a central end piece capable of engaging between the longitudinal flanges of the posts and two lateral end pieces capable of engaging under the corner pieces of a post in the height of its extension towards the bottom. The assembly being secured by a mechanical link and the fitting between the lower spacer of the upper post and the upper spacer of the lower post.

60) Construction system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the posts on the ground floor are supported on the foundations by means of a foundation cross having an axial orifice and the same number of branches as that of the sides of the polygonal mesh, each branch having the width equal to the thickness of a pair of post ribs spaced apart by an interval forming a rebate1 said branches serving as support for the beams connecting the bases of the ground posts -of the road. The axial orifice emerges in the form of an elbow on one of the faces of the cross.

7) Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts of the upper floor are each terminated by a truncated post having an axial orifice and an identical shape at the foot of a current post, over a height equal to .that of a beam.

8) Construction system according to claims 2, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that the current post, the truncated post and the cross of the foundations have an axial orifice, that the beams have on the upper surface a rebate and on the lower surface a axial rabbet and two lateral rabbets, allowing easy flow of fluids: drinking, used, rain water, telephone and electric cables etc.

9) Construction system according to claims 5, 7 and 8 characterized in that the axial orifice of a truncated post and the rebate on the upper surface of a beam form on the periphery of a constructive mesh on a gutter likely to evacuate rainwater from a terrace or roof.

100) Construction system according to claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that the vertical filling panels fit into the axial rebates of the beam, and the longitudinal post rebates, and are blocked between the spacers of the post , and by the slabs resting on the heels of a beam and the corner pieces at the foot of each post and are fixed by mechanical means.