EP1189879A1 - INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa - Google Patents

INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa

Info

Publication number
EP1189879A1
EP1189879A1 EP00936235A EP00936235A EP1189879A1 EP 1189879 A1 EP1189879 A1 EP 1189879A1 EP 00936235 A EP00936235 A EP 00936235A EP 00936235 A EP00936235 A EP 00936235A EP 1189879 A1 EP1189879 A1 EP 1189879A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
group
cycloalkyl
phenyl
member selected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00936235A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yonghong Song
Lane Clizbe
Charles Marlowe
Robert M. Scarborough
Ting Su
Bing-Yan Zhu
James Kanter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc
Original Assignee
COR Therapeutics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by COR Therapeutics Inc filed Critical COR Therapeutics Inc
Publication of EP1189879A1 publication Critical patent/EP1189879A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C311/30—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C311/45—Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups at least one of the singly-bound nitrogen atoms being part of any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom, e.g. N-acylaminosulfonamides
    • C07C311/46—Y being a hydrogen or a carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C317/00—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
    • C07C317/26—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C317/32—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton with sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/68—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/10—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel compounds which are potent and highly selective inhibitors of isolated factor Xa or when assembled in the prothrombinase complex. These compounds show selectivity for factor Xa versus other proteases of the coagulation (e.g. thrombin, fNIIa, flXa) or the fibrinolytic cascades (e.g. plasminogen activators, plasmin).
  • the present invention relates to novel monoamidino-containing compounds, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which are useful as potent and specific inhibitors of blood coagulation in mammals.
  • the invention relates to methods for using these inhibitors as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals characterized by coagulation disorders.
  • Hemostasis the control of bleeding, occurs by surgical means, or by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with blood coagulation and ways in which it assists in maintaining the integrity of mammalian circulation after injury, inflammation, disease, congenital defect, dysfunction or other disruption.
  • platelets and blood coagulation are both involved in thrombus formation, certain components of the coagulation cascade are primarily responsible for the amplification or acceleration of the processes involved in platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition.
  • Thrombin is a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade as well as in hemostasis. Thrombin plays a central role in thrombosis through its ability to catalyze the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and through its potent platelet activation activity. Direct or indirect inhibition of thrombin activity has been the focus of a variety of recent anticoagulant strategies as reviewed by Claeson, G., " Synthetic Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Substrates and Inhibitors of Thrombin and Other Proteases in the Blood Coagulation System", Blood Coag. Fibrinol. 5, 411-436 (1994).
  • Several classes of anticoagulants currently used in the clinic directly or indirectly affect thrombin (i.e. heparins, low-molecular weight heparins, heparin-like compounds and coumarins).
  • a prothrombinase complex including Factor Xa (a serine protease, the activated form of its Factor X precursor and a member of the calcium ion binding, gamma carboxyglutamyl (Gla)-containing, vitamin K dependent, blood coagulation glycoprotein family), converts the zymogen prothrombin into the active procoagulant thrombin.
  • Factor Xa a serine protease, the activated form of its Factor X precursor and a member of the calcium ion binding, gamma carboxyglutamyl (Gla)-containing, vitamin K dependent, blood coagulation glycoprotein family
  • Ga carboxyglutamyl
  • Polypeptides derived from hematophagous organisms have been reported which are highly potent and specific inhibitors of factor Xa.
  • United States Patent 4,588,587 describes anticoagulant activity in the saliva of the Mexican leech, Haementeria of icinalis. A principal component of this saliva was shown to be the polypeptide factor Xa inhibitor, antistasin (ATS), by Nutt, E. et al. , "The Amino Acid Sequence of Antistasin, a Potent Inhibitor of Factor Xa Reveals a Repeated Internal Structure", J. Biol. Chem., 262, 10162-10167 (1988).
  • ATS antistasin
  • tick anticoagulant peptide Another potent and highly specific inhibitor of Factor Xa, called tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP), has been isolated from the whole body extract of the soft tick Ornithidoros moubata, as reported by Waxman, L., et al, "Tick Anticoagulant Peptide (TAP) is a Novel Inhibitor of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa" Science, 248, 593-596 (1990).
  • Factor Xa inhibitory compounds which are not large polypeptide-type inhibitors have also been reported including: Tidwell, R.R. et al., "Strategies for Anticoagulation With Synthetic Protease Inhibitors. Xa Inhibitors Versus Thrombin Inhibitors", Thromb. Res., 19, 339-349 (1980); Turner, A.D. et al., "p-Amidino Esters as Irreversible Inhibitors of Factor IXa and Xa and Thrombin", Biochemistry, 25, 4929-4935 (1986); Hitomi, Y.
  • Factor Xa inhibitors which are small molecule organic compounds, such as nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds which have amidino substituent groups, wherein two functional groups of the compounds can bind to Factor Xa at two of its active sites.
  • WO 99/10316 describes compounds having a 4-phenyl-N-alkylamidino- piperidine and 4-phenoxy-N-alkylamidino-piperidine group connected to a 3- amidinophenyl group via a carboxamidealkyleneamino bridge
  • EP 798295 describes compounds having a 4-phenoxy-N-alkylamidino-piper
  • the present invention relates to novel compounds which inhibit factor Xa, their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which have particular biological properties and are useful as potent and specific inhibitors of blood coagulation in mammals.
  • the invention relates to methods of using these inhibitors as diagnostic reagents or as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals which have coagulation disorders, such as in the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary or cerebrovascular syndrome, any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system, any coagulopathy, and any thrombotic complications associated with extracorporeal circulation or instrumentation, and for the inhibition of coagulation in biological samples.
  • this invention relates to novel compounds which are potent and highly selective inhibitors of isolated factor Xa when assembled in the prothrombinase complex. These compounds show selectivity for factor Xa versus other proteases of the coagulation cascade (e.g. thrombin, etc.) or the fibrinolytic cascade, and are useful as diagnostic reagents as well as antithrombotic agents.
  • coagulation cascade e.g. thrombin, etc.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the formula I:
  • A is selected from:
  • R 1 is selected from:
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • n is an integer of 0-2;
  • Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 4 is selected from:
  • D is a direct link or is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 R la substituents;
  • R la is selected from:
  • Halo C M alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 ⁇ ,alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO 2 , (CH 2 ) m NR 2a R 3a , SO 2 NR 2a R 3a , SO 2 R 2a , CF 3 , OR 2a , and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C M alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 ⁇ alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO 2 .
  • n is an integer of 0-2;
  • R 2a and R 3a are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from:
  • C M alkylCOOC M alkyl wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C M alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 ⁇ alkylC 3 . 8 cycloaU yl, -CN and -NO 2 ;
  • G is selected from:
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 7a , R 8a , R 70 and R 8b are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • alkyl-phenyl, -C 0 ⁇ ,alkyl-naphthyl, -C 0 ⁇ ,alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5-6 membered monocyclic ring or a 8-12 membered bicyclic ring, and wherein 0-4 hydrogen atoms of the phenyl ring, the naphthyl ring carbon and the heterocyclic ring system are replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of -C,.
  • R 9 , R 9a , R 9b , R 9c and R 9d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R ⁇ is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 R lb substituents;
  • R lb is selected from:
  • N(R 2b )-C( O)R 3b , N(R 2b )-SO 2 -R 3b , and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C M alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 . 4 alkylC 3 . scycloalkyl, -CN and -NO 2 ;
  • R 2b and R 3b are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • n is an integer of 0-2;
  • R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from:
  • R 14 and R 15 are independently selected from:
  • the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention includes methods comprising using the above compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for preventing or treating disease states characterized by undesired thrombosis or disorders of the blood coagulation process in mammals, or for preventing coagulation in biological samples such as, for example, stored blood products and samples.
  • the methods of this invention comprise administering the pharmaceutical composition in combination with an additional therapeutic agent such as an antithrombotic and/or a thrombolytic agent and/or an anticoagulant.
  • the preferred compounds also include their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, hydrates, solvates, salts and prodrug derivatives.
  • alkenyl refers to a trivalent straight chain or branched chain unsaturated aliphatic radical.
  • alkinyl (or “alkynyl”) refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic radical that includes at least two carbons joined by a triple bond. If no number of carbons is specified alkenyl and alkinyl each refer to radicals having from 2-12 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl refers to saturated aliphatic groups including straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic groups having the number of carbon atoms specified, or if no number is specified, having up to 12 carbon atoms.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a mono-, bi-, or tricyclic aliphatic ring having 3 to 14 carbon atoms and preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
  • the terms "carbocyclic ring structure " and " C 3 . 16 carbocyclic mono, bicyclic or tricyclic ring structure” or the like are each intended to mean stable ring structures having only carbon atoms as ring atoms wherein the ring structure is a substituted or unsubstituted member selected from the group consisting of: a stable monocyclic ring which is aromatic ring ("aryl") having six ring atoms; a stable monocyclic non-aromatic ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms in the ring; a stable bicyclic ring structure having a total of from 7 to 12 ring atoms in the two rings wherein the bicyclic ring structure is selected from the group consisting of ring structures in which both of the rings are aromatic, ring structures in which one of the rings is aromatic and ring structures in which both of the rings are non-aromatic; and a stable tricyclic ring structure having a total of from 10 to 16 atoms in the three rings
  • non-aromatic rings when present in the monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring stmcture may independently be saturated, partially saturated or fully saturated.
  • carbocyclic ring structures include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0]bicyclononane, [4.4.0]bicyclodecane (decalin), 2.2.2]bicyclooctane, fluorenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, adamantyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralin).
  • the ring stmctures described herein may be attached to one or more indicated pendant groups via any carbon atom which results in a stable stmcture.
  • substituted as used in conjunction with carbocyclic ring stmctures means that hydrogen atoms attached to the ring carbon atoms of ring stmctures described herein may be substituted by one or more of the substituents indicated for that stmcture if such substitution(s) would result in a stable compound.
  • aryl which is included with the term “carbocyclic ring stmcture” refers to an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic ring, substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from loweralkoxy, loweralkyl, loweralkylamino, hydroxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, nitro, thioalkoxy, carboxaldehyde, carboxyl, carboalkoxy and carboxamide, including but not limited to carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl, and biaryl groups and the like, all of which may be optionally substituted.
  • Prefened aryl groups include phenyl, halophenyl, loweralkylphenyl, napthyl, biphenyl, phenanthrenyl and naphthacenyl.
  • arylalkyl which is included with the term “carbocyclic aryl” refers to one, two, or three aryl groups having the number of carbon atoms designated, appended to an alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms designated. Suitable arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, picolyl, naphthylmethyl, phenethyl, benzyhydryl, trityl, and the like, all of which may be optionally substituted.
  • heterocyclic ring or “heterocyclic ring system” is intended to mean a substituted or unsubstituted member selected from the group consisting of stable monocyclic ring having from 5-7 members in the ring itself and having from 1 to 4 hetero ring atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; a stable bicyclic ring stmcture having a total of from 7 to 12 atoms in the two rings wherein at least one of the two rings has from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O and S, including bicyclic ring stmctures wherein any of the described stable monocyclic heterocyclic rings is fused to a hexane or benzene ring; and a stable tricyclic heterocyclic ring stmcture having a total of from 10 to 16 atoms in the three rings wherein at least one of the three rings has from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and
  • heterocyclic ring or “heterocyclic ring system” include aromatic rings, as well as non-aromatic rings which can be saturated, partially saturated or fully saturated non-aromatic rings.
  • heterocyclic ring system includes ring structures wherein all of the rings contain at least one hetero atom as well as structures having less than all of the rings in the ring stmcture containing at least one hetero atom, for example bicyclic ring stmctures wherein one ring is a benzene ring and one of the rings has one or more hetero atoms are included within the term "heterocyclic ring systems” as well as bicyclic ring stmctures wherein each of the two rings has at least one hetero atom.
  • the ring stmctures described herein may be attached to one or more indicated pendant groups via any hetero atom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure.
  • substituted means that one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ring carbon atom(s) or nitrogen atom(s) of the each of the rings in the ring stmctures described herein may be replaced by one or more of the indicated substituents if such replacement(s) would result in a stable compound.
  • Nitrogen atoms in a ring stmcture may be quaternized, but such compounds are specifically indicated or are included within the term "a pharmaceutically acceptable salt" for a particular compound.
  • the total number of O and S atoms in a single heterocyclic ring is greater than 1, it is preferred that such atoms not be adjacent to one another. Preferably, there are no more that 1 O or S ring atoms in the same ring of a given heterocyclic ring stmcture.
  • Examples of monocylic and bicyclic heterocylic ring systems, in alphabetical order, are acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalinyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 2H,6H- 1,5,2- dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-b]tetrahydrofuran, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, IH-indazolyl, indolin
  • Prefened heterocyclic ring structures include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, IH-indazolyl, oxazolinyl, or isatinoyl. Also included are fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocylic ring stmctures.
  • aromatic heterocyclic ring system has essentially the same definition as for the monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems except that at least one ring of the ring system is an aromatic heterocyclic ring or the bicyclic ring has an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring fused to an aromatic carbocyclic ring stmcture.
  • halo or halogen as used herein refer to CI, Br, F or I substituents.
  • haloalkyl refers to an aliphatic carbon radicals having at least one hydrogen atom replaced by a CI, Br, F or I atom, including mixtures of different halo atoms.
  • Trihaloalkyl includes trifluoromethyl and the like as prefened radicals, for example.
  • methylene refers to -CH2-.
  • salts includes salts of compounds derived from the combination of a compound and an organic or inorganic acid. These compounds are useful in both free base and salt form. In practice, the use of the salt form amounts to use of the base form; both acid and base addition salts are within the scope of the present invention.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to salts retaining the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicyclic acid and the like.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like
  • organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts” include those derived from inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Particularly prefened are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like.
  • Particularly prefened organic nontoxic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine.
  • Bio property for the purposes herein means an in vivo effector or antigenic function or activity that is directly or indirectly performed by a compound of this invention that are often shown by in vitro assays. Effector functions include receptor or ligand binding, any enzyme activity or enzyme modulatory activity, any carrier binding activity, any hormonal activity, any activity in promoting or inhibiting adhesion of cells to an extracellular matrix or cell surface molecules, or any structural role. Antigenic functions include possession of an epitope or antigenic site that is capable of reacting with antibodies raised against it.
  • the compounds of this invention carbon atoms bonded to four non- identical substituents are asymmetric. Accordingly, the compounds may exist as diastereoisomers, enantiomers or mixtures thereof.
  • the syntheses described herein may employ racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers as starting materials or intermediates. Diastereomeric products resulting from such syntheses may be separated by chromatographic or crystallization methods, or by other methods known in the art. Likewise, enantiomeric product mixtures may be separated using the same techniques or by other methods known in the art.
  • Each of the asymmetric carbon atoms when present in the compounds of this invention, may be in one of two configurations (R or S) and both are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the formula I:
  • A is selected from:
  • R 1 is selected from:
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • n is an integer of 0-2;
  • Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 4 is selected from:
  • D is a direct link or is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R la is selected from: Halo, C M alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, C 0J( alkylC 3. 8 cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO 2 , (CH 2 ) m NR 2a R 3a , SO 2 NR 2a R 3a , SO 2 R 2a , CF 3 , OR 2a , and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C M alkyl, C 2.6 alkenyl, C 2. 6 alkynyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 ⁇ ,alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO 2 .
  • n is an integer of 0-2;
  • R 2a and R 3a are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from:
  • G is selected from:
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 7a , R 8a , R 7 " and R 8b are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 7a , R 8a , R 713 and R 8b can combine with a nitrogen on the E group to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring containing a 0-3 additional heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; or R 7a and R n on adjacent carbons combine to form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring;
  • R 9 , R 9a , R 9b , R 9c and R 9d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • heterocycle may be a 5-6 membered ring, and wherein from 0-4 hydrogen atoms from the ring atoms of the phenyl and heterocycle groups may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, -C M alkyl, -C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, -C 2 . 6 alkynyl, -C 3.8 cycloalkyl, -C 0 ⁇ alkyl-C 3 .
  • R 9a taken with R 9b or R 9c taken with R 9d when either pair of groups is attached to the same nitrogen atom may combine with that nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 membered saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S, wherein any S ring atom may be present as a -S-,
  • J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R ⁇ is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 R lb substituents;
  • R 2b and R 3b are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • L is selected from:
  • n is an integer of 0-2;
  • R 12 and R 13 are independently selected from:
  • R 14 and R 15 are independently selected from:
  • the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention includes methods comprising using the above compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for preventing or treating disease states characterized by disorders of the blood coagulation process in mammals, or for preventing coagulation in stored blood products and samples.
  • the methods of this invention comprise administering the pharmaceutical composition in combination with an additional therapeutic agent such as an antithrombotic and/or a thrombolytic agent and/or an anticoagulant.
  • the prefened compounds also include their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, hydrates, solvates, salts and prodmg derivatives.
  • the present invention provides a compound according to the formula I:
  • A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • A-Y-D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • R la is selected from:
  • E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • G is -CR 7a R 8a -C b R 8b ;
  • alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5- 6 membered monocyclic ring; wherein the phenyl ring and heterocyclic ring are substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , halo, -CN, -NO 2 , -OMe, -CO 2 H, -CO 2 Me;
  • R 9 , R 9a and R 9b are independently selected from:
  • R 9a and R 9b may combine with that nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 5-6 membered ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S;
  • J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a compound according to the formula I:
  • A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • G is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • the present invention provides a compound according to the formula I:
  • A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • G is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
  • This invention also encompasses all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the invention.
  • the compounds can exist in various isomeric and tautomeric forms, and all such forms are meant to be included in the invention, along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates of such isomers and tautomers.
  • the compounds of this invention may be isolated as the free acid or base or converted to salts of various inorganic and organic acids and bases. Such salts are within the scope of this invention. Non-toxic and physiologically compatible salts are particularly useful although other less desirable salts may have use in the processes of isolation and purification.
  • the free acid or free base form of a compound of one of the formulas above can be reacted with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid or base in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying.
  • the free acid or base form of the product may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
  • prodmg refers to a pharmacologically inactive derivative of a parent drug molecule that requires biotransformation, either spontaneous or enzymatic, within the organism to release the active drug.
  • Prodmgs are variations or derivatives of the compounds of this invention which have groups cleavable under metabolic conditions. Prodmgs become the compounds of the invention which are pharmaceutically active in vivo, when they undergo solvolysis under physiological conditions or undergo enzymatic degradation.
  • Prodrug compounds of this invention may be called single, double, triple etc., depending on the number of biotransformation steps required to release the active dmg within the organism, and indicating the number of functionalities present in a precursor-type form.
  • Prodmg forms often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, Design of Prodmgs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985 and Silverman, The Organic Chemistry of
  • Prodmgs commonly known in the art include acid derivatives well known to practitioners of the art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acids with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with an amine, or basic groups reacted to form an acylated base derivative.
  • the prodmg derivatives of this invention may be combined with other features herein taught to enhance bioavailability.
  • the compounds of this invention find utility as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals which have disorders of coagulation such as in the treatment or prevention of unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation including the treatment of septic shock, deep venous thrombosis in the prevention of pulmonary embolism or the treatment of reocclusion or restenosis of reperfused coronary arteries. Further, these compounds are useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of those diseases which involve the production and/or action of factor Xa/prothrombinase complex.
  • thrombotic and prothrombotic states in which the coagulation cascade is activated which include but are not limited to, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, thromboembolic complications of surgery and peripheral arterial occlusion.
  • a method for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention.
  • diseases treatable or preventable by the administration of compounds of this invention include, without limitation, occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombus formation in the venous vasculature, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the microvasculature leading to widespread organ failure, hemonhagic stroke, renal dialysis, blood oxygenation, and cardiac catheterization.
  • the compounds of the invention also find utility in a method for inhibiting the coagulation biological samples, which comprises the administration of a compound of the invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic or diagnostic agents.
  • the compounds of this invention may be coadministered along with other compounds typically prescribed for these conditions according to generally accepted medical practice such as anticoagulant agents, thrombolytic agents, or other antithrombotics, including platelet aggregation inhibitors, tissue plasminogen activators, urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, heparin, aspirin, or warfarin.
  • the compounds of the present invention may act in a synergistic fashion to prevent reocclusion following a successful thrombolytic therapy and/or reduce the time to reperfusion.
  • the compounds of this invention can be utilized in vivo, ordinarily in mammals such as primates, (e.g. humans), sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro.
  • mammals such as primates, (e.g. humans), sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro.
  • the biological properties of the compounds of the present invention can be readily characterized by methods that are well known in the art, for example by the in vitro protease activity assays and in vivo studies to evaluate antithrombotic efficacy, and effects on hemostasis and hematological parameters, such as are illustrated in the examples.
  • Diagnostic applications of the compounds of this invention will typically utilize formulations in the form of solutions or suspensions.
  • the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or incorporated into shaped articles.
  • Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the compounds of this invention can be administered dosages that will provide optimal efficacy.
  • the dose and method of administration will vary from subject to subject and be dependent upon such factors as the type of mammal being treated, its sex, weight, diet, concunent medication, overall clinical condition, the particular compounds employed, the specific use for which these compounds are employed, and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
  • Formulations of the compounds of this invention are prepared for storage or administration by mixing the compound having a desired degree of purity with physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers etc., and may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations.
  • Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985).
  • Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpynolidinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
  • buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts
  • antioxidants such as
  • Dosage formulations of the compounds of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution.
  • the pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be 3-11, more preferably 5-9 and most preferably 7-8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts.
  • the prefened route of administration is by injection
  • other methods of administration are also anticipated such as orally, intravenously (bolus and/or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally, transdermally or intraperitoneally, employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
  • the compounds of this invention are desirably incorporated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone mbber or other polymers commercially available.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the compound molecules are coupled.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
  • suitable polymers can include polyvinylpynolidinone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy- propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
  • compounds of the invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a dmg, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
  • Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
  • Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods. For each particular compound of the present invention, individual determinations may be made to determine the optimal dosage required.
  • the range of therapeutically effective dosages will be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids. For other routes of administration, the absorption efficiency must be individually determined for each compound by methods well known in pharmacology. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect.
