CN115467094A - Preparation method of elastic composite material and elastic composite material thereof - Google Patents

Preparation method of elastic composite material and elastic composite material thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115467094A
CN115467094A CN202211032848.3A CN202211032848A CN115467094A CN 115467094 A CN115467094 A CN 115467094A CN 202211032848 A CN202211032848 A CN 202211032848A CN 115467094 A CN115467094 A CN 115467094A
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melt
base material
spandex
spun
bonding
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杨虬根
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Rouyimei Xiamen Sanitary Materials Co ltd
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Rouyimei Xiamen Sanitary Materials Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B32B3/085—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts spaced apart pieces on the surface of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B32B5/265—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer
    • B32B5/266—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers
    • B32B5/267—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer next to one or more non-woven fabric layers characterised by at least one non-woven fabric layer that is a spunbonded fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/10—Interconnection of layers at least one layer having inter-reactive properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/06—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by welding-together thermoplastic fibres, filaments, or yarns
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
    • A61F2013/15821—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing characterized by the apparatus for manufacturing
    • A61F2013/15934—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing characterized by the apparatus for manufacturing for making non-woven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2555/00—Personal care

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of an elastic composite material and the elastic composite material, which comprises spandex filaments and a substrate layer connected with the spandex filaments, wherein the spandex filaments and the substrate layer are connected into a whole by adopting a fusion bonding compounding mode, and the fusion bonding compounding steps are as follows: step one, selecting melt-spun spandex filaments, and detecting the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filaments, wherein the melting point is marked as T1; step two, testing the melting point of the material of the base material layer, and marking as T2; step three, when the T2 is the same as or similar to the T1, the spandex filaments and the base material layer can be connected into a whole by selecting a fusion bonding composite mode; step four, selecting a plurality of temperatures based on T1 and T2 to pre-melt and bond the substrate layer and the melt-spun spandex filaments, and selecting an adaptive bonding melting point according to the performance of the prefabricated elastic composite material; step five, setting the melting temperature; and forming a pleat structure on the substrate layer through a forming roller, paving the melt-spun spandex yarn on the substrate layer, and fusing and bonding the melt-spun spandex yarn and the substrate layer into a whole at the melting temperature.

Description

Preparation method of elastic composite material and elastic composite material thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, in particular to a preparation method of an elastic composite material and the elastic composite material.
Background
Currently, as disposable absorbent articles have been developed toward comfort, breathability and fit, elastic composite materials such as elastic nonwoven fabrics, elastic sheets, elastic films, etc. have been widely used in disposable absorbent articles, which are used for the elastic waist of the disposable absorbent articles, and which can also be cut into pull-up style.
The existing elastic composite material adopts a three-layer composite structure, and most of the existing elastic composite material adopts spandex filaments as elastic materials, namely, the elastic composite material is formed by compounding a non-woven fabric upper layer, a non-woven fabric lower layer and spandex filaments positioned between the non-woven fabric upper layer and the non-woven fabric lower layer through hot melt adhesives, wherein the non-woven fabric upper layer and the non-woven fabric lower layer are provided with wrinkle structures extending along the longitudinal direction. As shown in fig. 1, the nonwoven fabric includes an upper layer elastic nonwoven fabric 1, a lower layer elastic nonwoven fabric 2, and an elastic element 3 (rubber band) sandwiched therebetween, the upper layer elastic nonwoven fabric 1 is a wavy linear structure having upper peak portions 11 and upper valley portions 12 which are arranged in a staggered manner along the thickness direction thereof, the lower layer elastic nonwoven fabric 2 is a wavy linear structure having lower peak portions 22 and lower valley portions 21 which are arranged in a staggered manner along the thickness direction thereof, and hot melt adhesive is arranged between the upper layer elastic nonwoven fabric and the rubber band, between the rubber band and the lower layer elastic nonwoven fabric, and then the two are bonded to form the novel elastic waist nonwoven fabric.