  • the determination of effective dosage levels that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be readily determined by one skilled in the art. Typically, applications of compound are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage levels being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
  • the compounds of the invention can be administered orally or parenterally in an effective amount within the dosage range of about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 50 mg kg and more preferably about 1 to 20 mg/kg on a regimen in a single or 2 to 4 divided daily doses and/or continuous infusion.
  • a compound or mixture of compounds of this invention is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc., as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice.
  • a physiologically acceptable vehicle carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc.
  • the amount of active ingredient in these compositions is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
  • Typical adjuvants which may be inco ⁇ orated into tablets, capsules and the like are binders such as acacia, com starch or gelatin, and excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like com starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents.
  • binders such as acacia, com starch or gelatin
  • excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like com starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents.
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate
  • sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose
  • flavoring agents such as sucrose or lactose
  • flavoring agents such as sucrose or lactose
  • a dosage form is a capsule, in addition to the above materials it may also contain
  • dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired.
  • a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate
  • Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be incorporated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by either solid or liquid phase methods described and referenced in standard textbooks, or by a combination of both methods. These methods are well known in the art. See,
  • Bodanszky "The Principles of Peptide Synthesis", Hafner, et al, Eds., Springer- Nerlag, Berlin, 1984.
  • Reactions are carried out in standard laboratory glassware and reaction vessels under reaction conditions of standard temperature and pressure, except where otherwise indicated.
  • Non-limiting exemplary synthesis schemes are outlined directly below, and specific steps are described in the Examples.
  • the reaction products are isolated and purified by conventional methods, typically by solvent extraction into a compatible solvent.
  • the products may be further purified by column chromatography or other appropriate methods.
  • the compounds of this invention may be isolated as the free acid or base or converted to salts of various inorganic and organic acids and bases. Such salts are within the scope of this invention. Non-toxic and physiologically compatible salts are particularly useful although other less desirable salts may have use in the processes of isolation and purification.
  • a number of methods are useful for the preparation of the salts described above and are known to those skilled in the art. For example, reaction of the free acid or free base form of a compound of the structures recited above with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid or base in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying. Alternatively, the free acid or base form of the product may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
  • Diagnostic applications of the compounds of this invention will typically utilize formulations such as solution or suspension.
  • the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or incorporated into shaped articles.
  • Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the compounds of this invention can be administered dosages that will provide optimal efficacy.
  • the dose and method of administration will vary from subject to subject and be dependent upon such factors as the type of mammal being treated, its sex, weight, diet, concurrent medication, overall clinical condition, the particular compounds employed, the specific use for which these compounds are employed, and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
  • Formulations of the compounds of this invention are prepared for storage or administration by mixing the compound having a desired degree of purity with physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers etc., and may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations.
  • Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remingto 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985).
  • Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinalpyrrohdinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
  • buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts
  • antioxidants such as as
  • Dosage formulations of the compounds of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution.
  • the pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be between 3 and 11 , more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts.
  • While the preferred route of administration is by injection, other methods of administration are also anticipated such as intravenously (bolus and or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally or intraperitoneally, employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
  • dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches.
  • the compounds of this invention are desirably inco ⁇ orated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other polymers commercially available.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the compound molecules are coupled.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
  • suitable polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy- propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
  • the factor Xa inhibitors of this invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
  • Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
  • Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods. For each particular compound of the present invention, individual determinations may be made to determine the optimal dosage required.
  • the range of therapeutically effective dosages will naturally be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives, and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids. For other routes of administration, the abso ⁇ tion efficiency must be individually determined for each inhibitor by methods well known in pharmacology. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect.
  • the determination of effective dosage levels that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be within the ambit of one skilled in the art.
  • a typical dosage might range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.10 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg.
  • the compounds of this invention may be administered several times daily, and other dosage regimens may also be useful.
  • a compound or mixture of compounds of this invention is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc., as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice.
  • a physiologically acceptable vehicle carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc.
  • the amount of active ingredient in these compositions is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
  • Typical adjuvants which may be inco ⁇ orated into tablets, capsules and the like are a binder such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, and excipient such as microcrystalline cellulose, a disintegrating agent like corn starch or alginic acid, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, a sweetening agent such as sucrose or lactose, or a flavoring agent.
  • a dosage form is a capsule, in addition to the above materials it may also contain a liquid carrier such as water, saline, a fatty oil.
  • Other materials of various types may be used as coatings or as modifiers of the physical form of the dosage unit.
  • Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to conventional pharmaceutical practice.
  • dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired.
  • a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome
  • Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be inco ⁇ orated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
  • the compounds of this invention may be used alone or in combination, or in combination with other therapeutic or diagnostic agents.
  • the compounds of this inventions may be coadministered along with other compounds typically prescribed for these conditions according to generally accepted medical practice, such as anticoagulant agents, thrombolytic agents, or other antithrombotics, including platelet aggregation inhibitors, tissue plasminogen activators, urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, heparin, aspirin, or warfarin.
  • the compounds of this invention can be utilized in vivo, ordinarily in mammals such as primates, such as humans, sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro.
  • the preferred compounds of the present invention are characterized by their ability to inhibit thrombus formation with acceptable effects on classical measures of coagulation parameters, platelets and platelet function, and acceptable levels of bleeding complications associated with their use. Conditions characterized by undesired thrombosis would include those involving the arterial and venous vasculature.
  • abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the rupture of an established atherosclerotic plaque which is the major cause of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, as well as also characterizing the occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTC A).
  • abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the condition observed in patients undergoing major surgery in the lower extremities or the abdominal area who often suffer from thrombus formation in the venous vasculature resulting in reduced blood flow to the affected extremity and a predisposition to pulmonary embolism.
  • Abnormal thrombus formation further characterizes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy commonly occurs within both vascular systems during septic shock, certain viral infections and cancer, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the microvasculature leading to widespread organ failure.
  • the compounds of this present invention are believed to be useful for preventing or treating a condition characterized by undesired thrombosis, such as (a) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary syndrome including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, refractory angina, occlusive coronary thrombus occurring post- thrombolytic therapy or post-coronary angioplasty, (b) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated cerebrovascular syndrome including embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke or transient ischemic attacks, (c) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system including deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus occurring either spontaneously or in the setting of malignancy, surgery or trauma, (d) the treatment or prevention of any coagulopathy including disseminated intravascular coagulation (including the setting of septic shock or other infection, surgery, pregnancy, trauma or malignancy and whether associated with multi
  • Anticoagulant therapy is also useful to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage.
  • the compounds of this invention can be added to or contacted with any medium containing or suspected to contain factor Xa and in which it is desired that blood coagulation be inhibited, e.g., when contacting the mammal's blood with material such as vascular grafts, stents, orthopedic prostheses, cardiac stents, valves and prostheses, extra co ⁇ oreal circulation systems and the like.
  • N-Boc-meta-cyano-phenylalanine 200 mg, 0.69 mmol
  • 4-[(2-tert- butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-aniline 210 mg, 0.69 mmol
  • DMF 3 mL
  • DIEA 0.24 mL, 1.4 mmol
  • PyBOP 572 mg, 1.1 mmol
  • reaction mixture was stirred at -78° C for 20 minutes after which a solution of 3-[2-(7H-l-pyrazolyl)acetyl]- benzonitrile (330mg, 1.56mmol) in 5ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise over several minutes. Reaction was gradually allowed to warm to room temperature and strrred for 5 hours. Reaction was then quenched with a saturated ammonium chloride solution (10ml) and extracted with 2x25ml diethyl ether. Combined organic layers were washed with 2x25ml water, 2x25ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to a brown residue.
  • Part E ⁇ -[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(l-pyrazolylmethyl)-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
  • Example 21 Preparation of N- ⁇ 4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl ⁇ -3-(3- amidinophenyl)- 3 -isopropylpropionamide.
  • Example 22 Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3- methylidenyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide and N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydroxyl-3-methyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide.
  • Example 23 Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3- methyl-3-chloro-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide and N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-3-methoxyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
  • [l,l'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide in 5 mL of anhydrous CH 2 C1 2 was added 0.5 mL of a 2.0 M solution of trimethylaluminum in hexanes, and the solution was stirced at room temperature for 30 minutes.
  • a solution of 103 mg of ethyl (Z)-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-2-methyl-2-butenoate in 5 mL of anhydrous CH 2 C1 2 was then added dropwise over a few minutes, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight.
  • This compound was prepared by a procedure analogous to that for 6- bromoisoquinoline N-oxide hydrochloride as in PCT WO 98/47876.
  • a solution of 7.8 g (37.5 mmol) of a 60:40 mixture of 7-bromo and 5 -bromoisoquinoline in 125 mL of CH 2 C1 2 was treated portionwise with 9.1 g (-39.4 mmol) of 3- chloroperoxybenzoic acid (-70% purity).
  • the solution which was initially homogeneous, deposited a voluminous precipitate over 1 hr. Then 100 mL of methanol were added, and the reaction was concentrated to a volume of about 100 mL.
  • This compound was prepared by a procedure analogous to that for 6-bromo- 1-chloroisoquinoline as in PCT WO 98/47876.
  • a solution of 8.07 g (31 mmol) of the mixture from Part B was taken up in 50 mL of POCl 3 , and the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 2 hr.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated to remove most of the POCl 3 , and the residue was taken up in 100 mL of CH 2 C1 2 .
  • the solution was carefully basified to pH 10 by the slow addition of IN NaOH, and the organic layer was washed with 100 mL of H 2 O, 100 mL of sat. NaCl, and dried over MgSO 4 .
  • reaction mixture was concentrated to give a dark oil, which was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel with 20% EtOAc in hexanes to give 736 mg of the desired product as a light yellow solid. Also isolated were 156 mg of product as a somewhat less pure light yellow solid, making the total yield 64%.
  • Example 30 Preparation of [5-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)indolin-l-yl] 3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionyl amide.
  • the crude product was dissolved in dry pyridine (5 mL) and TsCl (15.7 mg, 0.08 mmol) was added. The mixture was stined at 23 C for 5 minutes. The solvent of pyridine was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethanolamine (5 mL). The mixture was stined at 23 C for 3 h before pouring into saturated NaCl solution for partition. The organic layers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow residue.
  • the compounds of the present invention are dissolved in buffer to give solutions containing concentrations such that assay concentrations range from 0 to
  • a synthetic chromogenic substrate is added to a solution containing test compound and the enzyme of interest and the residual catalytic activity of that enzyme is determined spectrophotometrically.
  • the IC50 of a compound is determined from the substrate turnover.
  • the IC50 is the concentration of test compound giving 50% inhibition of the substrate turnover.
  • the compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of less than 500 nM in the factor Xa assay, preferably less than 200 nM, and more prefened compounds have an IC50 of about 100 nM or less in the factor Xa assay.
  • the compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of less than
  • 4.0 ⁇ M in the prothrombinase assay preferably less than 200 nM, and more prefened compounds have an IC50 of about 10 nM or less in the prothrombinase assay.
  • the compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of greater than 1.0 ⁇ M in the thrombin assay, preferably greater than 10.0 ⁇ M, and more prefened compounds have an IC50 of greater than 100.0 ⁇ M in the thrombin assay.
  • the factor Xa and thrombin assays are performed at room temperature, in 0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.15 M NaCl.
  • the prothrombinase inhibition assay is performed in a plasma free system with modifications to the method described by Sinha, U. et al., Thromb. Res., 75, 427-436 (1994). Specifically, the activity of the prothrombinase complex is determined by measuring the time course of thrombin generation using the p- nitroanilide substrate Chromozym TH.
  • the assay consists of preincubation ( 5 minutes) of selected compounds to be tested as inhibitors with the complex formed from factor Xa (0.5 nM), factor Va (2 nM), phosphatidyl serine:phosphatidyl choline (25:75, 20 ⁇ M) in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.15 M NaCl, 5 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. Aliquots from the complex-inhibitor mixture are added to prothrombin (1 nM) and Chromozym TH (0.1 mM). The rate of substrate cleavage is monitored at 405 nm for two minutes. Eight different concentrations of inhibitor are assayed in duplicate. A standard curve of thrombin generation by an equivalent amount of untreated complex are used for determination of percent inhibition.
  • Rabbits are anesthetized with I.M. injections of Ketamine, Xylazine, and Acepromazine cocktail.
  • a standardized protocol consists of insertion of a thrombogenic cotton thread and copper wire apparatus into the abdominal vena cava of the anesthetized rabbit.
  • a non-occlusive thrombus is allowed to develop in the central venous circulation and inhibition of thrombus growth is used as a measure of the antithrombotic activity of the studied compounds.
  • Test agents or control saline are administered through a marginal ear vein catheter.
  • a femoral vein catheter is used for blood sampling prior to and during steady state infusion of test compound.
  • Initiation of thrombus formation begins immediately after advancement of the cotton thread apparatus into the central venous circulation.
  • the rabbits are euthanized and the thrombus excised by surgical dissection and characterized by weight and histology. Blood samples are analyzed for changes in hematological and coagulation parameters.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Furan Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Indole Compounds (AREA)
  • Other In-Based Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The present application relates to compounds of the general formula A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L, wherein A, Y, D, E, G, J, Z and L have the meanings given in the description, having activity against mammalian factor Xa. The compounds are useful in vitro or in vivo for preventing or treating coagulation disorders.

Description

INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa
Related Applications
This application claims benefit of priority under 35 USC § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/135,819 filed on May 24, 1999, which is herein incoφorated in its entirety by reference.
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to novel compounds which are potent and highly selective inhibitors of isolated factor Xa or when assembled in the prothrombinase complex. These compounds show selectivity for factor Xa versus other proteases of the coagulation (e.g. thrombin, fNIIa, flXa) or the fibrinolytic cascades (e.g. plasminogen activators, plasmin). In another aspect, the present invention relates to novel monoamidino-containing compounds, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which are useful as potent and specific inhibitors of blood coagulation in mammals. In yet another aspect, the invention relates to methods for using these inhibitors as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals characterized by coagulation disorders.
Background of the Invention
Hemostasis, the control of bleeding, occurs by surgical means, or by the physiological properties of vasoconstriction and coagulation. This invention is particularly concerned with blood coagulation and ways in which it assists in maintaining the integrity of mammalian circulation after injury, inflammation, disease, congenital defect, dysfunction or other disruption. Although platelets and blood coagulation are both involved in thrombus formation, certain components of the coagulation cascade are primarily responsible for the amplification or acceleration of the processes involved in platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition.
Thrombin is a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade as well as in hemostasis. Thrombin plays a central role in thrombosis through its ability to catalyze the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and through its potent platelet activation activity. Direct or indirect inhibition of thrombin activity has been the focus of a variety of recent anticoagulant strategies as reviewed by Claeson, G., " Synthetic Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Substrates and Inhibitors of Thrombin and Other Proteases in the Blood Coagulation System", Blood Coag. Fibrinol. 5, 411-436 (1994). Several classes of anticoagulants currently used in the clinic directly or indirectly affect thrombin (i.e. heparins, low-molecular weight heparins, heparin-like compounds and coumarins).
A prothrombinase complex, including Factor Xa (a serine protease, the activated form of its Factor X precursor and a member of the calcium ion binding, gamma carboxyglutamyl (Gla)-containing, vitamin K dependent, blood coagulation glycoprotein family), converts the zymogen prothrombin into the active procoagulant thrombin. Unlike thrombin, which acts on a variety of protein substrates as well as at a specific receptor, factor Xa appears to have a single physiologic substrate, namely prothrombin. Since one molecule of factor Xa may be able to generate up to 138 molecules of thrombin (Elodi et al., Thromb. Res. 15, 617- 619 (1979)), direct inhibition of factor Xa as a way of indirectly inhibiting the formation of thrombin may be an efficient anticoagulant strategy. Therefore, it has been suggested that compounds which selectively inhibit factor Xa may be useful as in vitro diagnostic agents, or for therapeutic administration in certain thrombotic disorders, see e.g., WO 94/13693.
Polypeptides derived from hematophagous organisms have been reported which are highly potent and specific inhibitors of factor Xa. United States Patent 4,588,587 describes anticoagulant activity in the saliva of the Mexican leech, Haementeria of icinalis. A principal component of this saliva was shown to be the polypeptide factor Xa inhibitor, antistasin (ATS), by Nutt, E. et al. , "The Amino Acid Sequence of Antistasin, a Potent Inhibitor of Factor Xa Reveals a Repeated Internal Structure", J. Biol. Chem., 262, 10162-10167 (1988). Another potent and highly specific inhibitor of Factor Xa, called tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP), has been isolated from the whole body extract of the soft tick Ornithidoros moubata, as reported by Waxman, L., et al, "Tick Anticoagulant Peptide (TAP) is a Novel Inhibitor of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa" Science, 248, 593-596 (1990).
Factor Xa inhibitory compounds which are not large polypeptide-type inhibitors have also been reported including: Tidwell, R.R. et al., "Strategies for Anticoagulation With Synthetic Protease Inhibitors. Xa Inhibitors Versus Thrombin Inhibitors", Thromb. Res., 19, 339-349 (1980); Turner, A.D. et al., "p-Amidino Esters as Irreversible Inhibitors of Factor IXa and Xa and Thrombin", Biochemistry, 25, 4929-4935 (1986); Hitomi, Y. et al, "Inhibitory Effect of New Synthetic Protease Inhibitor (FUT-175) on the Coagulation System", Haemostasis, 15, 164- 168 (1985); Sturzebecher, J. et al, "Synthetic Inhibitors of Bovine Factor Xa and Thrombin. Comparison of Their Anticoagulant Efficiency", Thromb. Res., 54, 245- 252 (1989); Kam, CM. et al, "Mechanism Based Isocoumarin Inhibitors for Trypsin and Blood Coagulation Serine Proteases: New Anticoagulants", Biochemistry, 21, 2547-2557 (1988); Hauptmann, J. et al, "Comparison of the Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Effects of Synthetic Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors", Thromb. Haemost., 63, 220-223 (1990); and the like.
Others have reported Factor Xa inhibitors which are small molecule organic compounds, such as nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds which have amidino substituent groups, wherein two functional groups of the compounds can bind to Factor Xa at two of its active sites. For example, WO 98/28269 describes pyrazole compounds having a terminal C(=NH)-NH2 group; WO 97/21437 describes benzimidazole compounds substituted by a basic radical which are connected to a naththyl group via a straight or branched chain alkylene,-C(=O) or -S(=O)2 bridging group; WO 99/10316 describes compounds having a 4-phenyl-N-alkylamidino- piperidine and 4-phenoxy-N-alkylamidino-piperidine group connected to a 3- amidinophenyl group via a carboxamidealkyleneamino bridge; and EP 798295 describes compounds having a 4-phenoxy-N-alkylamidino-piperidine group connected to an amidinonaphfhyl group via a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonamide or carboxamide bridging group.
There exists a need for effective therapeutic agents for the regulation of hemostasis, and for the prevention and treatment of thrombus formation and other pathological processes in the vasculature induced by thrombin such as restenosis and inflammation. In particular, there continues to be a need for compounds which selectively inhibit factor Xa or its precursors. Compounds that have different combinations of bridging groups and functional groups than compounds previously discovered are needed, particularly compounds which selectively or preferentially bind to Factor Xa. Compounds with a higher degree of binding to Factor Xa than to thrombin are desired, especially those compounds having good bioavailability and/or solubility. Summary of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel compounds which inhibit factor Xa, their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof which have particular biological properties and are useful as potent and specific inhibitors of blood coagulation in mammals. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods of using these inhibitors as diagnostic reagents or as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals which have coagulation disorders, such as in the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary or cerebrovascular syndrome, any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system, any coagulopathy, and any thrombotic complications associated with extracorporeal circulation or instrumentation, and for the inhibition of coagulation in biological samples.
In certain embodiments, this invention relates to novel compounds which are potent and highly selective inhibitors of isolated factor Xa when assembled in the prothrombinase complex. These compounds show selectivity for factor Xa versus other proteases of the coagulation cascade (e.g. thrombin, etc.) or the fibrinolytic cascade, and are useful as diagnostic reagents as well as antithrombotic agents.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of the formula I:
A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L
wherein:
A is selected from:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(b) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from
5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(c) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents; (d) C C6-alkyl; C3-C8-cycloalkyl; and
(e) -NR2R3, -C(=NR2)NR2R\ -NR2C(=NR2)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)R4, and NR2C(=NR2)-R3
R1 is selected from:
Halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.gcycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3_
8cycloalkyl,-CN, -NO2, -(CH2)mNR2R3, -C(=O)NR2R\ -C(=NR2)NR2R3, -NR2C(=NR2)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)R4 and NR2C(=NR2)-R3, -SO2NR2R\ -SO2R2, -CF3, -OR2, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,-C4-alkyl, -CN CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl and -NO2;
R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, -OR14, -NR14R15, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.
4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, COOCMalkyl, COO-C0.4alkylphenyl C0^alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2. 6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
m is an integer of 0-2;
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-, -N(R4)-, -C(=O)-N(R4)-, -N(R4)-C(=O)-, -SO2-, -O-, -SO2-N(R4)-, -N(R4)-SO2-, -C(=NR4), -C(=S)-, -CH2-, -CH2N(R4)-;
R4 is selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2_6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0J(alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;.
D is a direct link or is a member selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents;
(b) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents; and
(c) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents;
Rla is selected from:
Halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, (CH2)mNR2aR3a, SO2NR2aR3a, SO2R2a, CF3, OR2a, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2. 6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2.
m is an integer of 0-2;
R2a and R3a are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0_4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and
-NO2;.
E is a member selected from the group consisting of: -N(R5)-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-N(R5)-, -N(R5)-C(=O)-N(R6)-, -SO2-N(R5)-, -N(R5)-SO2-N(R6)- and -N(R5)-SO2-N(R6)-C(=O)-;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, Chalky lphenyl, C0.4alkylnaphthyl, C0^,alkylheteroaryl, CMalkylCOOH and
CMalkylCOOCMalkyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3_8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3.8cycloaU yl, -CN and -NO2;
G is selected from:
-CR7R8- and -CR7aR8a-C°R8b-
Wherein R7, R8, R7a, R8a, R70 and R8b are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, halo, -CMalkyl, haloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2. 6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -CθJ,alkyl-C3.8-cycloalkyl, - ^alkyl-CN, -C0. 4alkyl-NO2, -C0^alkyl-O-R9, -Co^alkyl-S-R9, -C0^alkyl-S(=O)2-R9, -C0^alkyl-S(O)-R9, -C0^alkyl-C(=O)-OR9, -C0^alkyl-C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b),
-C0^alkyl-C(=O)-R9, -C0^alkyl-N(R9a, R9b), -C0. 4alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-R9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-R9b, -C0. 4alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-N(-R9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9a)-S(=O)2-R9b, -C0. 4alkyl-S(=O)2-N(R9a, R9b), -C0^alkyl-S(=O)2-R9, -C0. 4alkyl-P(=O)(-OR9a)(-OR9b), -C0.4alkyl-N(-R9)-P(=O)(-OR9a)(-OR9b), -C0.
4alkyl-phenyl, -C0^,alkyl-naphthyl, -C0^,alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5-6 membered monocyclic ring or a 8-12 membered bicyclic ring, and wherein 0-4 hydrogen atoms of the phenyl ring, the naphthyl ring carbon and the heterocyclic ring system are replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of -C,.4alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, -CN, -NO2, -OR9c, -SR9c, -S(O)R9c, -C(=O)-OR9c, -C(=O)-N(-R9c, R9d), -C(=O)-R9c, -N(R9c, R9d), -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-R9d, -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-OR9d, -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-N(-H, R9d), -N(-R9c)-SO2-R9d, -SO2-N(-R9c, -R9d), -SO2-R9c; or one of R7, R8, R7a, R8a, Rn and R8b can combine with a nitrogen on the E group to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring containing a 0-3 additional heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; or R7a and R on adjacent carbons combine to form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring;
R75 and R8b combine to form alkylidene groups, such as H2C=, C,. 4alkylCH= (CMalkyl)2C=, PhCH=;
R9, R9a, R9b, R9c and R9d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
H, halo -C,.6alkyl, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2.6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, gcycloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2-O-CH3, - ^alkylphenyl, -C0_ 4alkylheterocycle wherein the heterocycle may be a 5-6 membered ring, and wherein from 0-4 hydrogen atoms from the ring atoms of the phenyl and heterocycle groups may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, -C alkyl, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2.6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -CMa]kyl-CMcycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-O- CMalkyl, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-N(-H, -CMalkyl), and -C(=O)-N(-CMalkyl, -C,.4alkyl);
alternatively, R9a taken with R9b or R9c taken with R9d when either pair of groups is attached to the same nitrogen atom may combine with that nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 membered saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S, wherein any S ring atom may be present as a -S-, -S(=O)- or -S(=O)2- group;
J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -CH(Rπ)- and -CH(Rn)-CH2-;
Rπ is a member selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C^aU yl-Cj. 8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylphenyl, C^alkylnaphthyl, C0^alkylheterocyclic ring having from 1 to 4 hetero ring atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, CH.COOC^alkyl, CH2COOCMalkylρhenyl and CH2COOC,.4alkylnaphthyl;
Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents;
(b) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents; and
(c) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents;
Rlb is selected from:
Halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3. scycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, NR2bR3b, SO2NR2bR3b, SO2R2b, CF3, OR2b, O-CH2- CH2-OR2b, O-CH2-COOR2b, N(R2b)-CH2-CH2-OR2b, N(-CH2-CH2-OR2b)2,
N(R2b)-C(=O)R3b, N(R2b)-SO2-R3b, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3_8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3. scycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;
R2b and R3b are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, ^alkylphenyl and C0.4alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;
L is selected from: H, -CN, C(=O)NR12R13, (CH2)nNR12R13, C(=NR12)NR12R13, NR12R13, OR12, -NR12C(=NR12)NR12R13, and NR12C(=NR12)-R13;
n is an integer of 0-2;
R12 and R13 are independently selected from:
hydrogen, -OR14, -NR14R15, CMalkyl, C0^alkylphenyl, C0^alkylnaphthyl,
COOC,.4alkyl, COO- ^alkylphenyl and COO-C^alkylnaph hyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2_6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
R14 and R15 are independently selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3_8cycloalkyl, C0_4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl,
C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
and all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives thereof.
In certain aspects of this invention, compounds are provided which are useful as diagnostic reagents. In another aspect, the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In yet another aspect, the present invention includes methods comprising using the above compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for preventing or treating disease states characterized by undesired thrombosis or disorders of the blood coagulation process in mammals, or for preventing coagulation in biological samples such as, for example, stored blood products and samples. Optionally, the methods of this invention comprise administering the pharmaceutical composition in combination with an additional therapeutic agent such as an antithrombotic and/or a thrombolytic agent and/or an anticoagulant. The preferred compounds also include their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, hydrates, solvates, salts and prodrug derivatives.
Detailed Description of the Invention Definitions
In accordance with the present invention and as used herein, the following terms are defined with the following meanings, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
The term "alkenyl" refers to a trivalent straight chain or branched chain unsaturated aliphatic radical. The term "alkinyl" (or "alkynyl") refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic radical that includes at least two carbons joined by a triple bond. If no number of carbons is specified alkenyl and alkinyl each refer to radicals having from 2-12 carbon atoms.
The term "alkyl" refers to saturated aliphatic groups including straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic groups having the number of carbon atoms specified, or if no number is specified, having up to 12 carbon atoms. The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein refers to a mono-, bi-, or tricyclic aliphatic ring having 3 to 14 carbon atoms and preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
As used herein, the terms "carbocyclic ring structure " and " C3.16 carbocyclic mono, bicyclic or tricyclic ring structure" or the like are each intended to mean stable ring structures having only carbon atoms as ring atoms wherein the ring structure is a substituted or unsubstituted member selected from the group consisting of: a stable monocyclic ring which is aromatic ring ("aryl") having six ring atoms; a stable monocyclic non-aromatic ring having from 3 to 7 ring atoms in the ring; a stable bicyclic ring structure having a total of from 7 to 12 ring atoms in the two rings wherein the bicyclic ring structure is selected from the group consisting of ring structures in which both of the rings are aromatic, ring structures in which one of the rings is aromatic and ring structures in which both of the rings are non-aromatic; and a stable tricyclic ring structure having a total of from 10 to 16 atoms in the three rings wherein the tricyclic ring structure is selected from the group consisting of: ring structures in which three of the rings are aromatic, ring stmctures in which two of the rings are aromatic and ring stmctures in which three of the rings are non- aromatic. In each case, the non-aromatic rings when present in the monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring stmcture may independently be saturated, partially saturated or fully saturated. Examples of such carbocyclic ring structures include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0]bicyclononane, [4.4.0]bicyclodecane (decalin), 2.2.2]bicyclooctane, fluorenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, adamantyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralin). Moreover, the ring stmctures described herein may be attached to one or more indicated pendant groups via any carbon atom which results in a stable stmcture. The term "substituted" as used in conjunction with carbocyclic ring stmctures means that hydrogen atoms attached to the ring carbon atoms of ring stmctures described herein may be substituted by one or more of the substituents indicated for that stmcture if such substitution(s) would result in a stable compound.
The term "aryl" which is included with the term "carbocyclic ring stmcture" refers to an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic ring, substituted with one, two or three substituents selected from loweralkoxy, loweralkyl, loweralkylamino, hydroxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, nitro, thioalkoxy, carboxaldehyde, carboxyl, carboalkoxy and carboxamide, including but not limited to carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl, and biaryl groups and the like, all of which may be optionally substituted. Prefened aryl groups include phenyl, halophenyl, loweralkylphenyl, napthyl, biphenyl, phenanthrenyl and naphthacenyl.
The term "arylalkyl" which is included with the term "carbocyclic aryl" refers to one, two, or three aryl groups having the number of carbon atoms designated, appended to an alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms designated. Suitable arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, picolyl, naphthylmethyl, phenethyl, benzyhydryl, trityl, and the like, all of which may be optionally substituted.
As used herein, the term "heterocyclic ring" or "heterocyclic ring system" is intended to mean a substituted or unsubstituted member selected from the group consisting of stable monocyclic ring having from 5-7 members in the ring itself and having from 1 to 4 hetero ring atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; a stable bicyclic ring stmcture having a total of from 7 to 12 atoms in the two rings wherein at least one of the two rings has from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O and S, including bicyclic ring stmctures wherein any of the described stable monocyclic heterocyclic rings is fused to a hexane or benzene ring; and a stable tricyclic heterocyclic ring stmcture having a total of from 10 to 16 atoms in the three rings wherein at least one of the three rings has from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S. Any nitrogen and sulfur atoms present in a heterocyclic ring of such a heterocyclic ring stmcture may be oxidized. Unless indicated otherwise the terms "heterocyclic ring" or "heterocyclic ring system" include aromatic rings, as well as non-aromatic rings which can be saturated, partially saturated or fully saturated non-aromatic rings. Also, unless indicated otherwise the term "heterocyclic ring system" includes ring structures wherein all of the rings contain at least one hetero atom as well as structures having less than all of the rings in the ring stmcture containing at least one hetero atom, for example bicyclic ring stmctures wherein one ring is a benzene ring and one of the rings has one or more hetero atoms are included within the term "heterocyclic ring systems" as well as bicyclic ring stmctures wherein each of the two rings has at least one hetero atom. Moreover, the ring stmctures described herein may be attached to one or more indicated pendant groups via any hetero atom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure. Further, the term "substituted" means that one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ring carbon atom(s) or nitrogen atom(s) of the each of the rings in the ring stmctures described herein may be replaced by one or more of the indicated substituents if such replacement(s) would result in a stable compound. Nitrogen atoms in a ring stmcture may be quaternized, but such compounds are specifically indicated or are included within the term "a pharmaceutically acceptable salt" for a particular compound. When the total number of O and S atoms in a single heterocyclic ring is greater than 1, it is preferred that such atoms not be adjacent to one another. Preferably, there are no more that 1 O or S ring atoms in the same ring of a given heterocyclic ring stmcture.
Examples of monocylic and bicyclic heterocylic ring systems, in alphabetical order, are acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalinyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 2H,6H- 1,5,2- dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-b]tetrahydrofuran, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, IH-indazolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, 3H-indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl (benzimidazolyl), isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyroazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pryidooxazole, pyridoimidazole, pyridothiazole, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyπolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyπolyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, 6H- 1 ,2,5-thiadazinyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, thienothiazolyl, thienooxazolyl, thienoimidazolyl, thiophenyl, triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,5-triazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl and xanthenyl. Prefened heterocyclic ring structures include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, IH-indazolyl, oxazolinyl, or isatinoyl. Also included are fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocylic ring stmctures.
As used herein the term "aromatic heterocyclic ring system" has essentially the same definition as for the monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems except that at least one ring of the ring system is an aromatic heterocyclic ring or the bicyclic ring has an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring fused to an aromatic carbocyclic ring stmcture.
The terms "halo" or "halogen" as used herein refer to CI, Br, F or I substituents. The term "haloalkyl", and the like, refer to an aliphatic carbon radicals having at least one hydrogen atom replaced by a CI, Br, F or I atom, including mixtures of different halo atoms. Trihaloalkyl includes trifluoromethyl and the like as prefened radicals, for example.
The term "methylene" refers to -CH2-.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" includes salts of compounds derived from the combination of a compound and an organic or inorganic acid. These compounds are useful in both free base and salt form. In practice, the use of the salt form amounts to use of the base form; both acid and base addition salts are within the scope of the present invention.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt" refers to salts retaining the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicyclic acid and the like.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts" include those derived from inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Particularly prefened are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperizine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. Particularly prefened organic nontoxic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine.
"Biological property" for the purposes herein means an in vivo effector or antigenic function or activity that is directly or indirectly performed by a compound of this invention that are often shown by in vitro assays. Effector functions include receptor or ligand binding, any enzyme activity or enzyme modulatory activity, any carrier binding activity, any hormonal activity, any activity in promoting or inhibiting adhesion of cells to an extracellular matrix or cell surface molecules, or any structural role. Antigenic functions include possession of an epitope or antigenic site that is capable of reacting with antibodies raised against it.
In the compounds of this invention, carbon atoms bonded to four non- identical substituents are asymmetric. Accordingly, the compounds may exist as diastereoisomers, enantiomers or mixtures thereof. The syntheses described herein may employ racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers as starting materials or intermediates. Diastereomeric products resulting from such syntheses may be separated by chromatographic or crystallization methods, or by other methods known in the art. Likewise, enantiomeric product mixtures may be separated using the same techniques or by other methods known in the art. Each of the asymmetric carbon atoms, when present in the compounds of this invention, may be in one of two configurations (R or S) and both are within the scope of the present invention.
Prefened Embodiments
In a prefened embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of the formula I:
A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L
wherein:
A is selected from:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(b) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(c) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;and
(d) C,-C6-alkyl; C3-C8-cycloalkyl;
(e) -NR2R\ -C(=NR2)NR2R\ -NR2C(=NR2)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)R4, and
NR2C(-NR2)-R3
R1 is selected from:
Halo, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl,-CN, -NO2, -(CH2)raNR2R3, -C(=O)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)NR2R3, -NR2C(=NR2)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)R4 and NR2C(=NR2)-R3, -SO2NR2R\ -SO2R2, -CF3, -OR2, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,-C4-alkyl, -CN C alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3_8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl and -NO2; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, -OR14, -NR14R15, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0. 4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, COOC,.4alkyl, COO-C^alkylphenyl C0.4alkylphenyl and C0^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2. 6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3_8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
m is an integer of 0-2;
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-, -N(R4)-, -C(=O)-N(R4)-, -N(R4)-C(=O)-, -SO2-, -O-,
-SO2-N(R4)-, -N(R4)-SO2-, -C(=NR4), -C(=S)-, -CH2-, -CH2N(R4)-;
R4 is selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloaUcyl, C0_4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, ^alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;.
D is a direct link or is a member selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents;
(b) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rl substituents; and
(c) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to
10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents;
Rla is selected from: Halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0J(alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, (CH2)mNR2aR3a, SO2NR2aR3a, SO2R2a, CF3, OR2a, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2. 6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2.
m is an integer of 0-2;
R2a and R3a are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl,
C0.4alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C(MalkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;.
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(R5)-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-N(R5)-, -N(R5)-C(=O)-N(R6)-, -SO2-N(R5)-, -N(R5)-SO2-N(R6)- and -N(R5)-SO2-N(R6)-C(=O)-;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from:
H, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2_6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl,
C0.4alkylphenyl, Co^alkylnaphthyl, Co^alkylheteroaryl, C,.4alkylCOOH and C!.4alkylCOOCMalkyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and
-NO2;
G is selected from:
-CR7R8- and -CR7aR8a-CbR8b Wherein R7, R8, R7a, R8a, R7" and R8b are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, halo, -C,.6alkyl, haloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2. 6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -C0^alkyl-C3_8-cycloalkyl, -C0^aU yl-CN, -C0_ 4alkyl-NO2, -C0.4alkyl-O-R9, -C0.4alkyl-S-R9, -C0^alkyl-S(=O)2-R9,
-C0.4alkyl-S(O)-R9, -C0.4alkyl-C(=O)-OR9, -C0^alkyl-C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b), -C0.4alkyl-C(=O)-R9, -C0^alkyl-N(R9a, R9b), -Co-
4alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-R9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-R9b, -C0.
4alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-N(-R9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9a)-S(=O)2-R9b, -C0. 4alkyl-S(=O)2-N(R9a, R9b), -C0^alkyl-S(=O)2-R9, -C0.
4alkyl-P(=O)(-OR9a)(-OR9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9)-P(=O)(-OR9a)(-OR9b), -C0. 4alkyl-phenyl, -C0^alkyl-naphthyl, -C0^,alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5-6 membered monocyclic ring or a 8-12 membered bicyclic ring, and wherein 0-4 hydrogen atoms of the phenyl ring, the naphthyl ring carbon and the heterocyclic ring system are replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of -CMalkyl, haloalkyl, halo, -CN, -NO2, -OR9c, -SR9c, -S(O)R9c, -C(=O)-OR9c, -C(=O)-N(-R9c, R9d), -C(=O)-R9c, -N(R9c, R9d), -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-R9d, -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-OR9d, -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-N(-H, R9d),
-N(-R9c)-SO2-R9d, -SO2-N(-R9c, -R9d), -SO2-R9c; or one of R7, R8, R7a, R8a, R713 and R8b can combine with a nitrogen on the E group to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring containing a 0-3 additional heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; or R7a and Rn on adjacent carbons combine to form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring;
R70 and R8b combine to form alkylidene groups, such as H2C=% C,. 4alkylCH=, (C^alkyl)2C=, PhCH=;
R9, R9a, R9b, R9c and R9d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
H, halo -C,.6alkyl, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2.6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -C0^,alkyl-C3. scycloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2-O-CH3, -Cwalkylphenyl, -C0. 4alkylheterocycle wherein the heterocycle may be a 5-6 membered ring, and wherein from 0-4 hydrogen atoms from the ring atoms of the phenyl and heterocycle groups may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, -CMalkyl, -C2_6alkenyl, -C2.6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -C0^alkyl-C3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-O- CMalkyl, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-N(-H, -CMalkyl), and -C(=O)-N(-C,.4alkyl, -C alkyl);
alternatively, R9a taken with R9b or R9c taken with R9d when either pair of groups is attached to the same nitrogen atom may combine with that nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 membered saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S, wherein any S ring atom may be present as a -S-,
-S(=O)- or -S(=O)2- group;
J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -CH(Rπ)- and -CH(Rn)-CH2-;
Rπ is a member selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkyl-C3.
8cycloalkyl, C^alkylphenyl, C0^,alkylnaphthyl, C0.4alkylheterocyclic ring having from 1 to 4 hetero ring atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, CH2COOC,.4alkyl, CH2COOC,^alkylphenyl and CHjCOOC^alkylnaphthyl;
Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents;
(b) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents; and
(c) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents;
Rlb is selected from: Halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0_4alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, NR2bR3b, SO2NR2bR3b, SO2R2b, CF3, OR2b, O-CH2- CH2-OR2b, O-CH2-COOR2b, N(R2b)-CH2-CH2-OR2b, N(-CH2-CH2-OR2b)2, N(R2b)-C(=O)R3b, N(R2b)-SO2-R3b, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;
R2b and R3b are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.scycloalkyl, C0_4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and
-NO2;
L is selected from:
H, -CN, C(=O)NR12R13, (CH2)nNR12R13, C(=NR12)NR12R13, NR12R13, NR12R13, OR12, -NR12C(=NR12)NR12R13, and NR12C(=NR12)-R13;
n is an integer of 0-2;
R12 and R13 are independently selected from:
hydrogen, -OR14, -NR14R15, CMalkyl, C0^alkylphenyl, C0.4alkylnaphthyl, COOC^alkyl, COO- ^alkylphenyl and COO-C0^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
R14 and R15 are independently selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, CθJ(alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0j4alkylphenyl and C0^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
and all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodmg derivatives thereof.
In certain aspects of this invention, compounds are provided which are useful as diagnostic reagents. In another aspect, the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In yet another aspect, the present invention includes methods comprising using the above compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for preventing or treating disease states characterized by disorders of the blood coagulation process in mammals, or for preventing coagulation in stored blood products and samples. Optionally, the methods of this invention comprise administering the pharmaceutical composition in combination with an additional therapeutic agent such as an antithrombotic and/or a thrombolytic agent and/or an anticoagulant.
The prefened compounds also include their pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, hydrates, solvates, salts and prodmg derivatives.
In a further prefened embodiment, the present invention provides a compound according to the formula I:
A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L
wherein:
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-; D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Br
-Q- ^ ^ ^ t and -N^~ or A-Y-D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Wherein Rla is selected from:
hydrogen, CI, F, Br, Me, OMe, NO2, CO2H, CN, C(=O)NH2, and C(=O)OMe;
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(-H)-C(=O)-and -C(=O)-N(-H)-;
G is -CR7aR8a-CbR8b ;
wherein R7a, R8a, R and R8b are independently a member selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, F, CI, Br, -OH, -NO2, -CN, -CMalkyl, haloalkyl, -OR9, -CH2OR9, -S(=O)2-R9, -CH2S(=O)2-R9, -C(=O)-OR9, -CH2C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b), -CH2C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b), -N(R9a, R9b), -CH2N(R9a, R9b), -N(R9a)-C(=O)-R9b), phenyl, benzyl, -C0.2alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5- 6 membered monocyclic ring; wherein the phenyl ring and heterocyclic ring are substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of CH3, halo, -CN, -NO2, -OMe, -CO2H, -CO2Me;
or R7" and R8b combine to form CH2=, (CH3)2C=, PhCH=;
R9, R9a and R9b are independently selected from:
hydrogen, -C,.4alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl; or R9a and R9b may combine with that nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 5-6 membered ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S;
J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -CH2-;
Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
In a further prefened embodiment, the present invention provides a compound according to the formula I:
A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L
wherein:
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-;
D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Br
- - ^K Y^' «- -O
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(-H)-C(=O)-and -C(=O)-N(-H)-;
G is a member selected from the group consisting of:
J is a direct link;
Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
In a further prefened embodiment, the present invention provides a compound according to the formula I:
A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L
wherein
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-;
D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(-H)-C(=O)-and -C(=O)-N(-H)-;
G is a member selected from the group consisting of:
J is a direct link;
Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
and all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodmg derivatives thereof. The following non-limiting table illustrates representative compounds of the present invention:
Table of Prefened Compounds
Wherein: A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-;
D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
This invention also encompasses all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the invention. In addition, the compounds can exist in various isomeric and tautomeric forms, and all such forms are meant to be included in the invention, along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates of such isomers and tautomers.
The compounds of this invention may be isolated as the free acid or base or converted to salts of various inorganic and organic acids and bases. Such salts are within the scope of this invention. Non-toxic and physiologically compatible salts are particularly useful although other less desirable salts may have use in the processes of isolation and purification.