Therefore, most of the existing elastic composite materials use rubber bands as elastic materials, so that the elastic composite materials have the elasticity and resilience. Specifically, spandex filaments are selected as the rubber band in the field. However, as well known to those skilled in the art, spandex, which is a polyurethane elastic fiber composed of a urethane block copolymer, has excellent resilience and extremely high deformability, is widely used and rapidly developed, and is currently mainly prepared by the following four methods: (1) dry spinning (dry spinning); (2) wet spinning; (3) melt spinning (melt spinning); (4) and (4) chemical spinning. The polyurethane fiber spun by the dry spinning method contains urea bond groups in the main chain, and has strong hydrogen bond bonding force and high separation degree of soft and hard chain segments. The dry spinning of spandex is specifically that firstly, low molecular weight polyester diol or polyether diol and excessive diisocyanate are adopted for prepolymerization to generate a prepolymer with the molecular weight of about 3000 to 5000 and isocyanate at two ends; then dissolving the prepolymer by using a solvent, and carrying out chain extension by using diamine as a chain extender to generate polyurethane urea segmented copolymer spinning solution with the molecular weight of 40000-100000; and finally, spraying the raw liquid trickle through a spinneret plate, evaporating the solvent through a channel, and solidifying to form the spandex fiber. The spandex has good deformability and resilience.
Melt-spinning spandex is also one of the research hotspots in the material field in the world at present after dry spinning spandex filaments, and the product performance of the melt-spinning spandex filaments is equivalent to that of the dry spinning spandex filaments from the performance of the melt-spinning spandex filaments at present. Melt spinning is a process for fiber formation using a polyurethane melt stream. The melt spinning adopts a method of bulk prepolymerization and chain extension to prepare spinning chips, and then a melt spinning machine is adopted to spin, i.e. polyester or polyether diol, diisocyanate and a chain extender are polymerized and melted in an extruder according to a certain proportion, and spandex is directly spun. The method is different from dry spinning spandex yarns in that spandex spun by melt spinning cannot adopt diamine as a chain extender, usually adopts diol as the chain extender to form a urethane bond structure, and the structural difference between the two is as follows:
Figure BDA0003817776550000021
it can be seen that the main chain of the spandex polymer spun by melt spinning contains only urethane groups, because if diamines (e.g., ethylene diamine, propylene diamine) are used as the chain extender, urea-linked groups, which have a melting point higher than the thermal decomposition temperature, are formed in the main chain of the polyurethane urea molecule, which is the chain extension product.
To sum up, no matter dry spinning spandex or melt spinning spandex silk all can adopt base materials such as gluing agent (hot melt adhesive) and non-woven fabrics to compound, however, adopt gluing agent complex also to have following problem: firstly, the performance of the adhesive and the construction process thereof all affect the stretch recovery performance of the elastic composite material, and are mainly shown in the following steps: (1) If the cohesive strength of the adhesive is insufficient, the retraction creep of spandex yarns is easily caused; (2) whether the glue application amount is uniform or not; (3) The opening time of the hot glue agent is too short to realize compounding, and the opening time is too long, so that the adhesion phenomenon is generated in the winding process of the elastic composite material, and the use performance is directly influenced; (4) The weather resistance of the adhesive can cause the phenomenon of viscosity loss particularly in severe cold winter, and the like.
Aiming at the problems of the adhesive composite process in the field, the inventor of the application finds that: the melt-spun spandex filament can be subjected to melt bonding in a composite mode, and the upper-layer elastic non-woven fabric (a first base material layer), the rubber band (the melt-spun spandex filament) and the lower-layer elastic non-woven fabric (a second base material layer) are directly subjected to melt bonding to form the novel elastic composite material. In addition, the inventor of the present application also found in the course of experiments that: in the case that dry-spun spandex cannot be melt-bonded by a melt-bonding or ultrasonic welding composite method, an adhesive composite method must be adopted, which may be caused by different molecular groups of melt-spun spandex and dry-spun spandex.
Note that, although the prior art publication of publication No. CN113017991A also proposes a novel elastic waist nonwoven fabric of this prior art, the upper elastic nonwoven fabric, the elastic band and the lower elastic nonwoven fabric may be subjected to ultrasonic welding or thermocompression bonding. However, as described above, since melt bonding cannot be performed by a composite method of melt bonding or ultrasonic bonding with respect to dry-spun spandex yarns, the ultrasonic bonding or the heat press bonding claimed for the novel elastic waist nonwoven fabric of the related art is only one composite process, and a necessary technical means is not required, and thus the idea cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel composite mode aiming at the problems of the existing composite mode of adopting an adhesive for an elastic material (elastic non-woven fabric), namely, a melt bonding composite mode is adopted to connect spandex filaments and a base material layer into a whole.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: the preparation method of the elastic composite material comprises the following steps of connecting spandex filaments and a base material layer connected with the spandex filaments, and then connecting the spandex filaments and the base material layer into a whole in a melt bonding composite mode, wherein the melt bonding composite step comprises the following steps:
step one, spandex filament type selection and melting point parameter testing: selecting melt-spun spandex filaments, and detecting the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filaments, wherein the melting point is marked as T1.