A number of methods are useful for the preparation of the salts described above and are known to those skilled in the art. For example, the free acid or free base form of a compound of one of the formulas above can be reacted with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid or base in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying. Alternatively, the free acid or base form of the product may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
Prodmg Derivatives of Compounds
This invention also encompasses prodmg derivatives of the compounds contained herein. The term "prodmg" refers to a pharmacologically inactive derivative of a parent drug molecule that requires biotransformation, either spontaneous or enzymatic, within the organism to release the active drug. Prodmgs are variations or derivatives of the compounds of this invention which have groups cleavable under metabolic conditions. Prodmgs become the compounds of the invention which are pharmaceutically active in vivo, when they undergo solvolysis under physiological conditions or undergo enzymatic degradation. Prodrug compounds of this invention may be called single, double, triple etc., depending on the number of biotransformation steps required to release the active dmg within the organism, and indicating the number of functionalities present in a precursor-type form. Prodmg forms often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, Design of Prodmgs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985 and Silverman, The Organic Chemistry of
Dmg Design and Dmg Action, pp. 352-401, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1992). Prodmgs commonly known in the art include acid derivatives well known to practitioners of the art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acids with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with an amine, or basic groups reacted to form an acylated base derivative. Moreover, the prodmg derivatives of this invention may be combined with other features herein taught to enhance bioavailability.
As mentioned above, the compounds of this invention find utility as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals which have disorders of coagulation such as in the treatment or prevention of unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation including the treatment of septic shock, deep venous thrombosis in the prevention of pulmonary embolism or the treatment of reocclusion or restenosis of reperfused coronary arteries. Further, these compounds are useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of those diseases which involve the production and/or action of factor Xa/prothrombinase complex. This includes a number of thrombotic and prothrombotic states in which the coagulation cascade is activated which include but are not limited to, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, thromboembolic complications of surgery and peripheral arterial occlusion.
Accordingly, a method for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of this invention. In addition to the disease states noted above, other diseases treatable or preventable by the administration of compounds of this invention include, without limitation, occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, thrombus formation in the venous vasculature, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the microvasculature leading to widespread organ failure, hemonhagic stroke, renal dialysis, blood oxygenation, and cardiac catheterization.
The compounds of the invention also find utility in a method for inhibiting the coagulation biological samples, which comprises the administration of a compound of the invention.
The compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic or diagnostic agents. In certain prefened embodiments, the compounds of this invention may be coadministered along with other compounds typically prescribed for these conditions according to generally accepted medical practice such as anticoagulant agents, thrombolytic agents, or other antithrombotics, including platelet aggregation inhibitors, tissue plasminogen activators, urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, heparin, aspirin, or warfarin. The compounds of the present invention may act in a synergistic fashion to prevent reocclusion following a successful thrombolytic therapy and/or reduce the time to reperfusion. These compounds may also allow for reduced doses of the thrombolytic agents to be used and therefore minimize potential hemonhagic side-effects. The compounds of this invention can be utilized in vivo, ordinarily in mammals such as primates, (e.g. humans), sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro. The biological properties of the compounds of the present invention can be readily characterized by methods that are well known in the art, for example by the in vitro protease activity assays and in vivo studies to evaluate antithrombotic efficacy, and effects on hemostasis and hematological parameters, such as are illustrated in the examples.
Diagnostic applications of the compounds of this invention will typically utilize formulations in the form of solutions or suspensions. In the management of thrombotic disorders the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or incorporated into shaped articles. Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the compounds of this invention can be administered dosages that will provide optimal efficacy. The dose and method of administration will vary from subject to subject and be dependent upon such factors as the type of mammal being treated, its sex, weight, diet, concunent medication, overall clinical condition, the particular compounds employed, the specific use for which these compounds are employed, and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
Formulations of the compounds of this invention are prepared for storage or administration by mixing the compound having a desired degree of purity with physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers etc., and may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations. Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985). Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpynolidinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
Dosage formulations of the compounds of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution. The pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be 3-11, more preferably 5-9 and most preferably 7-8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts. While the prefened route of administration is by injection, other methods of administration are also anticipated such as orally, intravenously (bolus and/or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally, transdermally or intraperitoneally, employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches. The compounds of this invention are desirably incorporated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone mbber or other polymers commercially available.
The compounds of the invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
The compounds of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpynolidinone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy- propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, compounds of the invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a dmg, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels. Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like. Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods. For each particular compound of the present invention, individual determinations may be made to determine the optimal dosage required. The range of therapeutically effective dosages will be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids. For other routes of administration, the absorption efficiency must be individually determined for each compound by methods well known in pharmacology. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect. The determination of effective dosage levels, that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be readily determined by one skilled in the art. Typically, applications of compound are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage levels being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
The compounds of the invention can be administered orally or parenterally in an effective amount within the dosage range of about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 50 mg kg and more preferably about 1 to 20 mg/kg on a regimen in a single or 2 to 4 divided daily doses and/or continuous infusion.
Typically, about 5 to 500 mg of a compound or mixture of compounds of this invention, as the free acid or base form or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc., as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice. The amount of active ingredient in these compositions is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
Typical adjuvants which may be incoφorated into tablets, capsules and the like are binders such as acacia, com starch or gelatin, and excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, disintegrating agents like com starch or alginic acid, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sweetening agents such as sucrose or lactose, or flavoring agents. When a dosage form is a capsule, in addition to the above materials it may also contain liquid carriers such as water, saline, or a fatty oil. Other materials of various types may be used as coatings or as modifiers of the physical form of the dosage unit. Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to conventional pharmaceutical practice. For example, dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired. Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be incorporated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
Preparation of Compounds
The compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by either solid or liquid phase methods described and referenced in standard textbooks, or by a combination of both methods. These methods are well known in the art. See,
Bodanszky, "The Principles of Peptide Synthesis", Hafner, et al, Eds., Springer- Nerlag, Berlin, 1984.
Starting materials used in any of these methods are commercially available from chemical vendors such as Aldrich, Sigma, Nova Biochemicals, Bachem Biosciences, and the like, or may be readily synthesized by known procedures.
Reactions are carried out in standard laboratory glassware and reaction vessels under reaction conditions of standard temperature and pressure, except where otherwise indicated.
During the synthesis of these compounds, the functional groups of the amino acid derivatives used in these methods are protected by blocking groups to prevent cross reaction during the coupling procedure. Examples of suitable blocking groups and their use are described in "The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis, Biology", Academic Press, Vol. 3 (Gross, et al., Eds., 1981) and Vol. 9 (1987), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Non-limiting exemplary synthesis schemes are outlined directly below, and specific steps are described in the Examples. The reaction products are isolated and purified by conventional methods, typically by solvent extraction into a compatible solvent. The products may be further purified by column chromatography or other appropriate methods.
Scheme 1
1.HCI, methanol 2.NH4OAC, methanol, reflux
H2, 10%Pd/C, methanol
Scheme 2
Scheme3
- AcONa/Ac2OH
TFA
Sche e 4
Scheme 5
1. HCI, MeOH
2. NH4OAc, MeOH
H2, 10% Pd/C MeOH
Scheme 6
(CF3CH2θ)2P(0)CH2Cθ2Me KN(SiMe3)2, 18-crown-6 AIMea, DCM
Scheme 7
Scheme 8
Scheme 9
Scheme 10
POCI3 separate
Scheme 11
A!Me3, DCM
€> >NH2 S02NHtBu
1.HCI, methanol 2.NH4OAC, methanol, reflux
H2, 10%Pd/C, methanol
Scheme 12
■Cθ 2Et
H, Pd-C
1) mCPBA
2) TsCl / Pyridine
3) ethanolamine
4) TFA
Compositions and Formulations
The compounds of this invention may be isolated as the free acid or base or converted to salts of various inorganic and organic acids and bases. Such salts are within the scope of this invention. Non-toxic and physiologically compatible salts are particularly useful although other less desirable salts may have use in the processes of isolation and purification.
A number of methods are useful for the preparation of the salts described above and are known to those skilled in the art. For example, reaction of the free acid or free base form of a compound of the structures recited above with one or more molar equivalents of the desired acid or base in a solvent or solvent mixture in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent like water after which the solvent is removed by evaporation, distillation or freeze drying. Alternatively, the free acid or base form of the product may be passed over an ion exchange resin to form the desired salt or one salt form of the product may be converted to another using the same general process.
Diagnostic applications of the compounds of this invention will typically utilize formulations such as solution or suspension. In the management of thrombotic disorders the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories, sterile solutions or suspensions or injectable administration, and the like, or incorporated into shaped articles. Subjects in need of treatment (typically mammalian) using the compounds of this invention can be administered dosages that will provide optimal efficacy. The dose and method of administration will vary from subject to subject and be dependent upon such factors as the type of mammal being treated, its sex, weight, diet, concurrent medication, overall clinical condition, the particular compounds employed, the specific use for which these compounds are employed, and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize.
Formulations of the compounds of this invention are prepared for storage or administration by mixing the compound having a desired degree of purity with physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers etc., and may be provided in sustained release or timed release formulations. Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical field, and are described, for example, in Remingto 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., (A.R. Gennaro edit. 1985). Such materials are nontoxic to the recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, acetate and other organic acid salts, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) peptides such as polyarginine, proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins, hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinalpyrrohdinone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol, counterions such as sodium and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethyleneglycol.
Dosage formulations of the compounds of this invention to be used for therapeutic administration must be sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile membranes such as 0.2 micron membranes, or by other conventional methods. Formulations typically will be stored in lyophilized form or as an aqueous solution. The pH of the preparations of this invention typically will be between 3 and 11 , more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of cyclic polypeptide salts. While the preferred route of administration is by injection, other methods of administration are also anticipated such as intravenously (bolus and or infusion), subcutaneously, intramuscularly, colonically, rectally, nasally or intraperitoneally, employing a variety of dosage forms such as suppositories, implanted pellets or small cylinders, aerosols, oral dosage formulations and topical formulations such as ointments, drops and dermal patches. The compounds of this invention are desirably incoφorated into shaped articles such as implants which may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other polymers commercially available.
The compounds of this invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
The compounds of this invention may also be delivered by the use of antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, hormones, or other targeting moieties, to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds of this invention may also be coupled with suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy- propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the factor Xa inhibitors of this invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels. Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like. Therapeutic compound liquid formulations generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by hypodermic injection needle.
Therapeutically effective dosages may be determined by either in vitro or in vivo methods. For each particular compound of the present invention, individual determinations may be made to determine the optimal dosage required. The range of therapeutically effective dosages will naturally be influenced by the route of administration, the therapeutic objectives, and the condition of the patient. For injection by hypodermic needle, it may be assumed the dosage is delivered into the body's fluids. For other routes of administration, the absoφtion efficiency must be individually determined for each inhibitor by methods well known in pharmacology. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the therapist to titer the dosage and modify the route of administration as required to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect. The determination of effective dosage levels, that is, the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, will be within the ambit of one skilled in the art.
Typically, applications of compound are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage levels being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
A typical dosage might range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.10 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg. Advantageously, the compounds of this invention may be administered several times daily, and other dosage regimens may also be useful.
Typically, about 0.5 to 500 mg of a compound or mixture of compounds of this invention, as the free acid or base form or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, dye, flavor etc., as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice. The amount of active ingredient in these compositions is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.
Typical adjuvants which may be incoφorated into tablets, capsules and the like are a binder such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, and excipient such as microcrystalline cellulose, a disintegrating agent like corn starch or alginic acid, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, a sweetening agent such as sucrose or lactose, or a flavoring agent. When a dosage form is a capsule, in addition to the above materials it may also contain a liquid carrier such as water, saline, a fatty oil. Other materials of various types may be used as coatings or as modifiers of the physical form of the dosage unit. Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to conventional pharmaceutical practice. For example, dissolution or suspension of the active compound in a vehicle such as an oil or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate, or into a liposome may be desired. Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be incoφorated according to accepted pharmaceutical practice.
In practicing the methods of this invention, the compounds of this invention may be used alone or in combination, or in combination with other therapeutic or diagnostic agents. In certain preferred embodiments, the compounds of this inventions may be coadministered along with other compounds typically prescribed for these conditions according to generally accepted medical practice, such as anticoagulant agents, thrombolytic agents, or other antithrombotics, including platelet aggregation inhibitors, tissue plasminogen activators, urokinase, prourokinase, streptokinase, heparin, aspirin, or warfarin. The compounds of this invention can be utilized in vivo, ordinarily in mammals such as primates, such as humans, sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats and mice, or in vitro. The preferred compounds of the present invention are characterized by their ability to inhibit thrombus formation with acceptable effects on classical measures of coagulation parameters, platelets and platelet function, and acceptable levels of bleeding complications associated with their use. Conditions characterized by undesired thrombosis would include those involving the arterial and venous vasculature.
With respect to the coronary arterial vasculature, abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the rupture of an established atherosclerotic plaque which is the major cause of acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, as well as also characterizing the occlusive coronary thrombus formation resulting from either thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTC A).
With respect to the venous vasculature, abnormal thrombus formation characterizes the condition observed in patients undergoing major surgery in the lower extremities or the abdominal area who often suffer from thrombus formation in the venous vasculature resulting in reduced blood flow to the affected extremity and a predisposition to pulmonary embolism. Abnormal thrombus formation further characterizes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy commonly occurs within both vascular systems during septic shock, certain viral infections and cancer, a condition wherein there is rapid consumption of coagulation factors and systemic coagulation which results in the formation of life-threatening thrombi occurring throughout the microvasculature leading to widespread organ failure.
The compounds of this present invention, selected and used as disclosed herein, are believed to be useful for preventing or treating a condition characterized by undesired thrombosis, such as (a) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated acute coronary syndrome including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, refractory angina, occlusive coronary thrombus occurring post- thrombolytic therapy or post-coronary angioplasty, (b) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotically mediated cerebrovascular syndrome including embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke or transient ischemic attacks, (c) the treatment or prevention of any thrombotic syndrome occurring in the venous system including deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus occurring either spontaneously or in the setting of malignancy, surgery or trauma, (d) the treatment or prevention of any coagulopathy including disseminated intravascular coagulation (including the setting of septic shock or other infection, surgery, pregnancy, trauma or malignancy and whether associated with multi-organ failure or not), thrombotic thrombocytopenic puφura, thromboangiitis obliterans, or thrombotic disease associated with heparin induced thrombocytopenia, (e) the treatment or prevention of thrombotic complications associated with extracoφoreal circulation (e.g. renal dialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass or other oxygenation procedure, plasmapheresis), (f) the treatment or prevention of thrombotic complications associated with instrumentation (e.g. cardiac or other intravascular catheterization, intra-aortic balloon pump, coronary stent or cardiac valve), and (g) those involved with the fitting of prosthetic devices.
Anticoagulant therapy is also useful to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage. Thus the compounds of this invention can be added to or contacted with any medium containing or suspected to contain factor Xa and in which it is desired that blood coagulation be inhibited, e.g., when contacting the mammal's blood with material such as vascular grafts, stents, orthopedic prostheses, cardiac stents, valves and prostheses, extra coφoreal circulation systems and the like.
Without further description, it is believed that one of ordinary skill in the art can, using the preceding description and the following illustrative examples, make and utilize the compounds of the present invention and practice the claimed methods. The following working examples therefore, specifically point out preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting in any way the remainder of the disclosure.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of N-tert-butyl benzenesulfonamide
To a solution of tert-butylamine (5.73g, 78.4mmol) and triethylamine (16.6ml, 119mmol) in dichloromethane (200ml) in an ice bath was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (13.85g, 78.4mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was washed with saturated sodium carbonate (60ml) and brine (60ml). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2x50ml). The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a light yellowish solid (15.92g, 95%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 214.
B. Preparation of 2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)-benzeneboronic acid.
To a solution of N-tert-butyl benzenesulfonamide (15.92g, 74.7mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (200ml) in an ice bath was added 1.6M n-butyllithium in hexane (100ml, 164mmol) dropwise over 30 minutes. The mixture remained a clear solution. In an ice bath it was added triisopropylborate (24.1ml, 104mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3.5hrs, solution becoming cloudy. After it was cooled in an ice bath, IN hydrochloride (200ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was extracted with ether (2x50ml). The organic extract was washed with IN sodium hydroxide (2x60ml). The aqueous solution was acidified to pH=l with 6N hydrochloride, and then extracted with ether (2x100ml). The ether extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a while solid (11.5g, 60%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 258.
C. Preparation of 4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-aniline To a solution of 2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)-benzeneboronic acid (6.00g,
23.35mmol) in 120ml toluene was added water (16ml), isopropanol (60ml), and NaOH (40ml, 5M aqueous solution). To this were added 4-bromoaniline and Pd(Ph3P)4. This heterogeneous mixture is then refluxed for 6hr, then stirred at room temperature over night before refluxing for another 1.5hr. The reaction mixture is then partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer is extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are then dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue is purified by silica gel flash chromatography. The desired product can be eluded with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes and concentrated to give an orange solid (5.06g, 16.65, 71%). ES- MS(M+H)+=305.
D. Preparation of (Z) methyl 3-cyanocinnamate
To a solution of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(methoxycarbonylmethyl) phosphonate (1.00 g, 3.14 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (4.14 g, 15.7 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at -78 C, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (6.3 mL, 0.5 M in toluene, 3.15 mmol) was added dropwise. After the addition was completed, 3-cyanobenzaldehyde (0.412 g, 3.14 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at - 78 C for 30 min before it was quenched with aq. NH4C1. Water and ether were added. Aqueous phase was separated, extracted with ether once more. The combined organic solutions were dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a solid, which was purified by a silica gel column, first eluted with EtOAc/hexane (5/95), then with EtOAc/hexane (10/90) to give the titled compound (0.40 g) (yield: 68%). MS 188 (M + H). E. Preparation of (2Z)-N-[4-(2-[(tert-butylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-acrylamide.
To a solution of 4-(2'-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)aniline (80 mg, 0.263 mmol) in CH2C12 (4 mL) at room temperature, trimethylaluminum (0.39 mL, 2.0 M in hexane, 0.78 mmol) was added dropwise. After the solution was stirred for 30 min at room temperature, compound (Z) methyl 3-cyanocinnamate (50 mg, 0.267 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The solution was neutralized with IN HCI (10 mL) to pH = 1-2. Water and CH2C12 were added, and organic phase was separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a yellowish soild (120 mg) (yield: 98%), which was sufficiently pure to be used in the following reaction. MS 482 (M + Na)
F. Preparation of (2Z)-N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide. To a solution of compound (2Z)-N-[4-(2-[(tert- butylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (120 mg, 0.261 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH cooled in ice bath, hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled to saturation. The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight. It was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in anhydrous MeOH (4 mL). To the solution, NH4OAc (120 mg, 1.56 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to reflux for 0.5 h. It was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC using a gradient of 5% CH3CN in H2O (containing 0.1% TFA) to 80% CH3CN over 60 min. Fractions containing the desired product were pooled, and lyophilized to give a powder (50 mg) (yield: 46%). MS 421 (M + H)
G. Preparation of N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide.
A solution of compound (2Z)-N-[4-(2-[(tert- butylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (12 mg, 22 μmol) and Pd-C (5%, 6 mg) in MeOH (2 mL) was hydrogenated in a Parr Shaker under 50 psi overnight. The solution was then filtered through a plug of celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the titled compound (12 mg) (yield: 99%). MS 423 (M + H) Example 2. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2- methoxycarbonyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of (2E) and (2Z) tert-butyl 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)- acrylate.
To a solution of 3-cyanobenzaldehyde (0.700 g, 5.34 mmol) and t-butyl methyl malonate (0.845 mL, 5.00 mmol) in toluene (40 mL), piperidine (0.500 mL, 5.06 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. Dean-Stark apparatus was used to remove generated water. Ethyl acetate (50 mL) and 0.5 N HCI (50 mL) were added. Organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. The oil was dry- packed onto a silica gel column, eluted with hexane first, then with 5% to 10% EtOAc in hexane gradually to give the desired product as a mixture of trans and cis isomers (0.44 g) (yield: 31%).
B. Preparation of N-[4-(2 {[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-2- methoxycarbonyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide.
Compound (2E) and (2Z) tert-butyl 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)- acrylate (0.220 g, 0.767 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (6 mL). It was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 h. TFA was removed in vacuo to give a solid. The solid was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (7 mL). To the solution, 4-(2'-tert- butylaminosulfonylphenyl)aniline (0.242 g, 0.796 mmol) and triethylamine (0.200 mL, 1.44 mmol) were added, followed by addition of BOP (0.416 g, 0.940 mmol). The mixture was then stirred room temperature overnight. Water and ethyl acetate were added. Organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a solid (0.391 g) (yield: 99%). It was sufficiently pure to be used in the following reaction. C. Preparation of N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide.
To a solution of compound N-[4-(2 {[(tert- butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)- acrylamide (0.390 g, 0.750 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH cooled in ice bath, hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled to saturation. The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight. It was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in anhydrous MeOH (6 mL). To the solution, NH4OAc (0.450 g, 5.84 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to reflux for 0.5 h. It was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC using a gradient of 5% CH3CN in H2O (containing 0.1%) TFA) to 95% CH3CN over 90 min. Fractions containing the desired product were pooled, and lyophilized to give a powder (60 mg) (yield: 17%). MS 479 (M + H)
D. Preparation of N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A solution of compound N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2- methoxycarbonyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (9 mg, 19 μmol) and Pd-C (10%, 7 mg) in MeOH (2 mL) was hydrogenated under balloon H2 overnight. The solution was then filtered through a plug of celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the titled compound (9 mg) (yield: 99%). MS 481 (M + H)
Example 3. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluorophenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of 4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro-aniline. To a solution of 2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)-benzeneboronic acid (2.06g, 8mmol) in toluene (60ml) was added water (4ml), 8N sodium hydroxide (8ml), isopropanol (16ml), 2-fluoro-4-iodoaniline (3.8g, 16mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (464mg, 0.4mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 3-4 hrs, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water (25ml), and dried over magnesium sulfate. After the evaporation of the solvent in vacuo, the crude reside was purified by silica gel column chromatography using solvent system 20-30% ethyl acetate in hexane as eluent to give the title compound as a white solid (1.49g, 58%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 323.
B. Preparation of (2Z)-N-{4-[2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluorophenyl} -3- (3 -cyanophenyl)-acrylamide
To a solution of 4-[(2-tert-butyla-minosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro-aniline
(161mg, 0.5mmol) in dichloromethane (5ml) was added 2.0M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.75ml, 1.5mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, methane gas evolved. A solution of (Z) methyl 3-cyanocinnamate (94mg, 0.5mmol) in dichloromethane (1ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. IN hydrochloride was added to acidify the solution to pH=2. After the addition of water and dichloromethane, the organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellow oil (260mg, 100%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 478.
C. (2Z)-N- {4-[2-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluorophenyl} -3-(3-amidinophenyl)- acrylamide
To a solution of (2Z)-N-{4-[2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2- fluorophenyl} -3 -(3 -cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (lOOmg, 0.21mmol) in absolute methanol (3ml) in an ice bath was saturated with hydrochloride gas for 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. After the evaporation of solvent in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in absolute methanol (3ml), and ammonia acetate (97mg, 1.26mmol) was added. The mixture was refluxed for 3 hrs. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give the title compound as a white powder (53mg, 58%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 439.
D. Preparation of N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluorophenyl} -3-(3- arnidinophenyl)-propionamide.
To a solution of (2Z)-N-{4-[2-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-fluorophenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (30mg, 0.07mmol) in absolute methanol (2ml) was added 10% Pd/C (catalytic amount). The mixture was hydrogenated under balloon for lhr. After the filtration through celite, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give the compound as a white powder (25mg, 81%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 441.
Example 4. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2-(2- furylcarbonylamino)-3 -(3 -amidinophenyl)-propionamide
A. Preparation of 3-[2-(furyl-2-yl)-5-oxo-l,3-oxazolin-4- ylidene)methyl]benzenecarbonitrile.
A mixture of 3-cyanobenzaldehyde (2.102g, 15.320mmol), N-2- furoylglycine (1.85g, 10.9 mmol), and sodium acetate (0.636g, 7.753mmol) in 15ml acetic anhydride was refluxed for 7 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature before cooling in the freezer over night. The solid was washed with ice cold water then filtered (0.472g, 1.788mmol, 16%). ES-MS(M+H)+=265.
B. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2-(2- furylcarbonylamino)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide. To a solution of 4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-aniline (0.152g, 0.500mmol) in 9ml DCM was added trimethylaluminum (1ml, 2M solution in hexanes, 2mmol) which was allowed to stir for Vz hour. Then 3-[(2-(2-furyl)-5-oxo- l,3-oxazolin-4-ylidene)methyl]benzenecarbonitrile (O.l lg, 0.417mmol) was added drop wise as a solution in 3ml DCM. Three hours later 6M HCI was added drop wise to pH=0. 10ml portions of water and DCM were also added and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with 10ml portions of DCM. The organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield the desired product (0.259, 0.456, 109%). ES-MS(M+H)+=569.
C. Preparation of N- {4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2-(2- furylcarbonylamino)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
To a solution of N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2-(2- furylcarbonylamino)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (0.259g, 0.456mmol) in 7ml ethanol was added hydroxyamine (0.192g, 2.763mmol) and triethyl amine (0.762ml, 5.407mmol). This mixture was refluxed for 2 hours before it was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in AcOH (5ml), then acetic anhydride (0.30ml, 3.182mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to stir for 1.5 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dry MeOH (3ml), 5%Pd/C (22.7mg) was added. A balloon filled with hydrogen gas was fitted to the flask with an adapter. The flask was evacuated and backfilled with hydrogen gas three times before being run for 0.75 hour. The mixture was then filtered over a bed of celite and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via Preparative HPLC to yield the desired product (0.075g, 0.128mmol, 28%). ES-MS(M+H)+=588.
D. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-2-(2- furylcarbonylamino)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide
A solution of compound N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}- 2-(2--furylcarbonylamino)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide (0.075g, 0.128mmol) in TFA (6ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified via preparative HPLC to give the product (0.040g, yield: 58%). ES-MS(M+H)+=532. Example 5. Preparation of N-[4-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-cyanophenyl)- acrylamide
To a solution of 4-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)aniline (74.1 mg, 0.3 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in 5 mL of CH2C12 at 0°C, was added a solution of AlMe3 (2M in hexanes, 0.7 mL, 5 equiv). After 15min, methyl 3-cyanocinnamate (56.1 mg, 1.0 equiv) was added. The resulting solution was stirred overnight, carefully quenched with water, diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried, evaporated and chromatographied on silica gel to give the product in 55% yield. LRMS found for C23H)9N2O3S (M+H)+: 403.1.
B. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- acrylamide The compound N- {4-[(2-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -3-(3-cyanophenyl)- acrylamide (25 mg) was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol . The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and HCI gas was bubbled in until saturation. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the resulting residue was treated with ammonium acetate and 10 ml methanol at reflux temperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the crude pruduct was purified by HPLC (C18 reversed phase) eluting with 0.5% TFA in H2O/CH3CN to give the desired compound in 77% yield. LRMS found for C23H22N3O3S (M+H)+: 420.1.
C. Preparation of N-[4-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidmophenyl)- propionamide The compound N- {4-[(2-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (8 mg) and 5 mg of 10% Pd/C was suspended in 1 mL of methanol . The reaction mixture was stirred under latm hydrogen balloon for 2h and filtered. The solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by HPLC (C18 reversed phase) eluting with 0.5% TFA in H2O/CH3CN to give the desired compound in 63% yield. LRMS found for C23H24N3O3S (M+H)+: 422.1.
Example 6. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidino-4- fluorophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of 2-fluoro-5-bromomethylbenzonitrile.
2-Fluoro-5-methyl benzonitrile (1.26g, 9.32 mmol) was mixed with NBS (1.66 g, 9.32 mmol), benzoyl peroxide (79 mg, 0.33 mmol) in CC14 (45mL). The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. It was cooled to room temperature, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 213.1.
B. Preparation of 3-cyano-4-fluorobenzaldehyde.
To a solution of 2-fluoro-5-bromomethylbenzonitrile (9.32 mmol) in CHC13 (50 mL), was added trimethylamino N-oxide (1.7 g, 23.3 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 3 hrs. Water was added. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using solvent system 20% EtOAc in hexane as eluant to give the title compound. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 150.1.
C. Preparation of (Z) methyl 3-cyano-4-fluorocinnamate
To a solution of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(methoxycarbonylmethyl) phosphonate (0.12 mL, 0.58 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (770 mg, 2.92 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at -78°C, was added potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.17 mL, 0.57 mmol) dropwise. After the addition was complete, 3-cyano-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (87 mg, 0.58 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour. Aqueous NH4C1 solution was added to quench the reaction. Water and EtOAc was added to the mixture. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. This was purified by silica gel column chromatography using solvent system 20% EtOAc in hexane as eluant to give the title compound (85 mg, 71%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 206.1.
D. Preparation of (2Z)-N-[4-(2-[(tert-butylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- cyano-4-fluorophenyl)-acrylamide
To a solution of 4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-aniline (121.6 mg, 0.4 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added trimethylaluminum (0.6 mL, 2M in hexane) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Compound (Z) methyl 3-cyano-4-fluorocinnamate (82 mg, 0.4 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. 2N HCI was added to pH 2. Water and DCM were added. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography using solvent system 50% EtOAc in hexane as eluant to give the title compound. ES-MS (M+Na)+ = 500.1.
E. Preparation of (2Z)-N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -3-(3-amidino-4- fluorophenyl)-acrylamide
A solution of (2Z)-N-[4-(2-[(tert-butylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- cyano-4-fluorophenyl)-acrylamide (99 mg, 0.208 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was treated with a stream of HCI gas for 10 min. at 0°C. The resulting solution was capped, stirred at room temperature overnight and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was reconstituted in MeOH (10 mL) and the mixture was treated with NH4OAc (80 mg, 1.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hrs. and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give the title compound as a white powder. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 439.1.
F. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-amidino-4- fluorophenyl)-propionamide
The compound (2Z)-N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-amidino- 4-fluorophenyl)-acrylamide (10 mg, 0.022 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (5 mL) and 10% Pd/C (catalytic amount) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated under balloon overnight, filtered through Celite to remove the catalyst and the filtrate was evaporated. The obtained residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give the title compound as a white powder. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 441.1.
Example 7. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenylj-3-(2-fluoro-5- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of 2-fluoro-5-cyanobenzaldehyde.
To a solution of LDA (2.6 mL, 2N solution in hexane, 5.2 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at -78°C, was added 4-fluorobenzonitrile in THF (10 mL) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour. To the mixture was added DMF (0.4 mL). The mixture was stirred at -78°C for another 15 min., quenched rapidly with AcOH (2 mL) and water (10 mL), extracted with ether (50 mL). The ether extracts were washed with IN HCI (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. (M+H)+ = 150.
B. Preparation of the final compound N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2- fluoro-5-amidinophenyl)-propionamide, starting from 2-fluoro-5- cyanobenzaldehyde, was completed analogously to preparation of N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidino-4-fluorophenyl)-propionamide in Example 6. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 441.1.
Example 8. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidino-4- methoxyphenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of 3-cyano-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol.
To a solution of methyl-3-cyano-4-methoxybenzoate (5g, 26.2 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added lithium borohydride (53 mL, 2.00M solution in THF, 105 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. IN HCI was slowly added until bubbling stopped. THF was removed in vacuo and EtOAc and water were added. The organic layer was washed with water, saturated NaHCO3 solution, brine, dried with Na-jSO., and solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (3.7 g, 86.7%).
B. Preparation of 3-cyano-4-methoxybenzaldehyde.
To a solution of 3-cyano-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (2g, 12.3 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) was added IBX (4.673g, 17.7 mmol) slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overmght. EtOAc and water were added. The formed precipitate was removed. The organic layer was washed with IN HCI, water, saturated NaHCO3, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using DCM as eluant to give the title compound (Ug, 56%). ES-MS (M+H)+ = 162.1.
C. Preparation of the final compound N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- amidino-4-methoxyphenyl)-propionamide, starting from 3-cyano-4- methoxybenzaldehyde, was completed analogously to preparation of N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidino-4-fluorophenyl)-propionamide in Example 6. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 443.1.
Example 9. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2-methoxy-5- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
The compound was prepared analogously to preparation of N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidino-4-methoxyphenyl)-propionamide in Example 8. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 443.1.
Example 10. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2-(2- methoxyethoxy)-5-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
The compound was prepared analogously to preparation of N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidino-4-methoxyphenyl)-propionamide in Example 8. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 487.1.
Example 11. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-5- amidinophenyl)-propionamide. MS (M+H)+ = 429.
Example 12. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide. MS (M+H)+ = 429.
Example 13. Preparation of (2S) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-amino-3- (3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A. Preparation of (2S) N-[4-(2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl)phenyl]-2-tert- butoxycarbony lamino-3 -(3 -cyanophenyl)-propionamide
N-Boc-meta-cyano-phenylalanine (200 mg, 0.69 mmol) and 4-[(2-tert- butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]-aniline (210 mg, 0.69 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (3 mL). DIEA (0.24 mL, 1.4 mmol) was added followed by the addition of the coupling reagent PyBOP (572 mg, 1.1 mmol). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted in a mixture of EtOAc/H2O. The organic layer was washed with water, saturated Na^O-,, water, IM KHSO4, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and solvent evaporated to give the title compound. ES- MS (M+H)+ = 521.1.
B. Preparation of (2S) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-amino-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
A solution of (2S) N-[4-(2-(tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl)phenyl]-2-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-propionamide (132 mg, 0.23 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was treated with a stream of HCI gas for 10 min. at 0°C. The resulting solution was capped, stirred at room temperature overnight and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was reconstituted in MeOH (10 mL) and the mixture was treated with NH4OAc (540 mg, 7 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hrs. and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give the title compound as a white powder. ES-MS (M+H)+ = 438.1. Example 14. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
Part A. Ethyl 3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-propenoate and ethyl (Z)-3- { [(trifluoromethyl)-sulfonyl]oxy } -2-propenoate
To a solution of ethyl acetoacetate (1.3g, lOmmol) in 10ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added triethylamine (1.46ml, 10.5mmol). The reaction was cooled to -78°C under argon to which trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (2.96g, 10.5mmol) was added dropwise via syringe over 5 minutes. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred over night. Next morning the reaction was diluted with 25ml dichloromethane, organic was washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml IN HCI, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Crude oil was chromatographed on silica gel using 5% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give 1) ethyl (E)-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-propenoate (800mg, 60%) as a clear oil:
H'NMR (CDC13) : 1.247-1.282 (t, 3H); 2.471 (s, H); 4.155-4.209 (m, 2H); 5.912 (s, H); and 2) ethyl (Z)-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-propenoate (450mg, 30%) as a clear oil: H'NMR (CDC13) : 1.247-1.283 (t, 3H); 2.131 (s, 3H); 4.18-4.233 (m, 2H); 5.736 (s, H)
Part B. Ethyl (Z) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-propenoate
To a solution of ethyl (Z)-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-propenoate (330mg, 1.25mmol) in 5ml anhydrous dioxane was added potassium phosphate (398mg, 1.88mmol), 3-cyanophenyl boronic acid (185mg, 1.25mmol), and tefrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) (36mg, 0.031mmol). Reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. Mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, diluted with 50ml ethyl acetate, washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 5% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give ethyl (Z) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-propenoate (240mg, 71%) as a clear oil after drying. ES-MS (M+H+): 216.05
Part C. Preparation of (2Z) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide.
To a solution of 2'-tert-butylaminosulfonyl-4-amino-[l,r]-biphenyl (198mg, 0.65mmol) in 5ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added a solution of 2M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.98ml, 1.95mmol). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes to which a solution of ethyl (Z) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2- propenoate (140mg, 0.65mmol) in 1ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added. Reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was quenched with 5ml IN HCI after which an additional 20ml dichloromethane was added. Organic was washed with 2x25ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give (2Z) N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)- acrylamide (200mg, 65%) as a light brown residue which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification.
To a solution of (2Z) N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3- mefhyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (90mg, 0.19mmol) in 5ml anhydrous methanol cooled in an ice bath was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (144mg, 2mmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Vydac C18 HPLC column to give 3-((lZ)-l-methyl-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}vinyl)-benzenecarboxamidine (35mg, 20%) as a fluffy white powder after lyophilization. ES-MS (M+H+): 435.1
Part D. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide
To a solution of (2Z) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (5mg, 0.0115mmol) in 4ml methanol was added 10% Pd on carbon (2mg). Mixture was treated with 50psi hydrogen on the PARR apparatus for lhr. Reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite, concentrated and lyophilized to give the title compound (3mg, 60%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 437.1
Example 15. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-3- (3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
Part A. Ethyl (Z)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-butenoate
To a solution of ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate (5g, 27.2mmol) in 20ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added triethylamine (5.7ml, 40.7mmol). Reaction was cooled under argon to -78°C to which trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (11.5g, 10.5mmol) was added dropwise via syringe over 5 minutes. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred over night. Next morning the reaction was diluted with 25ml dichloromethane, organic was washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml IN HCI, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Crude oil was chromatographed on silica gel using 5% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give ethyl (Z)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-butenoate (7.7g, 90%) as a clear light yellow oil after drying. H'NMR (CDC13) : 1.31-1.35 (t, 3H); 4.33-4.35 (m, 2H); 6.535 (s, H).
Part B. Ethyl (2E)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate
To a solution of ethyl (Z)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3- {[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy} -2- butenoate (250mg, 0J9mmol) in 5ml anhydrous dioxane was added potassium phosphate (251mg, 1.19mmol), 3-cyanophenyl boronic acid (116mg, 0.79mmol), and tefrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) (23mg, 0.02mmol). Reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. Mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, diluted with 50ml ethyl acetate, washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 20% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give ethyl (2E)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate (150mg, 79%) as a yellow residue after drying. H'NMR (CDC13) 1.107-1.142 (t, 3H); 4.05-4.107 (m, 2H); 6.684 (s, H); 7.38-7.72 (m, 4H).
Part C. Preparation of (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-3- (3 -amidinophenyl)-acrylamide.
To a solution of 2'-tert-butylaminosulfonyl-4-amino-[l, ]-biphenyl (79mg, 0.26mmol) in 5ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added a solution of 2M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.39ml, 0.78mmol). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes to which a solution of ethyl (Z) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4,4,4- trifluoro-2-butenoate (70mg, 0.26mmol) in 1ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added. Reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was quenched with 5ml IN HCI after which an additional 20ml dichloromethane was added. Organic was washed with 2x25ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give (2E) N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl] -3 -trifluoromethyl-3 -(3 - cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (120mg, 88%) as a yellow foam which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification.
To a solution of (2E) N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3- trifluoromethyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (90mg, 0.19mmol) in 10ml 1 :1 ethyl acetate: anhydrous methanol cooled to -78°C was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was placed in the refrigerator at 0°C over the weekend. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried methyl imidate residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (144mg, 2mmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated then treated with 10ml trifluoroacetic acid for 2hrs, concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Vydac C18 HPLC column to give the title compound (57mg, 47%) as a fluffy white powder after lyophilization. ES-MS (M+H+): 489.15
Part D. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide
To a solution of (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl- 3-(3-amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (lOmg, 0.02mmol) in 4ml methanol was added 10% Pd on carbon (2mg). Mixture was treated with hydrogen at 1 atmosphere under balloon for lhr. Reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite, concentrated and lyophilized to give the title compound (8mg, 82%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 491.1
Example 16. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(l- pyrazolylmethyl)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
Part A. 3-(2-bromoacetyl) benzonitrile
To a solution of 3-acetobenzonitrile (5g, 0.0344mol) in 45ml glacial acetic acid was added pyridinium tribromide (11.3g, 0.0355mol). Reaction was stπred at room temperature under argon overnight. Reaction was then quenched with a saturated sodium sulfite solution (20ml) and extracted with 3x25ml dichloromethane. Combined organic phases were washed with 2x25ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Crude oil was chromatographed on silica gel using 5% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give 3-(2-bromoacetyl) benzonitrile (4.5g, 58%) as a white solid. H'NMR (CDC13) 4.371-4.403 (s, 2H); 7.613-7.664 (m, H); 7.838-7.888 (m, H); 8.192-8.261 (m, 2H)
Part B. 3-[2-(iH-l-Pyrazolyl)acetyl]benzonitrile
To a solution of 3-(2-bromoacetyl)benzonitrile (500mg, 2.23mmol) in 5ml dichloromethane was added pyrazole (304mg, 4.46mmol) and triethylamine (0.31ml, 2.23mmol). Reaction was stirced at room temperature over night. Reaction was then diluted with 20ml dichloromethane, washed with 2x25ml water, 2x25ml IN ΗC1, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Crude residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 2.5% EtOAc in hexane to give 3-[2-(JH-l- pyrazolyl)acetyl]benzonitrile (330mg, 70%) as a clear oil after drying. ES-MS (M+H+): 212.05
Part C. Methyl (E)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-(7H-l-pyrazolyl)-2-butenoate
To a solution of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(methoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate (0.39ml, 1.87mmol) in 5ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added a solution of 18- crown-6 (2g, 7.8mmol) in 5ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. Reaction was cooled to -78° C to which a 0.5M solution of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in toluene (0.93ml, 1.87mmol) was added all at once. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78° C for 20 minutes after which a solution of 3-[2-(7H-l-pyrazolyl)acetyl]- benzonitrile (330mg, 1.56mmol) in 5ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise over several minutes. Reaction was gradually allowed to warm to room temperature and strrred for 5 hours. Reaction was then quenched with a saturated ammonium chloride solution (10ml) and extracted with 2x25ml diethyl ether. Combined organic layers were washed with 2x25ml water, 2x25ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to a brown residue. Crude residue was chromatographed on silica gel using a gradient of 5% EtOAc in hexane containing 0.1% triethylamine to 20% EtOAc in hexane containing 0.1% triethylamine to give methyl (E)-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-4-(/H-l-pyrazolyl)-2-butenoate (135mg, 32%) as a clear oil after drying. Η'NMR (CDC13) 3.521 (s, #Η); 4.98 (s, 2H); 5.694 (s, H); 6.237-6.247 (t, H); 7.296- 7.593 (m, 6H). NOE experiment confirmed the stereochemical configuration.
Part D. Preparation of (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-3- (3-amidinophenyl)-acrylamide.
To a solution of 2'-tert-butylaminosulfonyl-4-amino-[l, ]-biphenyl (105mg, 0.34mmol) in 4ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added a solution of 2M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.5ml, 1.02mmol). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes to which a solution of methyl (E)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-(lH- l-pyrazolyl)-2-butenoate (90mg, 0.34mmol) in 1ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added. Reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was quenched with 5ml IN ΗC1 after which an additional 20ml dichloromethane was added. Organic was washed with 2x20ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give (2E) N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(l- pyrazolylmethyl)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (155mg, 85%) as an off-white foam which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification.
To a solution of (2E) N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(l- pyrazolylmethyl)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-acrylamide (155mg, 0.287mmol) in 10ml 1:1 ethyl acetate: anhydrous methanol cooled to -78°C was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried methyl imidate residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (77mg, lmmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated, treated with trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) for 2hrs, concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Nydac C18 HPLC column to give the title compound (40mg, 28%) as a fluffy white powder after lyophilization. ES-MS (M+H+): 501.1
Part E. Ν-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(l-pyrazolylmethyl)-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
To a solution of (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl- 3-(3-amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (5mg, O.Olmmol) in 4ml methanol was added 10% Pd on carbon (lmg). Mixture was treated with hydrogen at 1 atmosphere under balloon for lhr. Reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite, concentrated and lyophilized to give the title compound (5mg, 100%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 503.1
Example 17. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2-furyl)-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
Part A. Ethyl (Z)-3-(2-furyl)-3- {[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy} -2-propenoate To a solution of ethyl R-oxo-3-furanpropionate (lg, 5.49mmol) in 5ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added triethylamine (0.847ml, 6.04mmol). Reaction was cooled under argon to -78°C to which trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1.02ml, 6.04mmol) was added dropwise via syringe over 5 minutes. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred over night. Next morning the reaction was diluted with 25ml dichloromethane, organic was washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml IN HCI, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was chromatographed on silica gel using 20% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give ethyl (Z)-3-(2-furyl)-3- {[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy} -2-propenoate (1.6g, 93%) as a light brown solid after drying. H'NMR (CDC13) 1.31-1.35 (t, 3H); 4.26-4.314 (m, 2H); 6.065 (s, H); 6.522 (s, H); 7.47 (s, H); 7.76 (s, H).