Step two, testing the melting point parameter of the substrate layer: the substrate layer material was tested for melting point, denoted T2.
Step three, selecting the suitability of the melting point of the substrate layer and the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filament: when T2 is the same as or similar to T1, the spandex filament and the base material layer can be connected into a whole by selecting a melt bonding composite mode.
Step four, selecting the melting point of melt bonding: and on the basis of the third step, selecting a plurality of temperatures based on T1 and T2 to pre-melt and bond the substrate layer and the melt-spun spandex filaments, and selecting an adaptive bonding melting point according to the performance of the prefabricated elastic composite material.
Step five, melt bonding: setting a melting temperature based on the bond melting point; and forming a pleat structure on the substrate layer through a forming roller, paving the melt-spun spandex filament on the substrate layer, and fusing and bonding the melt-spun spandex filament and the substrate layer into a whole at the melting temperature, so that the elastic composite material has the stretch recovery property.
In some embodiments, the melt bonding is hot-press melt bonding, and the hot-press melt bonding is performed by using a forming roller and a hot-press device, wherein the forming roller consists of a convex roller and a concave roller, a forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the convex roller, a forming groove matched with the forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the concave roller, the hot-press device with the temperature reaching the melting temperature is respectively arranged at the top of the forming boss and the bottom of the forming groove to form the hot-press forming roller, and after the pleat structure is formed on the substrate layer through the forming roller, the melt-spun spandex filament and the substrate layer are subjected to hot-press melt bonding through the hot-press device to form a whole.
In other embodiments, the fusion bond is an ultrasonic fusion weld. The fusion bonding adopts forming roll, ultrasonic device to carry out ultrasonic wave fusion welding, wherein, the forming roll comprises protruding roller and concave roller, is equipped with the shaping boss along the outside circumference of protruding roller, and along the outside circumference of concave roller be equipped with the shaping recess of shaping boss looks adaptation, the substrate layer forms the pleat structure through the forming roll after, as an organic whole through ultrasonic device and melt spinning spandex silk ultrasonic wave fusion welding.
The fusion bonding method can be applied to the elastic composite material with the double-layer structure. The elastic composite material adopts a double-layer elastic composite material consisting of a substrate layer and a melt-spun spandex elastic layer, the substrate layer is provided with a plurality of melt-spun spandex yarns at intervals on the substrate layer along the width transverse direction of the substrate layer, the two ends of each melt-spun spandex yarn are spread in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the substrate layer to form the melt-spun spandex elastic layer, and the melt-spun spandex yarns are in composite connection with the wave trough parts in a melt-bonding composite mode, so that the elastic composite material has stretch resilience in the longitudinal direction of the elastic composite material.
The melt-bonded composite described above in this application can also be used in three-layer elastic composites. The elastic composite material is composed of a first base material layer, a second base material layer and a melt-spun spandex elastic layer located between the first base material layer and the second base material layer, the first base material layer and the second base material layer are respectively provided with a wave crest portion and a wave trough portion connected with the wave crest portion, the pleat structures sequentially and alternately extend along the longitudinal direction of the base material layer, then a plurality of melt-spun spandex yarns are arranged between the first base material layer and the second base material layer at intervals along the width transverse direction of the base material layer, two end portions of each melt-spun spandex yarn are parallelly spread along the longitudinal direction of the base material layer to form the melt-spun spandex elastic layer, and the melt-spun spandex yarns are respectively connected with the wave trough portion of the first base material layer and the wave crest portion of the second base material layer in a melt-bonding composite mode, so that the elastic composite material has stretch recovery in the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the substrate layer is selected from spun-bonded non-woven fabric, two-component non-woven fabric, hot air non-woven fabric, breathable film, polyester fabric, nylon fabric or cast film.