Part B. Ethyl (E) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-(2-furyl)-2-propenoate
To a solution of ethyl (Z)-3-(2-furyl)-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2- propenoate (500mg, 1.59mmol) in 7ml anhydrous dioxane was added potassium phosphate (506mg, 2.4mmol), 3-cyanophenyl boronic acid (234mg, 1.59mmol), and tefrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) (46mg, 0.04mmol). Reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. Mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, diluted with 50ml ethyl acetate, washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was chromatographed on silica gel using a gradient from 5% EtOAc in hexane to 10% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give ethyl (E) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-(2-furyl)- 2-propenoate (lOOmg, 24%) as a clear yellow oil after drying. H'NMR ^DCy 1.1- 1.14 (t, 3H); 4,016-4.035 (m, 2H); 5.293 (s, H); 7.45-7.549 (m, 3H); 7.669 (m, H). ES- MS (M+H+): 268.05
Part C. (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2-furyl)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- acrylamide.
To a solution of 2'-tButylaminosulfonyl-4-amino-[l, ]-biphenyl (102mg, 0.336mmol) in 4ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added a solution of 2M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.5ml, l.Ommol). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes to which a solution of ethyl (E) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-(2- furyl)-2-propenoate (90mg, 0.336mmol) in 1ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added. Reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was quenched with 5ml 1N HCI after which an additional 20ml dichloromethane was added. Organic was washed with 2x20ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give (2E)-N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-cyanoρhenyl)-3-(2- furyl)prop-2-enamide (200mg, 112%) as a brown foam which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification.
To a solution of (2E)-N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3- (3-cyanophenyl)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-enamide (176mg, 0.336mmol) in 10ml 1 :1 ethyl acetate: anhydrous methanol cooled to -78°C was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried methyl imidate residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (144mg, 2mmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated, treated with trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) for 2hrs, concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Vydac C18 HPLC column to give the title compound (60mg, (37%) as a fluffy off-white powder after lyophihzation. ES-MS (M+H+): 487.15
Part D. N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(2-furyl)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide.
To a solution of (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)ρhenyl]-3-(2-furyl)-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (lOmg, 0.02mmol) in 4ml methanol was added 10%) Pd on carbon (2mg). Mixture was treated with hydrogen at 1 atmosphere under balloon for lhr. Reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite, concentrated and lyophihzed to give the title compound (9mg, 90%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 489.15
Example 18. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methoxymethyl-3- (3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
Part A. Methyl (Z)-4-methoxy-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-butenoate
To a solution of methyl 4-methoxy-3-oxobutanoate (5g, 34.2mmol) in 20ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added triethylamine (5.24ml, 37.6mmol). Reaction was cooled under argon to -78°C to which trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride
(lO.όgml, 37.6mmol) was added dropwise via syringe over 5 minutes. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred over night. Next morning the reaction was diluted with 25ml dichloromethane, organic was washed with 2x50ml water, 2x50ml IN HCI, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oil was chromatographed on silica gel using a gradient of 5% EtOAc in hexane to 10% EtOAc in hexane as the eluent to give methyl (Z)-4-methoxy-3- {[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2-butenoate (5.1g, 54%) as a clear colorless oil after drying. H'NMR (CDC13) 3.342 (s, 3H); 3.711 (s, 3H); 3.99 (s, H); 6.02 (s, H).
Part B. Methyl (E)-3 -(3 -cyanophenyl)-4-methoxy-2-butenoate
To a solution of methyl (Z)-4-methoxy-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-oxy}-2- butenoate (246mg, 1.Ommol) in 5ml anhydrous dioxane was added potassium phosphate (318mg, 1.5mmol), 3-cyanophenyl boronic acid (162mg, 1. Ommol), and tefrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) (29mg, 0.025 lmmol). Reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred overnight. Mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, diluted with 20ml ethyl acetate. Organic was washed with 2x20ml water, 2x20ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give methyl (E)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxy-2-butenoate (220mg, 75%) as a clear brown oil which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification. ES-MS (M+H+): 232.1
Part C. (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methoxymethyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-acrylamide.
To a solution of 2'-tButylaminosulfonyl-4-amino-[l, ]-biphenyl (105mg, 0.35mmol) in 4ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added a solution of 2M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.53ml, 1.05mmol). Reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes to which a solution of methyl (E) 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4- methoxy-2-butenoate (80mg, 0.35mmol) in 1ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added. Reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction was quenched with 5ml IN HCI after which an additional 20ml dichloromethane was added. Organic was washed with 2x20ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give (2E)-N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-4- methoxybut-2-enamide (150mg, 85%) as a white foam after drying which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification.
To a solution of (2E)-N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3- (3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxybut-2-enamide (150mg, 0.298mmol) in 10ml 1:1 ethyl acetate: anhydrous methanol cooled to -78°C was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried methyl imidate residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (77mg, lmmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated, treated with trifluoroacetic acid (10ml) for 2hrs, concentrated and purified on a 2x25 cm Nydac C18 HPLC column to give the title compound (34mg, (25%o) as a fluffy off-white powder after lyophihzation. ES-MS (M+H+): 465.15
Part D. Ν-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methoxymethyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide.
To a solution of (2E) N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3- methoxymethyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-acrylamide (5mg, O.Olmmol) in 4ml methanol was added 10% Pd on carbon (lmg). Mixture was treated with hydrogen at 1 atmosphere under balloon for lhr. Reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite, concentrated and lyophihzed to give the title compound (5mg, 100%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 467.15
Example 19. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-N- (carboxylmethyl)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylpropionamide.
A. Ethyl 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylate.
To a solution of triethyl 2-fluoro-2-phosphonoacetate (0.838 mL, 4.13 mmol) in anhydrous THF (25 mL) at -78 C, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (0.5 M in toluene, 10.0 mL, 5.00 mmol) was added dropwise. After 10 min following the addition, a solution of 3-acetylbenzonitrile (0.600 g, 4.14 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 C for 30 min, then removed to room temperature, and stirred at the temperature overnight. Aqueous NH4C1 and EtOAc were added. Organic phase was separated, washed with sat. NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give an oil as a mixture of E- and Z-isomers in a ratio of 5 : 1 (0.920g, yield: 95%), which was pure enough to be used in the next reaction. MS 234 (M + H).
B. N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2- fluoro-3-methylacrylamide.
To the solution of 4-(2'-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)aniline (0.195 g, 0.641 mmol) in CH2C12 (8 mL) at room temperature, trimethylaluminum (2.0 M in hexane, 0.96 mL, 1.92 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. A solution of ethyl 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylate (0.149 g, 0.639 mmol) in CH2C12 (5 mL) was added. It was stirred overnight. IN HCI was added to neutralize the solution to pH 2-3. Water and CH2C12 were added. Organic phase was separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a solid (0.290 g, yield: 92%), which was pure enough to be used in the next reaction. MS 436 (M + H - *Bu) and 514 (M + Na). C. N- {4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)- 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylamide
To a solution of N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylamide (230mg, 0.47mmol) in 15ml DMF was added cesium carbonate (460mg, 1.41 mmol) and bromomethyl acetate (355mg, 2.35mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours then diluted with 25ml of ethyl acetate. Organic was washed with 3x25ml water, 3x25ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (230mg, 86%) as yellow foam. ES-MS (M+H+): 563.2.
D. N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -N-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-2-fluoro-3 -methy lacrylamide
To a solution of N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-N- (methoxycarbonylmethyl)-3 -(3 -cyanophenyl)-2-fluoro-3 -methylacrylamide (23 Omg, 0.408mmol) in 10ml 1:1 ethyl acetate: anhydrous methanol cooled to -78°C was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred 18 hours. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried methyl imidate residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (115mg, 1.5mmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was then concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Nydac C18 HPLC column to give the title compound (150mg, 70%) as a fluffy white powder after lyophihzation. ES-MS (M+H+): 525.2.
E. Ν- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -Ν-(carboxylmethyl)-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylamide
To a solution of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-N- (methoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylamide (100mg, 0.19mmol) in 5ml methanol was added a 0.5N lithium hydroxide solution (1ml, 0.5mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours then concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Nydac C,g HPLC column to give the title compound (70mg, 71%) as a fluffy white powder after lyophihzation. ES-MS (M+H+): 511.1. F. N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -N-(carboxylmethyl)-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- 2-fluoro-3 -methylpropionamide.
To a solution of N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -N-(carboxylmethyl)-
3-(3-amidinophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylacrylamide (9mg) in 4ml methanol was added 10% Pd on carbon (2mg). Mixture was treated with hydrogen at 40 psi overnight. Reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC to give the title compound (5mg, yield: 56%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 513.1.
Example 20. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-methylpropionamide. MS (M+H+): 455.1.
Example 21. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)- 3 -isopropylpropionamide.
A. Preparation of 3-isopropylbenzenecarbonitrile.
To a mixture prepared by adding copper cyanide (940mg, 10.5mmol) to a cooled solution of lithium bromide (1.82g 21mmol) in tetrahydrofurn at -25°C under argon atmosphere was added a solution of 0.5M 3-cyanophenyl zinc iodide (20ml, 1 Ommol) in tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 °C for 30 minutes then cooled down to -25 °C to which neat isobutyryl chloride (1.06ml, lO.lmmol) was added all at once. The reaction was kept at -25 °C for 30 minutes then quenched by adding 20ml of a saturated solution of ammonium chloride. The mixture was extracted with 2x25ml diethyl ether. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to an oil. The crude oil was flushed through a silica plug using 10% ethyl acetate in hexane to give 3- isopropylbenzenecarbonitrile (1.25g, 72%) as a clear oil. H'NMR (CDC13) : 2.2-2.25 (d, 6H); 4.499-4.568 (m, H); 8.614-8.655 (m, 2H); 8.831-8.857 (m, H); 9.172-9.238 (m, H). ES-MS (M+H+): 174.1.
B. Preparation of (2Z) methyl 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-isopropylacrylate
To a solution of bis(2,2,2-trifluoromethyl)(methoxy carbonylmethyl)phosphonate (0.38ml, 1.8mmol) in 2.5ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added a solution of 18-Crown-6 (1.9g, 7.5mmol) in 2.5ml anhydrous tetrahydofuran. The reaction mixturewas cooled to -78 °C under argon to which was added a solution of 0.5M bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in toluene (3.6ml, 1.8mmol). The reaction was strrred at -78 °C for 15 minutes to which was added a solution of 3- isopropylbenzenecarbonitrile in 2.5ml anhydrous tetrahydofuran. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 48 hours. The reaction was quenched by the addition of 20ml of a saturated ammonium chloride solution followed by extraction with 2x25ml diethyl ether. Combined organic layers were washed with 2x25ml water, 2x25ml saturated brine solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a 9: 1 mixture of Z and E isomers (420mg, 120%) as a clear oil which was sufficiently pure to use without further purification. ES-MS (M+H+): 230.1.
C. Preparation of (2Z)-N- {4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-3-isopropylacrylamide
To a solution of 2'-tert-butylaminosulfonyl-4-amino-[l, ]-biphenyl (139mg, 0.46mmol) in 4ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added a solution of 2M trimethylaluminum in hexane (0.69ml, 1.38mmol). Reaction was stfrred at room temperature for 20 minutes to which a solution of crude methyl (2Z)-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-4-methylpent-2-enoate (105mg, 0.46mmol) in 2ml anhydrous dichloromethane was added. Reaction was stirced at room temperature overnight. Reaction was quenched with 5ml IN HCI after which an additional 20ml dichloromethane was added. Organic was washed with 2x20ml water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (190mg, 82%) as an off-white foam which was sufficiently pure to be used without further purification. ES-MS (M+H+): 501.2.
D. Preparation of (2Z)-N- {4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl} -3-(3- amidinophenyl)-3-isopropylacrylamide
To a solution of crude (2Z)-N-{4-[(2-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}- 3-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-isopropylacrylamide (190mg, 0.379mmol) in 10ml 1 :1 ethyl acetate: anhydrous methanol cooled to -78°C was bubbled HCI gas until saturation was achieved. Reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and dried under hi vacuum. The dried methyl imidate residue was dissolved in 5ml anhydrous methanol to which ammonium acetate (115mg, 1.5mmol) was added and the reaction heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated and purified on a 2x25cm Nydac C18 HPLC column to the title compound (75mg, 43%) as a fluffy white powder after lyophihzation. ES-MS (M+H+): 463.2.
E . Ν- [4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)pheny 1] -3 -isopropyl-3 -(3 -amidinophenyl)- propionamide.
To a solution of (2Z)-Ν-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-3-isopropylacrylamide (7mg) in 4ml methanol was added 10% Pd on carbon (2mg). Mixture was treated with hydrogen at 1 atmosphere under balloon for lhr. Reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite, concentrated and lyophihzed to give the title compound (7mg, 100%) as a fluffy white powder. ES-MS (M+H+): 465.2.
Example 22. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3- methylidenyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide and N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydroxyl-3-methyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide.
A. tert-Butyl 3-methyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropanoate.
To a solution of 3-acetylbenzonitrile (1.45 g, 10 mmol) and tert-butyl chloroacetate
(1.43 mL, 10 mmol) in tert-butanol (60 mL) at room temperature, potassium t-butoxide (1.45 g, 12.9 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was sth-red at room temperature overnight. Aqueous ammonium chloride was added to quench the reaction. Ethyl acetate and water were added. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by a silica gel column, first eluted with hexane, followed by 5% and 10% ethyl acetate in hexane, to give the title compound as a mixture of stereoisomers (1.49 g, yield: 58%). 'H NMR (CDC13) 7.76 - 7.40 (m, 4H), 3.60 (s, 1H, major isomer, 60%), 3.33 (s, 1H, minor isomer, 40%), 1.80 (s, 3H, minor isomer), 1.75 (s, 3H, major isomer), 1.55 (s, 9H, minor isomer), 1.08 (s, 9H, major isomer).
B. 3-Methyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropionic acid.
To a solution of tert-Butyl 3-methyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropanoate (0.24 g, 0.93 mmol) in methanol (5 mL), 5 N NaOH (1.0 mL, 5.0 mmol) was added. The solution was sthred at room temperature for 3 hrs. It was neutralized with 6N HCI to pH = 1-2. Ethyl acetate and water were added. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give an oil (0.17 g, yield: 90%). MS (M+H) 204. C. N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2,3- epoxypropionamide.
To solution of 3-Methyl-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropionic acid (168 mg, 0.828 mmol) and 4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)aniline (252 mg, 0.828 mmol) and triethylamine (0.23 mL, 1.66 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (4 mL), BOP (735 mg, 1.66 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Ethyl acetate and water were added. The organic phase was separated, washed with sat. NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a solid (402 mg, yield: 99%). MS (M+Na) 512.1; (M+H-tBu) 434.0.
D. N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-2,3- epoxypropionamide.
To a solution of N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropionamide (223 mg, 0.456 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (64 mg, 0.92 mmol) was added, followed by addition of triethylamine (0.190 mL, 1.37 mmol). The mixture was heated at 60 C overnight. The solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetic acid (3 mL). To the solution, acetic anhydride (0.217 mL, 2.30 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min., then concentrated in vacuo and dried on high vaccuum. The residue was dissolved in methanol (5 mL). To the solution, Palladium on carbon (5%, 25 mg) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated under balloon H2 overnight. The solution was filtered through a plug of celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC to give the title compound (73 mg, yield: 32%). MS (M+H) 507.2.
E. N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methylidenyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide and N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2,3- dihydroxyl-3-methyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
The compound N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3- (3-amidinophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropionamide (20 mg, 0.040 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (1 mL). The solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC to give the product N-[4- (2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methylidenyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide (10 mg) and product N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2,3- dihydroxyl-3-methyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide (5 mg). For compound N- [4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methylidenyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide, MS (M+H) 451.1 ; Η NMR (CD3OD) 8.09 (d, IH),
7.91 (d, IH), 7.90 (s, IH), 7.68 (d, IH), 7.63 - 7.47 (m, 5H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, IH), 5.67 (d, 2H), 5.18 (s, IH). For compound N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydroxyl-3-methyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide, MS (M+H) 469.1; 'H NMR (CD3OD) 8.09 (d, IH), 7.93 (s, IH),
7.92 (d, IH), 7.70 - 7.40 (m, 6H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, IH), 4.26 (s, IH), 1.73 (s, 3H).
Example 23. Preparation of N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3- methyl-3-chloro-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide and N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-3-methoxyl-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
The compound N-[4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-3- (3-cyanophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropionamide (130 mg, 0.266 mmol), from Part C of Example 22, was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (4 mL). To the solution cooled in ice bath, HCI gas was bubbled through until saturation was reached. It was strrred at room temperature overnight, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolve in anhydrous methanol (3mL). To the solution, ammonium acetate (144 mg, 1.87 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC to give the product N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-3- chloro-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide (35 mg) and product N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylpheny l)phenyl] -2-hydroxyl-3 -methyl-3 -methoxy 1-3 -(3 - amidinophenyl)-propionamide (11 mg). For compound N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-3-chloro-3-(3-amidinophenyl)- propionamide, MS (M+H) 487.0 and 489.0 (chlorine pattern); Η NMR (CD3OD) 8.07(d, IH), 8.05 (d, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 7.75 - 7.28 (m, 9H), 4.68 (s, IH, major isomer, 65%), 4.60 (s, IH, minor isomer, 35%), 2.21 (s, 3H, minor isomer), 2.18 (s, 3H, major isomer). For compound N-[4-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-2- hydroxyl-3-methyl-3-methoxyl-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide, MS (M+H) 483.1; 'H NMR (CD3OD) 8.09(d, IH), 7.88 (d, IH), 7.80 (s, IH), 7.77 - 7.29 (m, 9H), 4.30 (s, IH, minor isomer, 40%), 4.27 (s, IH, major isomer, 60%), 3.25 (s, 3H, minor isomer), 3.23 (s, 3H, major isomer), 1.82 (s, 3H, minor isomer), 1.78 (s, 3H, major isomer).
Example 24. Preparation of N-[4-(l-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)phenyl]-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionamide.
The compound was prepared analogously to preparation of N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide in Example 1. MS (M+H) 365.1.
Example 25. Preparation of N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3- amidinophenyl)-2-methylpropionamide
Part A. Ethyl (Z)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-methyl-2-butenoate A solution of 1.00 g (3.0 mmol) of ethyl 2-[bis(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)phosphono]-propionate (Synth. Comm., 1991, 21, 2391) and 3.9 g (5 eq) of 18-crown-6 in 25 mL of anhydrous THF was cooled with a dry ice-acetone bath, and 7.0 mL of a 0.5 M solution of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in toluene were added. The solution was strrred in the cold for 20 min, then a solution of 400 mg (3.05 mmol) of 3-cyanobenzaldehyde in 10 of anhydrous THF was added dropwise over a few minutes. The reaction was strrred in the cold for 1 hr, then allowed to warm to room temperature over 3 hr, quenched by the addition of 10 mL of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, and extracted with 2 x 50 mL of ether. The organic layer was washed with 50 mL of water, followed by 50 mL of saturated NaCl, then dried over MgSO4. Filtration and concentration gave 1 g of a light yellow oil, which was washed through a plug of silica gel with 200 mL of CH2C12. Concentration then gave 586 mg (97%) of the desired product as a light yellow oil, which was >90% the desired (Z)-isomer by Η NMR: Η NMR (CDC13) δ 2.10 (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 6.68 (s, IH), 7.1-7.3 (m, IH), 7.35-7.55 (m, 3H).
Part B. (2Z)-N-[4-(2{[(N-l,l-dimethylethyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-2-methylacrylamide
To a solution of 103 mg (0.34 mmol) of 4'-amino-N-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-
[l,l'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2C12 was added 0.5 mL of a 2.0 M solution of trimethylaluminum in hexanes, and the solution was stirced at room temperature for 30 minutes. A solution of 103 mg of ethyl (Z)-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-2-methyl-2-butenoate in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2C12 was then added dropwise over a few minutes, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was then carefully quenched by the addition of 10 mL of IN HCI, and the reaction mixture was then partitioned between 100 mL of CH2C12 and 50 mL of H2O. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to give a solid residue, which was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel using 10% EtOAc in hexanes to give 104 mg (65%) of the desired product as a white solid: Η NMR (CDC13) δ 1.00 (s, 9H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, IH), 6.59 (s, IH), 7.15-7.6 (m, 12H), 8.14 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H).
Part C. (2Z)-N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-2- methylacrylamide A suspension of 50 mg of the above nitrile in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol was cooled with an ice-water bath, and HCI gas was bubbled into the solution at a moderate rate for 10 min. The reaction was then closed with a rubber septum and sthred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was concentrated to give a semisolid residue, which was taken up in 5 mL of anhydrous methanol, and 41 mg of vacuum dried ammonium acetate were added. The solution was heated at gentle reflux for 1.5 hr, then concentrated to give a white solid. Preparative HPLC (gradient elution with water: acetonitrile each containing 0.1% TFA on C18) then afforded 44 mg of the desired product as a white solid: 'H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.17 (s, 3H), 6.59 (s, IH), 7.25-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.5-7.65 (m, 6H), 7.71 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, IH), 8.01 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 8.95 (s, 2H), 9.31 (s, 2H). 10.25 (s, IH). MS 435.1.
Part D. N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-2- methylpropanamide
A solution of 14 mg of the alkene from Part C and 5 drops of triethyamine in 5 mL of methanol, together with 10 mg of 10% Pd/C was placed under a balloon of hydrogen and stirred overnight. The reaction was filtered and concentrated, and the residue was subjected to preparative HPLC (gradient elution with water:acetonitrile each containing 0.1% TFA on C18) to give 7 mg of the desired product as a white solid: 'H NMR (CD3OD) δ 1.24 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.82 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (m, IH), 7.2-7.65 (m, 11H), 8.02 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, IH). MS (M+H) 437.1.
Example 26. N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(l-aminoisoquinolin-7-yl)- propionamide
Part A. 7-Bromoisoquinoline
This compoxmd was prepared as a 60:40 mixture with 5-bromoisoquinoline as in J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1939, 61, 183. Part B. 7-Bromoisoquinoline N-oxide hydrochloride
This compound was prepared by a procedure analogous to that for 6- bromoisoquinoline N-oxide hydrochloride as in PCT WO 98/47876. A solution of 7.8 g (37.5 mmol) of a 60:40 mixture of 7-bromo and 5 -bromoisoquinoline in 125 mL of CH2C12 was treated portionwise with 9.1 g (-39.4 mmol) of 3- chloroperoxybenzoic acid (-70% purity). The solution, which was initially homogeneous, deposited a voluminous precipitate over 1 hr. Then 100 mL of methanol were added, and the reaction was concentrated to a volume of about 100 mL. Gaseous HCI was then bubbled through the solution for about 10 min, during which time the solution became warm and all of the precipitate dissolved. A few minutes later, another voluminous precipitate began to form. To this solution was added 100 mL of ether, and the mixture was stkred in an ice- water bath for 20 minutes. The resulting product was isolated by filtration, washed thoroughly with ether, and air-dried to give 8.07 g (83%) of the desired compound as a white solid, which was still a 60:40 mixture of the 7- and 5-bromo isomers.
Part C. 7-Bromo-l-chloroisoquinoline
This compound was prepared by a procedure analogous to that for 6-bromo- 1-chloroisoquinoline as in PCT WO 98/47876. A solution of 8.07 g (31 mmol) of the mixture from Part B was taken up in 50 mL of POCl3, and the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove most of the POCl3, and the residue was taken up in 100 mL of CH2C12. The solution was carefully basified to pH 10 by the slow addition of IN NaOH, and the organic layer was washed with 100 mL of H2O, 100 mL of sat. NaCl, and dried over MgSO4. Filtration and concentration gave a light yellow solid, which was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel first with 5% and then with 10% EtOAc in hexanes. A total of 3.62 g (48%) of the desired 7-bromo- 1-chloroisoquino line was isolated from this chromatography free of the 5-bromo isomer.
Part D. 7-Bromo-l-phenoxyisoquinoline
A solution of 3.60 g (14.8 mmol) of 7-bromo- 1-chloroisoquino line and 1.5 g of solid KOH in 11.2 g of phenol was heated at 140 °C for 2 hr. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, then partitioned between 100 mL of CH2C12 and 100 mL of 3N NaOH. The organic layer was washed with another 2 x 100 mL of 3N NaOH, then with 100 mL of H2O, and dried over MgSO4. Filtration and concentration gave a yellow oil, which was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel 30% CH2C12 in hexanes, giving 3.42 g (77%) of the desired product as a light yellow solid.
Part E. l-Amino-7-bromoisoquinoline
A mixture of 3.40 g (11.3 mmol) of l-amino-7-bromoisoquinoline and 7.65 g of ammonium acetate was heated at 150 °C for 15 hr. The reaction was cooled, and the residue was partitioned between 200 mL of EtOAc and 200 mL of 3N NaOH. The organic layer was extracted with 2 x 100 mL of 2N HCI, and the combined aqueous extracts were basified to pH 10 using 50% NaOH. This solution was extracted with 2 x 100 mL of EtOAc, and the organics were then washed with 100 mL of sat. NaCl and dried over MgSO4. Filtration and concentration gave 1.68 g (66%) of the desired amino compound as a yellow solid.
Part F. l-[Bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-7-bromoisoquinoline
A solution of 740 mg (3.32 mmol) of l-amino-7-bromoisoquinoline in 50 mL of acetonitrile was treated with 1.4 mL of N,N-diiospropylethylamine and 100 mg of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, followed by 3.0 g (4.1 eq) of di-t- butyldicarbonate, and the reaction was stirred at 40 °C for 1 hr. By HPLC analysis, there was still some starting amino compound that remained , so another 1.0 g of di- t-butyldicarbonate were added, and the reaction was stirred at 40 °C for another 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give a dark oil, which was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel with 20% EtOAc in hexanes to give 736 mg of the desired product as a light yellow solid. Also isolated were 156 mg of product as a somewhat less pure light yellow solid, making the total yield 64%.
Part G. 1 -[Bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]isoquinoline-7-carboxaldehyde
A solution of 400 mg (0.95 mmol) of l-[bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-7- bromoisoquinoline in 50 mL of anhydrous THF was cooled with a liquid nitrogen/methanol slush bath (-98 °C), and 0.55 mL of a 2.43 M solution of n-BuLi in hexanes (1.3 eq) was added dropwise over 1 min. The solution was stirred in the cold for 5 min, then a solution of 5 mL of anhydrous DMF in 10 mL of anhydrous THF was added rapidly. The solution was allowed to warm to about 0 °C, then poured into 50 mL of 0.5 N HCI, and 50 mL of EtOAc were added. The aqueous layer was brought to pH 6 with IN NaOH, 25 mL of sat. NaCl were added, and the layers were shaken and separated. The organic layer was dried over Mg SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give an oily residue. This residue was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel with 20% EtOAc in hexanes to give 190 mg (54%) of the desired aldehyde as a yellow semisolid.
Part H. (2Z)-3-{[l-bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]isoquinolin-7-yl}acrylic acid, 2- (trimethylsilyl)ethyl ester
A solution of 117 mg (0.29 mmol) of [bis(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)phosphinyl]acetic acid, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl ester (J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 4204) and 400 mg of 18-crown-6 in 25 mL of anhydrous THF was cooled with a dry ice-acetone bath under Ar, and 0.75 mL of a 0.5 M solution of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in toluene were added dropwise over 2 min. The reaction was stined in the cold for 15 min, then a solution of 100 mg (0.27 mmol) of l-[bis(t- butoxycarbonyl)amino]isoquinoline-7-carboxaldehyde in 25 mL of anhydrous THF was added dropwise over 10 min. The reaction was then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight, then partitioned between 100 mL of CH2C12 and 50 mL of H2O. The organics were washed with aqueous NaCl, and dried over MgSO4. Filtration and concentration gave an oily residue, which was subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel with 25% EtOAc in hexanes to give 33 mg of the desired product as a clear, colorless oil.
Part i. (2Z)-N-[4-(2{[(N-l,l-dimethylethyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-{[l- bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)amino]isoquinolin-7-yl}acrylamide
A solution of 63 mg (0.12 mmol) of (2Z)-3-{[l-bis(t- butoxycarbonyl)amino]isoquinolin-7-yl}acrylic acid, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl ester in 1 mL of DMF was treated at room temperature with 150 μL of 1.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF overnight. The reaction mixture was directly subjected to preparative HPLC (gradient elution with wateπacetonitrile each containing 0.1% TFA on C18) to give, after lyophihzation, 21 mg of the desired acid as a white solid. A solution of this acid and 18 mg of 4'-amino-N-(l,l- dimethylethyl)-[U'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide in 2 mL of anhydrous DMF, together with 40 μL of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, was treated at room temperature with 25 mg (1.3 eq) of HATU, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was dissolved in 100 mL of CH2C12, washed with 2 x 25 mL of sat. NaHCO3, and dried over MgSO4. Filtration and concentration gave 53 mg of the desired product as a yellow oily residue, which was used in the next reaction without further purification.
Part J. (2Z)-N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(l-aminoisoquinolin-7-yl)- acrylamide
A solution of the yellow oil from Part I in 2 mL of TFA was stπred first in an ice-water bath, and then at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and directly subjected to preparative HPLC (gradient elution with water:acetonitrile each containing 0.1% TFA on C18) to give 10 mg of the desired product as an off-white solid.
Part K. N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(l-aminoisoquinolin-7-yl)- propionamide
A solution of 11 mg of (2Z)-N-{4-[(2-aminosulfonyl)phenyl]phenyl}-3-(l- aminoisoquinolin-7-yl)-acrylamide in 10 mL of methanol, together with a few mg of 10%) Pd/C was placed under a balloon of hydrogen gas for 1 hr. At this time, the reaction was complete by HPLC (the retention time was the same as the starting material, but the UN spectrum had changed significantly). The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to give the crude product as an oil. A small amount of water was added, and the mixture was lyophihzed to give the desired compound as a white solid: Η ΝMR (CD3OD) δ 2.80 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, IH), 7.27 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, IH), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.5 (m, 4H), 7.56, (app t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.90 (app d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 8.05 (app d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH). 8.26 (s, IH). . MS (M+H) 447.1. Example 27. Preparation of 3-(l-amino(7-isoquinolyl))-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]butanamide
A. Preparation of 7-isoquinolyl (trifluoromethyl)sulfonate
To a solution of 7-hydroxyisoquiniline (5.50g, 37.9mmol) in 100ml CH2C12 was added triethylamine (8.00ml, 57.4mmol) dropwise. Then DMAP (0.275g, 2.24mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for 5min before being cooled to 0°C for 15min. Tf2O (9.5ml, 56.5mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. Water and DCM were added and separated. The aqueous layer was extracted two more times with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first eluded with 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes, then 25/85 EtOAc/hexanes and finally with 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (5.12g). MS 278 (M + H)
B. Preparation of isoquinoline-7-carbonitrile
To a solution of Pd2(dba)3 (0.958g, 0.926mmol) and dppf (1.80g, 3.25mmol) in DMF (18ml) was added 7-isoquinolyl (trifluoromethyl)sulfonate (5.12g, 18.5-mmol). Heat reaction mixture to 70°C and add Zn(CN)2 (1.30g, 1 l.lOmmol) in three portions (~0.43g each) every 15min. The reaction was allowed to stir for 3 hours before being quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc three times. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first eluded with 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes, 25/85 EtOAc/hexanes, 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes, and 35/75 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (1.75g). MS 155 (M + H) C. Preparation of 1 -(7-isoquinolyl)ethan- 1 -one
To a solution of isoquinoline-7-carbonitrile (0.496g, 3.22mmol) in 20ml Et2O at 0°C was added MeMgBr (13.8ml, 19.3mmol) dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for ~3hrs before being quenched with saturated NH4C1. The mixture was neutralized to pH=8 with 5M NaOH, then extracted twice with Et2O. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first eluded with 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes, 25/85 EtOAc/hexanes, 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes, and 35/75 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (0.389g). MS 172 (M + H)
D. Preparation of tert-butyl 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-3-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate
To a solution of l-(7-isoquinolyl)ethan-l-one (0.109g, 0.637mmol) in tBuOH (7ml) was added t-butyl chloroacetate (0.182mL, 1.27mmol) then K"BuO (0.147g, 1.31 mmol). The reaction was heated to 40°C for 2 hr. Reaction not complete therefore more t-butyl chloroacetate (0.091ul, 0.53mmol) was added. The reaction was heated for a few more hours before being quenched with AcOH (1ml). Water and EtOAc were added. Aqueous layer was extracted twice more with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to a residue (0.206g). MS 286 (M+H)
E. Preparation of 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-3-methyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid
To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-3-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate in MeOH (5ml) was added 5M NaOH (0.75ml, 3.75mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir for 2hrs before being concentrated and purified by Preparatory HPLC to yield the title compound (0.402g). MS 230 (M+H)
F. Preparation of N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl](3-(7- isoquinolyl)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)carboxamide
To a solution of N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl](3-(7- isoquinolyl)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)carboxamide (0.40g, 1.76mmol), {[2-(4- aminophenyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}(tert-butyl)amine (0.53g, 1.75mmol), and BOP in DMF(lOml) was added TEA (0.981ml, 7.04mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3hrs. Water and EtOAc were added. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel to yield the title compound (0.237g, 0.46mmol). MS 516 (M+H)
G. Preparation of [3-(l-amino(7-isoquinolyl))-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-N-[4-(2- {[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]carboxamide
To a solution of N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl](3-(7- isoquinolyl)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)carboxamide in acetone (8ml) was added MCPBA (0.09 lg, max 77%, 0.29mmol). Approximately lhr later more MCPBA (0.034g, 1.Oόmmol) was added. Approximately lhr later the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in sat. NaHCO3 and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was extracted once more with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in pyridine (7ml) and tosyl chloride (0.066g, 0.346mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir overnight before being concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ~5ml ethanolamine and allowed to stir for a few hours. Water was added to the reaction and the solid was collected MS 531 (M+H)
H. Preparation of 3-(l-amino(7-isoquinolyl))-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[4-
(2 sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]butanamide
To a solution of [3-(l-amino(7-isoquinolyl))-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-N-[4-(2- {[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]carboxamide (0.060g, 1.13mmol) in MeOH (5ml) was bubbled HCI gas to saturation. The reaction was capped with a septum and allowed to stir overnight. Preparatory HPLC purification using 10/90 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1%TFA) to 70/30 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1% TFA) over 60minutes gave the title compound. MS 511 (M+H) Example 28. Preparation of 3-(2-(2-pyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl] carbamoyl } ethyl)benzenecarboxamidine
A. Preparation of ethyl (2Z)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)prop-2-enoate
A solution of 3-cyanobenzaldehyde (0.797g, 6.07mmol), ethyl 2- pyridylacetate (0.670ml, 6.07mmol) and ammonium acetate (0.566g, 7.39mmol) in acetic acid (3ml) was refluxed overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and neutralized to pH=7 with 5M NaOH/H2O. EtOAc was added and the aqueous layer was washed twice with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first eluded with 10/90 EtOAc/hexanes, 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes, 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes, 35/65 EtOAc/hexanes, 40/60 EtOAc/hexanes, 45/55
EtOAc/hexanes and finally with 50/50 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (0.407g). MS 279 (M + H)
B . Preparation of (2Z)-N- [4-(2- { [(tert-buty l)amino] sulfonyl } phenyl)phenyl] -3 - (3-cyanophenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)prop-2-enamide
To a mixture of ethyl (2Z)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)prop-2-enoate (0.210g, 0.758mmol) and {[2-(4-aminophenyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}(tert-butyl)amine (0.235g, 0J73mmol) in CH2C12 (5ml) was added AlMe3 (2ml of 2M in hexane, 4mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir overnight before quenching with 6M HCI. The aqueous layer was extracted twice more with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first elude with 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes, 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes, 40/60 EtOAc/hexanes, 45/55 EtOAc/hexanes, 50/50 EtOAc/hexanes, 55/45 EtOAc/hexanes, 60/40 EtOAc/hexanes, 70/30 EtOAc/hexanes, then with 80/20 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (0.040g). MS 536 (M + H)
C. Preparation of 3-((lZ)-2-(2-pyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)pheny 1] carbamoyl } vinyl)benzenecarboxamidine
Through a mixture of (2Z)-N-[4-(2-{[(tert- butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)prop-2- enamide (0.226g, 0.421mmol) in MeOH (7ml) was bubbled HCI gas to saturation. The reaction was capped with a septum and allowed to run overnight. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (7ml) to which was added NH4OAc (0.194g, 2.56mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 4hrs before being concentrated. The residue was purified by preparatory HPLC 10/90 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1% TFA) to 90/10 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1% TFA) over 80minutes to yield the title compound (0.212g). MS 498 (M+H)
D. Preparation of 3-(2-(2-pyridyl)-2- {N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)benzenecarboxamidine
A mixture of 3-((lZ)-2-(2-pyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl] carbamoyl} vinyl) (0.043g, 0.087mmol) Pd C (5mg) in MeOH (4ml) with a H2 balloon was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction was filtered over celite and concentrated. Preparatory purification yielded the target compound. MS 500 (M+H)
Example 29..Preparation of 3-(2-(3-ρyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]carbamoyl} ethy l)b enzenecarboxamidine
A. Preparation of ethyl (2Z)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)prop-2-enoate
A solution of 3-cyanobenzaldehyde (0.795g, 6.05mmol), ethyl 3- pyridylacetate (0.666ml, 6.07mmol) and ammonium acetate (0.569g, 7.387mmol) in acetic acid (3ml) was refluxed overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and neutralized to pH=7 with 5M NaOH/H2O. EtOAc was added and the aqueous layer was washed twice with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first eluded with 10/90 EtOAc/hexanes, 20/80 EtOAc/hexanes, 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes, 35/65 EtOAc/hexanes, 40/60 EtOAc/hexanes, 45/55 EtOAc/hexanes and finally with 50/50 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (0.365g). MS 279 (M + H)
B. Preparation of (2Z)-N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3- cyanophenyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)prop-2-enamide
To a mixture of ethyl (2Z)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)prop-2-enoate (0.208g, 0J49mmol) and {[2-(4-aminophenyl)phenyl]sulfonyl}(tert-butyl)amine (0.228g, 0.750mmol) in CH2C12 (5ml) was added AlMe3 (1.2ml of 2M in hexane, 2.4mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir overnight before quenching with 6M HCI. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel, first elude with 30/70 EtOAc/hexanes, 40/60 EtOAc/hexanes, 50/50 EtOAc/hexanes, 60/40 EtOAc/hexanes to give the title compound (0.157g). MS 536 (M + H) C. Preparation of 3-((lZ)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}vinyl)benzenecarboxamidine
Through a mixture of (2Z)-N-[4-(2- { [(tert- butyl)ammo]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)prop-2- enamide (0.157g, 0.293mmol) in MeOH (7ml) was bubbled HCI gas to saturation. The reaction was capped with a septum and allowed to run overnight. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (7ml) to which was added NH4OAc (0.138g, 1.79mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 4hrs before being concentrated. The residue was purified by preparatory HPLC 5/95 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1% TFA) to 95/5 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1 %> TFA)water over 90minutes to yield the title compound (0.237g). MS 498 (M+H)
D. Preparation of 3-(2-(3-pyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)benzenecarboxamidine
A mixture of 3-((lZ)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2-{N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}vinyl)benzenecarboxamidine (0.053g,
0.087mmol) Pd/C (5mg) in MeOH (5ml) with a H2 balloon was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction was filtered over celite and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparatory HPLC 5/95 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1% TFA) water to 95/5 acetonitrile (containing 0.1% TFA) /HQ water (containing 0.1% TFA) water over 60minutes to yield the title compound (0.016g). MS 500 (M+H)
Example 30. Preparation of [5-(2-aminosulfonylphenyl)indolin-l-yl] 3-(3- amidinophenyl)-propionyl amide.
The compound was prepared analogously to preparation of N-[4-(2- aminosulfonylphenyl)phenyl]-3-(3-amidinophenyl)-propionamide in Example 1. MS (M+H) 449.1.
Example 31. Preparation of 3-(l-aminoisoquinol-7yl)-2-phenyl-N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]propionamide
A. Preparation of ethyl 2-phenylprop-2-enoate
A mixture of ethyl 2-phenylacetate (15.9 mL, 100 mmol), paraformaldehyde (4.5 g, 150 mmol), K2CO3 (22.11 g, 100 mmol) and Bu4NI (0.7388 g, 2 mmol) in toluene was heated to 80-90 C for 40 h. Standard workup (saturated NaCl solution washing) yielded 14.78 g (84%) of the titled compound. MS 177 (M+l).
B. Preparation of ethyl 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-2-phenylprop-2-enoate
trø«-s-Di(μ-acetato)bis[o-(di-o-tolylphosphino)benzyl]dipalladium(II)
(0.1654 g, 0.18 mmol) was added to a solution of 7-isoquinolyl (trifluoromethyl)sulfonate (1.70 g, 7 mmol), ethyl 2-phenylprop-2-enoate (2.26 g, 7mmol), and triethyl amine (1.95 mL, 14 mmol) in DMF (50 mL). After stirring for 16 h at 120 C, Pd catalyst (0.1654 g, 0.18 mmol) was added again, and the suspension was stined for 16 h at 120 C. After standard workup (filtration and washing with saturated NaCl solution), the crude brown oil was purified by Prep HPLC to yield the titled compound 1.06 g (50%). MS 304 (M + 1).
C. Preparation of N-[4-(2- {[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(7- isoquinolyl)-2-phenylpropanamide To a solution of compound ethyl 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-2-phenylprop-2-enoate (172.5 mg, 0.57 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (10 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (600 mg). The solution was then stined under hydrogen ballon (1 atm) for 6 h. The hydrogenated product of ethyl 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-2-phenylpropanoate was collected by the removal of the solvent in vacuo, and carried over to the next step directly.
To a solution of 4-(2-tert-butylaminosulfonylphenyl)aniline (171.9 mg, 0.57 mmol) in CH2C12 (10 mL) at room temperature, trimethylaluminum (0.848 mL, 2.0 M in hexane, 1.7 mmol) was added dropwise. After the solution was stined for 30 min at room temperature, compound ethyl 3-(7-isoquinolyl)-2-phenylpropanoate from the last reaction was added. The mixture was stined at room temperature for 1 days. The solution was neutralized with IN HCI (10 mL) to pH = 1-2. Water and CH2C12 were added, and organic phase was separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a yellowish soild, which was further purified by Prep HPLC to yield the titled compound 198.9 mg (yield: 62%). MS 564 (M+l).
D. Preparation of 3-(l-amino(7-isoquinolyl))-2-phenyl-N-[4-(2- sulfamoylphenyl)phenyl]propanamide
To a solution of N-[4-(2-{[(tert-butyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)phenyl]-3-(7- isoquinolyl)-2-phenylpropanamide (31 mg, 0.06 mmol) in acetone (5 mL) at 23 C was added mCPBA (20 mg, 0.08 mmol). The mixture was stined at this temperature for 18 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layers were collected, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo.
The crude product was dissolved in dry pyridine (5 mL) and TsCl (15.7 mg, 0.08 mmol) was added. The mixture was stined at 23 C for 5 minutes. The solvent of pyridine was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethanolamine (5 mL). The mixture was stined at 23 C for 3 h before pouring into saturated NaCl solution for partition. The organic layers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford a yellow residue.
The residue was dissolved in TFA (5 mL). The mixture was stined at 23 C for 18 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was further purified by Prep HPLC to yield the titled compound 10 mg (32%). MS 523 (M+l). BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EXAMPLES
Evaluation of the compounds of this invention is guided by in vitro protease activity assays (see below) and in vivo studies to evaluate antithrombotic efficacy, and effects on hemostasis and hematological parameters.
The compounds of the present invention are dissolved in buffer to give solutions containing concentrations such that assay concentrations range from 0 to
100 μM. In the assays for thrombin, prothrombinase and factor Xa, a synthetic chromogenic substrate is added to a solution containing test compound and the enzyme of interest and the residual catalytic activity of that enzyme is determined spectrophotometrically. The IC50 of a compound is determined from the substrate turnover. The IC50 is the concentration of test compound giving 50% inhibition of the substrate turnover. The compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of less than 500 nM in the factor Xa assay, preferably less than 200 nM, and more prefened compounds have an IC50 of about 100 nM or less in the factor Xa assay. The compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of less than
4.0 μM in the prothrombinase assay, preferably less than 200 nM, and more prefened compounds have an IC50 of about 10 nM or less in the prothrombinase assay. The compounds of the present invention desirably have an IC50 of greater than 1.0 μM in the thrombin assay, preferably greater than 10.0 μM, and more prefened compounds have an IC50 of greater than 100.0 μM in the thrombin assay.