Preferably, the melt-spun spandex filament adopts spandex filaments of 10-2000Denier, the distance between two adjacent melt-spun spandex filaments is 0.5-6mm, and the drawing multiplying power is 1.1-6.0.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the elastic composite material is continuously provided, and the elastic composite material is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
The invention realizes the following technical effects:
1. because the melt-spun spandex filaments are compositely connected with the base material layer in a melt-bonding composite mode, the problems of the gluing composite process, such as retraction creep and uneven gluing of the spandex filaments in a stretching use state and the phenomenon of adhesion generated in the winding process of the elastic composite material caused by unmatched opening time of the adhesive, are avoided.
2. The fusion bonding compounding mode replaces the existing gluing compounding process, so that the cost of adhesive consumables is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
3. Under the condition that the product structure and the material are consistent, the elastic composite material is obtained by adopting a fusion bonding composite mode, is softer than the elastic material of an adhesive composite process, and has better softness and hand feeling experience.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional elastic waist nonwoven fabric structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and more obvious, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to solve the problem that the existing elastic material (elastic non-woven fabric) adopts a composite mode of an adhesive, the inventor of the application discovers through countless tests and verification that a composite mode of melt bonding can be adopted for melt-spun spandex yarns, namely, the hot-melt material (base material layer) and the melt-spun spandex yarns are directly subjected to melt bonding to form a novel elastic composite material, and the melt bonding can not be carried out in a composite mode of melt bonding or ultrasonic welding for dry-spun spandex yarns, so that the adhesive composite mode is required to be adopted, and the adhesive composite mode can be caused by different molecular groups existing in the melt-spun spandex yarns and the dry-spun spandex yarns.
This application provides a novel compound mode between hot melt material (substrate layer) and the spandex silk of melt spinning according to above experimental phenomenon, adopts melt-bonding's compound mode to be connected spandex silk and substrate layer as an organic whole promptly, specifically is: the preparation method of the elastic composite material comprises the following steps of connecting spandex filaments and a base material layer connected with the spandex filaments, and then connecting the spandex filaments and the base material layer into a whole in a melt bonding composite mode, wherein the melt bonding composite step comprises the following steps:
step one, spandex filament type selection and melting point parameter testing: selecting melt-spun spandex filaments, and detecting the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filaments, wherein the melting point is marked as T1.
Step two, testing the melting point parameter of the substrate layer: the substrate layer material was tested for melting point, denoted T2.
Step three, selecting the suitability of the melting point of the substrate layer and the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filament: when T2 is the same as or similar to T1, the spandex filaments and the base material layer can be connected into a whole by selecting a melt-bonding composite mode.
Step four, selecting a melting point for melt bonding: and on the basis of the third step, selecting a plurality of temperatures based on T1 and T2 to perform pre-melting bonding on the substrate layer and the melt-spun spandex filaments, and selecting an adaptive bonding melting point according to the performance of the prefabricated elastic composite material.
Step five, fusion bonding: setting a melting temperature based on the bond melting point; and forming a pleat structure on the substrate layer through a forming roller, paving melt-spun spandex yarns on the substrate layer, and then fusing and bonding the melt-spun spandex yarns and the substrate layer into a whole at a melting temperature, so that the elastic composite material has stretch recovery.
In a specific embodiment, the fusion bonding is a hot-press fusion bonding or an ultrasonic fusion welding. Wherein:
in some embodiments, the fusion bond is a hot-press fusion bond. The fusion bonding adopts a forming roller and a hot-pressing device to carry out hot-pressing fusion bonding, wherein the forming roller is a hot-pressing forming roller, the hot-pressing forming roller consists of a convex roller and a concave roller, a forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the convex roller, and a forming groove matched with the forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the concave roller; the top of shaping boss, the bottom of shaping recess are provided with the temperature respectively and reach the hot press unit of melting temperature, the substrate layer forms the pleat structure through the shaping roller after, carries out hot pressing melting bonding as an organic whole with melt spinning spandex silk and substrate layer through hot press unit.
In other embodiments, the fusion bond is an ultrasonic fusion weld. The melting bonding adopts forming roll, ultrasonic device to carry out ultrasonic wave fusion welding, wherein, the forming roll comprises protruding roller and concave roller, is equipped with the shaping boss along the outside circumference of protruding roller, and along the outside circumference of concave roller be equipped with the shaping recess of shaping boss looks adaptation, the substrate layer forms the pleat structure through the forming roll after, as an organic whole through ultrasonic device and melt spinning spandex silk ultrasonic wave fusion welding.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned fusion bonded composite method of the present application can be applied to elastic composite materials with a two-layer structure, elastic composite materials with a three-layer structure, and even more layers (e.g. four or five layers).