Amidolytic Assays for determining protease inhibition activity
The factor Xa and thrombin assays are performed at room temperature, in 0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.15 M NaCl. The rates of hydrolysis of the para-nitroanilide substrate S-2765 (Chromogemx) for factor Xa, and the substrate Chromozym TH (Boehringer Mannheim) for thrombin following - I l l - preincubation of the enzyme with inhibitor for 5 minutes at room temperature, and were determined using the Softmax 96-well plate reader (Molecular Devices), monitored at 405 nm to measure the time dependent appearance of p-nitroaniline.
The prothrombinase inhibition assay is performed in a plasma free system with modifications to the method described by Sinha, U. et al., Thromb. Res., 75, 427-436 (1994). Specifically, the activity of the prothrombinase complex is determined by measuring the time course of thrombin generation using the p- nitroanilide substrate Chromozym TH. The assay consists of preincubation ( 5 minutes) of selected compounds to be tested as inhibitors with the complex formed from factor Xa (0.5 nM), factor Va (2 nM), phosphatidyl serine:phosphatidyl choline (25:75, 20 μM) in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.15 M NaCl, 5 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. Aliquots from the complex-inhibitor mixture are added to prothrombin (1 nM) and Chromozym TH (0.1 mM). The rate of substrate cleavage is monitored at 405 nm for two minutes. Eight different concentrations of inhibitor are assayed in duplicate. A standard curve of thrombin generation by an equivalent amount of untreated complex are used for determination of percent inhibition.
Antithrombotic Efficacy in a Rabbit Model of Venous Thrombosis
A rabbit deep vein thrombosis model as described by Hollenbach, S. et al., Thromb. Haemost. 71, 357-362 (1994), is used to determine the in-vivo antithrombotic activity of the test compounds. Rabbits are anesthetized with I.M. injections of Ketamine, Xylazine, and Acepromazine cocktail. A standardized protocol consists of insertion of a thrombogenic cotton thread and copper wire apparatus into the abdominal vena cava of the anesthetized rabbit. A non-occlusive thrombus is allowed to develop in the central venous circulation and inhibition of thrombus growth is used as a measure of the antithrombotic activity of the studied compounds. Test agents or control saline are administered through a marginal ear vein catheter. A femoral vein catheter is used for blood sampling prior to and during steady state infusion of test compound. Initiation of thrombus formation begins immediately after advancement of the cotton thread apparatus into the central venous circulation. Test compounds are administered from time = 30 min to time = 150 min at which the experiment is terminated. The rabbits are euthanized and the thrombus excised by surgical dissection and characterized by weight and histology. Blood samples are analyzed for changes in hematological and coagulation parameters.
Effects of Compounds in Rabbit Venous Thrombosis model
Administration of compounds in the rabbit venous thrombosis model demonstrates antithrombotic efficacy at the higher doses evaluated. There are no significant effects of the compound on the aPTT and PT prolongation with the highest dose (100 μg kg + 2.57 μg/kg/min). Compounds have no significant effects on hematological parameters as compared to saline controls. All measurements are an average of all samples after steady state administration of vehicle or (D)-Arg-Gly-Arg-thiazole. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Without further description, it is believed that one of ordinary skill in the art can, using the preceding description and the following illustrative examples, make and utilize the compounds of the present invention and practice the claimed methods.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A compound according to the formula:
A-Y-D-E-G-J-Z-L wherein:
A is selected from:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(b) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(c) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 R1 substituents;
(d) C,-C6-alkyl; C3-C8-cycloalkyl; and
(e) -NR2R3, -C(=NR2)NR2R3, -NR2C(=NR2)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)R4, and NR2C(=NR2)-R3
R1 is selected from:
Halo, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl,-CN, -NO2, -(CH2)mNR2R3, -C(=O)NR2R\ -C(=NR2)NR2R3, -NR2C(=NR2)NR2R3, -C(=NR2)R4 and NR2C(=NR2)-R3, -SO2NR2R\ -SO2R2, -CF3, -OR2, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,-C4-alkyl, -CN C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl and -NO2;
R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, -OR14, -NR14R15, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0. 4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, COOCMalkyl, COO-C0.4alkylphenyl ^alkylphenyl and Co^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2_ 6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
m is an integer of 0-2;
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-, -N(R4)-, -C(=O)-N(R4)-, -N(R4)-C(=O)-, -SO2-, -O-, -SO2-N(R4)-, -N(R4)-SO2-, -C(=NR4), -C(=S)-, -CH2-, -CH2N(R4)-;
R4 is selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2_6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0-4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl,
C0^alkylphenyl and C0^,alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;.
D is a direct link or is a member selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents;
(b) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents; and
(c) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to
10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 Rla substituents;
Rla is selected from:
Halo, C,_4alkyl, C2_6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, (CH2)mNR2aR3a, SO2NR2aR3a, SO2R2a, CF3, OR2a, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2_6alkenyl, C2. 6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0_4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2.
m is an integer of 0-2;
R2a and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylphenyl and C0.4alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and
-NO2;.
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(R5)-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-N(R5)-, -N(R5)-C(=O)-N(R6)-, -SO2-N(R5)-, -N(R5)-SO2-N(R6)- and -N(R5)-SO2-N(R6)-C(=O)-;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylphenyl, C0^,alkylnaphthyl, C0^,alkylheteroaryl, C^alkylCOOH and CMalkylCOOCι^alkyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl,
C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;
G is selected from:
-CR7R8- and -CR7aR8a-CbR8b
Wherein R7, R8, R7a, R8a, R70 and R8b are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, halo, -C,.6alkyl, haloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2. 6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -C0^,alkyl-C3.8-cycloalkyl, -C^alkyl-CN, -C0. 4alkyl-NO2, -C^alkyl-O-R9, - ^alkyl-S-R9, -C0^alkyl-S(=O)2-R9, -C0^alkyl-S(O)-R9, -C0.4alkyl-C(=O)-OR9, -C0^alkyl-C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b), -C0.4alkyl-C(=O)-R9, -C0.4alkyl-N(R9\ R9b), -C0.
4alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-R9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-R9b, -C0. 4alkyl-N(-R9a)-C(=O)-N(-R9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9a)-S(=O)2-R9b, -C0. 4alkyl-S(=O)2-N(R9a, R9b), -C0^alkyl-S(=O)2-R9, -C0.
4alkyl-P(=O)(-OR9a)(-OR9b), -C0^alkyl-N(-R9)-P(=O)(-OR9a)(-OR9b), -C0. 4alkyl-phenyl, -C0^,alkyl-naphthyl, -C0.4alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5-6 membered monocyclic ring or a 8-12 membered bicyclic ring, and wherein 0-4 hydrogen atoms of the phenyl ring, the naphthyl ring carbon and the heterocyclic ring system are replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of -CMalkyl, haloalkyl, halo, -CN, -NO2, -OR9c, -SR9c, -S(O)R9c, -C(=O)-OR9c, -C(=O)-N(-R9c, R9d), -C(=O)-R9c, -N(R9c, R9d),
-N(-R9c)-C(=O)-R9d, -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-OR9d, -N(-R9c)-C(=O)-N(-H, R9d), -N(-R9c)-SO2-R9d, -SO2-N(-R9c, -R9d), -SO2-R9c; or one of R7, R8, R7a, R8a, R7b and R8b can combine with a nitrogen on the E group to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring containing a 0-3 additional heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S; or R7a and R on adjacent carbons combine to form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring;
R and R8b combine to form alkylidene groups, such as H2C=, C,. 4alkylCH= (C^alkyl)2C=, PhCH=;
R9, R9a, R9b, R9c and R9d are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of:
H, halo -C,.6alkyl, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2.6alkynyl, -C3.8cycloalkyl, -C0^,alkyl-C3. 8cycloalkyl, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2-O-CH3, -C^alkylphenyl, -C0. 4alkylheterocycle wherein the heterocycle may be a 5-6 membered ring, and wherein from 0-4 hydrogen atoms from the ring atoms of the phenyl and heterocycle groups may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, -CMalkyl, -C2.6alkenyl, -C2.6alkynyl, -C3.scycloalkyl, -C0^alkyl-C3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-O- C^alkyl, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-N(-H, -Cl-4alkyl), and -C(=O)-N(-C,^alkyl, -CMalkyl); alternatively, R9a taken with R9b or R9c taken with R9d when either pair of groups is attached to the same nitrogen atom may combine with that nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 membered saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S, wherein any S ring atom may be present as a -S-,
-S(=O)- or -S(=O)2- group;
J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -CH(RU)- and -CH(Rπ)-CH2-;
R" is a member selected from the group consisting of:
hydrogen, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkyl-C3.
8cycloalkyl, C^alkylphenyl, C0^,alkylnaphthyl, C0^,alkylheterocyclic ring having from 1 to 4 hetero ring atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, CH2COOCMalkyl, CH2COOCMalkylphenyl and CH2COOC^alkylnaphthyl;
Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:
(a) phenyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 RIb substituents;
(b) naphthyl, which is independently substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents; and
(c) a monocyclic or fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system having from 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein 1-4 ring atoms of the ring system are selected from N, O and S, and wherein the ring system may be substituted with 0-2 Rlb substituents;
Rlb is selected from:
Halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3. 8cycloalkyl, -CN, -NO2, NR2bR3b, SO2NR2bR3b, SO2R2b, CF3, OR2b, O-CH2-
CH2-OR2b, O-CH2-COOR2\ N(R2b)-CH2-CH2-OR2b, N(-CH2-CH2-OR2b)2, N(R2b)-C(=O)R3b, N(R2b)-SO2-R3b, and a 5-6 membered aromatic heterocyclic system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the aromatic heterocyclic system may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3. gcycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;
R2b and R3b are independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl,
C0.4alkylphenyl and ^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^,alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN and -NO2;
L is selected from:
H, -CN, C(=O)NR12R13, (CH2)nNR12R13, C(=NR12)NRI2R13, NR12R13, OR12, -NR,2C(=NR12)NR12R13, and NR12C(=NR12)-R13;
n is an integer of 0-2;
R12 and R13 are independently selected from:
hydrogen, -OR14, -NR14R15, CMalkyl, C0.4alkylphenyl, C0.4alkylnaphthyl, COOC^alkyl, COO-C0.4alkylphenyl and COO-C0^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl,
Chalky lC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
R14 and R15 are independently selected from:
H, CMalkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0^alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylphenyl and C0^alkylnaphthyl, wherein from 1-4 hydrogen atoms on the ring atoms of the phenyl and naphthyl moieties may be independently replaced with a member selected from the group consisting of halo, C,.4alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2.6alkynyl, C3.8cycloalkyl, C0.4alkylC3.8cycloalkyl, -CN, and -NO2;
and all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein:
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
NH NH NH NH NH
HO^ MeO ^ H2N X^ H3CHN,N^ P**^
H H H H H
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-; D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
or A-Y-D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Wherein Rla is selected from:
hydrogen, CI, F, Br, Me, OMe, NO2, CO2H, CN, C(=O)NH2, and C(=O)OMe;
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(-H)-C(=O)-and -C(=O)-N(-H)-;
G is -CR/aRSa-CbR8b ;
wherein R7a, R8a, R and R8b are independently a member selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, F, CI, Br, -OH, -NO2, -CN, -CMalkyl, haloalkyl, -OR9, -CH2OR9, -S(=O)2-R9, -CH2S(=O)2-R9, -C(=O)-OR9, -CH2C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b), -CH2C(=O)-N(R9a, R9b), -N(R9a, R9b), -CH2N(R9a, R9b), -N(R9a)-C(=O)-R9b), phenyl, benzyl, -C0.2alkyl-heterocyclic ring system containing from 1-4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein the heterocyclic ring system is a 5- 6 membered monocyclic ring; wherein the phenyl ring and heterocyclic ring are substituted by a member selected from the group consisting of CH3, halo, -CN, -NO2, -OMe, -CO2H, -CO2Me;
or Rn and R8b combine to form CH2=, (CH3)2C=, PhCH=;
R9, R9 and R9b are independently selected from:
hydrogen, -C alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl; or R9 and R9b may combine with that nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 5-6 membered ring which contains from 0-1 additional heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of -N, -O, S;
J is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -CH2-;
Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
and all pharmaceutically acceptable isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrug derivatives thereof.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein:
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-; D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(-H)-C(=O)-and -C(=O)-N(-H)-;
G is a member selected from the group consisting of:
J is a direct link;
Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH-, and -SO2-;
D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
E is a member selected from the group consisting of:
-N(-H)-C(=O)-and -C(=O)-N(-H)-;
G is a member selected from the group consisting of:
J is a direct link;
Z-L is a member selected from the group consisting of:
A compound according to claim 1, of the formula:
Wherein
A is a member selected from the group consisting of:
Y is a member selected from the group consisting of:
a direct link, -C(=O)-; -N(-CH3)-; -N(CH3)-CH2-; -C(=NH)-, -CH2-, -C(=S)-, -NH- and -SO2-;
D is a member selected from the group consisting of:
6. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of claim 1.
7. A method for preventing or treating a condition in a mammal characterized by undesired thrombosis comprising the step of administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the condition is selected from the group consisting of: acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, refractory angina, occlusive coronary thrombus occurring post- thrombolytic therapy or post-coronary angioplasty, a thrombotically mediated cerebrovascular syndrome, embolic stroke, thrombotic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, venous thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, coagulopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, thromboangiitis obliterans, thrombotic disease associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombotic complications associated with extracorporeal circulation, thrombotic complications associated with instrumentation such as cardiac or other intravascular catheterization, intra-aortic balloon pump, coronary stent or cardiac valve, and conditions requiring the fitting of prosthetic devices.
9. A method for inhibiting the coagulation of biological samples, comprising the administration of a compound of claim 1.
EP00936235A 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa Withdrawn EP1189879A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13581999P 1999-05-24 1999-05-24
US135819P 1999-05-24
PCT/US2000/014207 WO2000071512A1 (en) 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1189879A1 true EP1189879A1 (en) 2002-03-27

Family

ID=22469841

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00936235A Withdrawn EP1189879A1 (en) 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa
EP00937699A Withdrawn EP1183234A1 (en) 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00937699A Withdrawn EP1183234A1 (en) 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1189879A1 (en)
JP (2) JP2003500384A (en)
AU (2) AU5158100A (en)
CA (2) CA2374820A1 (en)
WO (2) WO2000071509A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU753675B2 (en) 1998-03-19 2002-10-24 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Aminoisoquinoline derivatives
DE10008329A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2001-08-30 Merck Patent Gmbh New aminosulfonyl-biphenyl derivatives are Factor Xa and Factor VIIa inhibitors useful e.g. for treating thrombosis, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, inflammation or angina pectoris
DE10014645A1 (en) * 2000-03-24 2001-09-27 Merck Patent Gmbh New amidino-aryl substituted biphenyl derivatives and analogs as Factor Xa inhibitors, are useful for treating thrombosis, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, apoplexy or angina pectoris
DE10037146A1 (en) * 2000-07-29 2002-02-07 Merck Patent Gmbh acetamide derivatives
DE10046272A1 (en) * 2000-09-19 2002-03-28 Merck Patent Gmbh New biphenyl-substituted amino-(iso)quinoline derivatives, are factor Xa and factor VIIa inhibitors useful e.g. for treating thrombosis, myocardial infarction, inflammation, angina pectoris or restenosis
DE10117823A1 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-10-17 Merck Patent Gmbh New N-phenyl-oxalamide derivatives, are factor Xa and factor VIIa inhibitors useful e.g. for treating thrombosis, myocardial infarction, inflammation, angina pectoris or tumor diseases
DE10124867A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma New substituted (hetero)aryl-alkenes or -alkynes, used as thrombin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, antithrombotic agents and intermediates
US7005437B2 (en) 2001-05-22 2006-02-28 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Kg Substituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives, the preparation thereof and the use therof as pharmaceutical compositions
DE10139060A1 (en) 2001-08-08 2003-02-20 Merck Patent Gmbh New bicyclic benzene derivatives useful as factor Xa and VIIa inhibitors, e.g. for treating thrombosis, myocardial infarct, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, stroke, angina, restenosis and tumors
AR037097A1 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-10-20 Novartis Ag ACILSULFONAMID COMPOUNDS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND THE USE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MEDICINAL PRODUCT
GB0124939D0 (en) 2001-10-17 2001-12-05 Glaxo Group Ltd Chemical compounds
GB0124941D0 (en) 2001-10-17 2001-12-05 Glaxo Group Ltd Chemical compounds
GB0124934D0 (en) 2001-10-17 2001-12-05 Glaxo Group Ltd Chemical compounds
GB0124933D0 (en) 2001-10-17 2001-12-05 Glaxo Group Ltd Chemical compounds
WO2003042190A1 (en) 2001-11-12 2003-05-22 Pfizer Products Inc. N-alkyl-adamantyl derivatives as p2x7-receptor antagonists
PA8557501A1 (en) 2001-11-12 2003-06-30 Pfizer Prod Inc BENZAMIDA, HETEROARILAMIDA AND INVESTED AMIDAS
KR101058292B1 (en) 2002-02-12 2011-08-22 글락소스미스클라인 엘엘씨 Nicotinamide Derivatives Useful as P38 Inhibitors
DE10214832A1 (en) * 2002-04-04 2003-10-16 Merck Patent Gmbh Phenyl derivatives 4
ES2543588T3 (en) 2002-12-03 2015-08-20 Pharmacyclics Llc 2- (2-Hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl) -1H-benzoimidazol-5-carboxamidine derivatives as inhibitors of factor VIIa
PE20040804A1 (en) 2002-12-19 2004-12-31 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma CARBOXAMID DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF THE Xa FACTOR
PA8591801A1 (en) 2002-12-31 2004-07-26 Pfizer Prod Inc BENZAMID INHIBITORS OF THE P2X7 RECEIVER.
US7071223B1 (en) 2002-12-31 2006-07-04 Pfizer, Inc. Benzamide inhibitors of the P2X7 receptor
GB0308186D0 (en) 2003-04-09 2003-05-14 Smithkline Beecham Corp Novel compounds
GB0308201D0 (en) 2003-04-09 2003-05-14 Smithkline Beecham Corp Novel compounds
ES2281801T3 (en) 2003-05-12 2007-10-01 Pfizer Products Inc. BENZAMIDE INHIBITORS OF THE P2X7 RECEIVER.
GB0318814D0 (en) 2003-08-11 2003-09-10 Smithkline Beecham Corp Novel compounds
US7371743B2 (en) 2004-02-28 2008-05-13 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Carboxylic acid amides, the preparation thereof and their use as medicaments
US7550487B2 (en) * 2004-03-26 2009-06-23 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide derivatives
US7429604B2 (en) 2004-06-15 2008-09-30 Bristol Myers Squibb Company Six-membered heterocycles useful as serine protease inhibitors
CN1980902A (en) 2004-06-29 2007-06-13 辉瑞产品有限公司 Method for preparing 5-'4-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-3,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-3h'1,2,4!triazin-2-yl!-benzamide derivatives by deprotecting the hydroxyl-protected precursers
WO2006101937A1 (en) 2005-03-18 2006-09-28 Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. Acylhydrazones as kinase modulators
EP2091944B1 (en) 2006-11-17 2011-05-18 Pfizer Inc. Substituted bicyclocarboxyamide compounds
WO2012004743A1 (en) 2010-07-09 2012-01-12 Pfizer Limited Benzenesulfonamides useful as sodium channel inhibitors
CN104693099A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide and naphthyl structure containing compound and use thereof
CN104693093A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide FXa inhibitor and preparation method and use thereof
CN104710341A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-17 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Compound containing bishydrazide and naphthyl structure, as well as preparation method and application of compound
CN104693101A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide derivative as well as preparation method and use thereof
CN104693102A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide compound as well as preparation method and use thereof
CN104693097A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide and alkoxy-naphthyl structure containing compound as well as preparation method and use thereof
CN104693095A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide FXa inhibitor and use thereof
CN104693096A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 佛山市赛维斯医药科技有限公司 Bishydrazide and naphthyl structure containing compound as well as preparation method and use thereof
CN108976150B (en) * 2017-06-05 2022-11-18 重庆博腾制药科技股份有限公司 Preparation method of 3-ethyl-4-fluorobenzonitrile

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ333696A (en) * 1996-07-08 2000-06-23 Du Pont Pharm Co Amidinoindoles, amidinoazoles, and analogs thereof as inhibitors of trypsin like protease enzymes like thrombin and Xa factor
US5886191A (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-03-23 Dupont Pharmaceuticals Company Amidinoindoles, amidinoazoles, and analogs thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0071512A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1183234A1 (en) 2002-03-06
CA2382751A1 (en) 2000-11-30
AU5158100A (en) 2000-12-12
JP2003500387A (en) 2003-01-07
WO2000071509A1 (en) 2000-11-30
AU5283700A (en) 2000-12-12
CA2374820A1 (en) 2000-11-30
JP2003500384A (en) 2003-01-07
WO2000071512A1 (en) 2000-11-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1189879A1 (en) INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa
US6399627B1 (en) Inhibitors of factor Xa
US6632815B2 (en) Inhibitors of factor Xa
US20030114448A1 (en) Inhibitors of factor Xa
US6545055B1 (en) Inhibitors of factor Xa
US6534535B1 (en) Inhibitors of factor Xa
WO2000071508A2 (en) INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa
KR20020047175A (en) Inhibitors of Factor Xa
US6686368B1 (en) Inhibitors of factor Xa
EP1185511A2 (en) Inhibitors of factor xa
US20040082786A1 (en) Piperazine based inhibitors of factor xa
WO2001038309A1 (en) β-AMINO ACID-, ASPARTIC ACID- AND DIAMINOPROPIONIC-BASED INHIBITORS OF FACTOR Xa
US20040072860A1 (en) Piperazin-2-one amides as inhibitors of factor xa
EP1322637A2 (en) Quaternary amidino based inhibitors of factor xa

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20011126

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20030124

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20030604