The above process is illustrated by way of example below.
Example 1
The elastic composite material of the embodiment adopts a double-layer elastic composite material consisting of a base material layer and a melt-spun spandex elastic layer. Wherein the substrate layer adopts a square gram weight of 22g/m 2 The spun-bonded non-woven fabric is characterized in that the distance between two adjacent polyurethane filaments is 3mm, and the polyurethane filaments 480D in the elastic layer of the polyurethane filaments are spun and spun. The spun-bonded non-woven fabric and the melt-spun spandex yarn are all commercial products.
In the embodiment, the spandex filaments and the spun-bonded non-woven fabric are connected into a whole by adopting a melt-bonding composite mode, and the melt-bonding composite step is as follows:
step one, selecting melt-spun spandex filaments, and detecting the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filaments to be 168 ℃ (marked as T1).
Step two, the melting point of the spun-bonded non-woven material is tested to be 172 ℃ (denoted as T2).
And step three, when the T2 is close to the T1, the melt-spun spandex filaments and the spun-bonded non-woven fabric can be connected into a whole by selecting a melt-bonding composite mode.
And on the basis of the third step, selecting a plurality of temperatures based on T1 and T2 to perform pre-melting bonding on the spun-bonded non-woven fabric and the melt-spun spandex filament, and selecting an adaptive bonding melting point of 168-169 ℃ according to the performance of the prefabricated elastic composite material.
Step four, melt bonding: the fusion bonding is performed by using a forming roller and a hot-pressing device, wherein the forming roller is an existing device, which is familiar to those skilled in the art, and the forming roller can also be implemented according to the prior art, such as CN113017991A, for example, the forming roller consists of a convex roller and a concave roller, and a forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the convex roller, and a forming groove adapted to the forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the concave roller.
The embodiment is characterized in that a hot-pressing device is arranged on the basis of the existing forming roller, and the top of the forming boss and the bottom of the forming groove are respectively provided with the hot-pressing device with the temperature reaching the melting temperature, so that the forming roller is provided with a hot-pressing forming roller which heats, melts and thermally bonds (melt-bonds) the melt-spun spandex filaments and the spun-bonded non-woven fabric.
Setting the melting temperature to be 168 or 169 ℃, processing the spunbonded nonwoven fabric into a pleated structure which consists of wave crest parts and wave trough parts connected with the wave crest parts and sequentially and alternately extends along the longitudinal direction of the spunbonded nonwoven fabric by adopting a hot press forming roller; then, a plurality of melt-spun spandex filaments are arranged on the spun-bonded non-woven fabric at intervals along the width transverse direction of the spun-bonded non-woven fabric. The spacing is 0.5-6mm.
The two end parts of each melt-spun spandex filament are spread in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the spun-bonded non-woven fabric to form the elastic layer of the melt-spun spandex filament. In this example, the Denier and draw ratio of the spandex filament are not particularly limited, but a draw ratio of 1.1 to 6.0 and a Denier of 10 to 2000Denier may be preferred. The stretch ratio of the spandex filament in the embodiment is 1.4 times, the denier is 140D, and the distance is 3mm.
In the process of forming the pleat structure, the hot-pressing device heats the spun-bonded non-woven fabric or the melt-spun spandex filaments in the wave trough part to realize a melt-bonding composite mode, so that the melt-spun spandex filaments and the wave trough part are compositely connected to obtain the elastic composite non-woven fabric, and the composite non-woven fabric has stretch recovery in the longitudinal direction.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the elastic composite material of this embodiment adopts a three-layer elastic composite material composed of a first spun-bonded nonwoven fabric, a second spun-bonded nonwoven fabric and an elastic layer of melt-spun spandex filament therebetween. Wherein, the first spun-bonded non-woven fabric (upper layer) and the second spun-bonded non-woven fabric (lower layer) both adopt 22g/m 2 A spunbonded nonwoven fabric. Other parameters and the embodiment thereof are the same as those in example 1.
The first spun-bonded nonwoven fabric and the second spun-bonded nonwoven fabric are respectively processed into a pleated structure which is composed of wave crest portions and wave trough portions connecting the wave crest portions and sequentially and alternately extends along the longitudinal direction of the spun-bonded nonwoven fabric by using a hot press forming roller. Then a plurality of melt-spun spandex filaments are arranged along the width transverse direction of the spun-bonded non-woven fabric. Finally, in the forming process of the pleat structure, the hot-pressing device respectively heats the first spun-bonded non-woven fabric, the second spun-bonded non-woven fabric and the melt-spun spandex filament to realize a melt-bonding composite mode, so that the melt-spun spandex filament is compositely connected with the wave trough part to obtain the elastic composite non-woven fabric, and the composite non-woven fabric has stretch recovery in the longitudinal direction.
Example 3
The present example is different from example 1 in that the melt bonding in the present example is performed by ultrasonic melt welding using a forming roll and an ultrasonic device, and other parameters and steps are the same as those in example 1. The forming roller consists of a convex roller and a concave roller, a forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the convex roller, and a forming groove matched with the forming boss is circumferentially arranged along the outer side of the concave roller. The ultrasonic apparatus of this example is commercially available equipment, and it is well within the skill of those in the art to perform thermal welding on hot melt polymers using ultrasonic apparatus.
In the embodiment, an ultrasonic device is adopted to respectively heat and melt the melt-spun spandex filaments and the spun-bonded non-woven fabric, and the melt-spun spandex filaments and the spun-bonded non-woven fabric are thermally welded under the pressing effect of the forming roller to obtain the elastic composite non-woven fabric which has tensile recovery in the longitudinal direction.
Example 4
This example is different from example 2 in that the melt bonding of this example was carried out by ultrasonic melt welding using a forming roll and an ultrasonic device to obtain an elastic composite nonwoven fabric having stretch recovery properties in the longitudinal direction thereof. Other parameters and steps were the same as in example 2.
It should be noted that the spun-bonded nonwoven fabric in the above embodiment may be replaced by a bicomponent nonwoven fabric, a hot-air nonwoven fabric, a breathable film, a polyester fabric, a nylon fabric, or a cast film.
And (3) performance testing:
test samples: because present elasticity non-woven fabrics are three layer construction elasticity non-woven fabrics, for the comparison of convenience, will make the elasticity composite nonwoven fabric of three layer construction for the test sample with embodiment 2, 4.
Comparative sample: the elastic composite non-woven fabric with a three-layer structure which is purchased from the market is taken as a comparison sample. The comparative spunbonded nonwoven was analyzed to be 20g/m 2 The stretch ratio of the spandex filament in this example is 1.38, the denier is 160D, and the spacing is 3.2mm.
The test method comprises the following steps:
and (3) softness testing: reference is made to GB/T8942-2016, determination of softness of paper.
And (3) testing creep resistance: preparing a test cardboard, completely stretching the test sample and the comparison sample, fixing the samples on the cardboard by using staples and the like, measuring a test section of 25cm of spandex filaments, and marking two ends of each spandex filament corresponding to the test section by using a marker pen. Then placing the sample in a constant-temperature oven at 40 ℃ for 12h, taking out the marked creep of the spandex yarn, namely the length after retraction, wherein the creep rate is calculated as follows: creep rate (%) = (25-L1)/25 x 100%, wherein L1 is the length of the spandex silk mark section after retraction, and the average value of three tests is taken as the test result.
And (3) testing results:
TABLE 1 softness of elastic nonwoven
Figure BDA0003817776550000081
The above test data show that the elastic non-woven fabric formed by compounding the melt-spun spandex filament and the substrate layer (spun-bonded non-woven fabric and the like) in a melt-bonding compounding mode is softer than the elastic material of an adhesive compounding process, has better softness and hand feeling experience, and the problem of retraction and creep of the spandex filament in a stretching use state can be effectively solved in the melt-bonding compounding mode.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of an elastic composite material comprises spandex filaments and a substrate layer connected with the spandex filaments, and is characterized in that: adopting a melt bonding compounding mode to connect the spandex filaments and the base material layer into a whole, wherein the melt bonding compounding step comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting spandex filament types and testing melting point parameters of the spandex filament types: selecting melt-spun spandex filaments, and detecting the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filaments as T1;
step two, testing the melting point parameter of the substrate layer: testing the melting point of the material of the base material, and marking as T2;
step three, selecting the suitability of the melting point of the substrate layer and the melting point of the melt-spun spandex filament: when T2 is the same as or similar to T1, the spandex filaments and the base material layer can be connected into a whole by selecting a melt bonding composite mode;
step four, fusion bonding: setting a melting temperature based on the bond melting point; and forming a pleat structure on the substrate layer through a forming roller, paving the melt-spun spandex filament on the substrate layer, and fusing and bonding the melt-spun spandex filament and the substrate layer into a whole at the melting temperature, so that the elastic composite material has the stretch recovery property.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises a melting point selection step of melt bonding between the third step and the fourth step: and selecting a plurality of temperatures based on T1 and T2 to perform pre-melting bonding on the substrate layer and the melt-spun spandex filaments, and selecting an adaptive bonding melting point according to the performance of the prefabricated elastic composite material.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fusion bonding is hot-pressing fusion bonding or ultrasonic fusion welding.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fusion bonding adopts shaping roller, hot press unit to carry out hot pressing fusion bonding, wherein, the shaping roller comprises protruding roller and concave roller, and is equipped with the shaping boss along the outside circumference of protruding roller, and along the outside circumference of concave roller be equipped with the shaping recess of shaping boss looks adaptation the top of shaping boss, the bottom of shaping recess are provided with the temperature respectively and reach melting temperature's hot press unit and formation hot pressing shaping roller, the substrate layer carries out hot pressing fusion bonding as an organic whole with melt spinning spandex silk and substrate layer through hot press unit after the shaping roller forms the pleat structure.
5. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the melting bonding adopts forming roll, ultrasonic device to carry out ultrasonic wave fusion welding, wherein, the forming roll comprises protruding roller and concave roller, is equipped with the shaping boss along the outside circumference of protruding roller, and along the outside circumference of concave roller be equipped with the shaping recess of shaping boss looks adaptation, the substrate layer forms the pleat structure through the forming roll after, as an organic whole through ultrasonic device and melt spinning spandex silk ultrasonic wave fusion welding.
6. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the elastic composite material adopts a double-layer structure elastic composite material consisting of a base material layer and a melt-spun spandex elastic layer, the base material layer is provided with a pleat structure which consists of wave crest parts and wave trough parts connected with wave crest parts and sequentially and alternately extends along the longitudinal direction of the base material layer, then a plurality of melt-spun spandex yarns are arranged on the base material layer at intervals along the width transverse direction of the base material layer, two end parts of each melt-spun spandex yarn are parallelly spread along the longitudinal direction of the base material layer to form the melt-spun spandex elastic layer, and the melt-spun spandex yarns are compositely connected with the wave trough parts in a fusion bonding composite mode, so that the elastic composite material has stretching resilience in the longitudinal direction.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the elastic composite material is composed of a first base material layer, a second base material layer and a melt-spun spandex elastic layer located between the first base material layer and the second base material layer, the first base material layer and the second base material layer are respectively provided with a wave crest portion and a wave trough portion connected with the wave crest portion, the pleat structures sequentially and alternately extend along the longitudinal direction of the base material layer, then a plurality of melt-spun spandex yarns are arranged between the first base material layer and the second base material layer at intervals along the width transverse direction of the base material layer, two end portions of each melt-spun spandex yarn are parallelly spread along the longitudinal direction of the base material layer to form the melt-spun spandex elastic layer, and the melt-spun spandex yarns are respectively connected with the wave trough portion of the first base material layer and the wave crest portion of the second base material layer in a melt-bonding composite mode, so that the elastic composite material has stretch recovery in the longitudinal direction.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 4 to 7, wherein: the substrate layer is selected from spun-bonded non-woven fabric, double-component non-woven fabric, hot air non-woven fabric, breathable film, polyester fabric, nylon fabric or cast film.
9. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 4 to 7, wherein: the melt-spun spandex filament adopts 10-2000Denier spandex filaments, the distance between two adjacent melt-spun spandex filaments is 0.5-6mm, and the drawing multiplying power is 1.1-6.0.
10. An elastic composite characterized by: the elastic composite material is prepared by the preparation method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202211032848.3A 2022-08-26 2022-08-26 Preparation method of elastic composite material and elastic composite material thereof Pending CN115467094A (en)

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