CN110979029A - Charging device and charging method for super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar - Google Patents
Charging device and charging method for super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar Download PDFInfo
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- CN110979029A CN110979029A CN201911043251.7A CN201911043251A CN110979029A CN 110979029 A CN110979029 A CN 110979029A CN 201911043251 A CN201911043251 A CN 201911043251A CN 110979029 A CN110979029 A CN 110979029A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a charging device and a charging method for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar, which comprise a front-stage DC/DC Boost converter and a rear-stage DC/DC Buck converter, wherein the DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase staggered Boost circuits for parallel connection, the DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase staggered Buck circuits for parallel connection, the Boost circuits and the Buck circuits are interconnected through a direct current bus, and the whole system realizes stable output of charging voltage of DC0-900V to a tramcar-mounted super capacitor by controlling the voltage of the direct current bus at DC 1050V; the invention also discloses a charging method for the super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar, wherein a front-stage Boost circuit adopts a double closed loop control mode of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, a rear-stage Buck circuit adopts a mode of converting constant-current voltage limiting control into constant-voltage current limiting control after first constant-current voltage limiting control, and meanwhile, the output current value of the rear-stage Buck circuit is tracked and fed forward to the front-stage Boost circuit, so that the voltage of the direct-current bus can be stably controlled at DC 1050V.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of charging in traffic engineering, in particular to a charging device and a charging method for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar.
Background art:
the modern tramcar is attractive, environment-friendly and resource-saving, is suitable for running with small curve radius and large slope, can meet the passenger flow requirement of 0.5-1.5 ten thousand people per hour in a single direction, has the design speed of 70-80 km/h, and has lower noise in general operation than urban background traffic. With the research and development of the super capacitor, the energy density and the power density of the super capacitor are greatly improved, and the characteristic of quick charge and discharge is also suitable for urban rail transit which is frequently started and stopped.
The super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar has the advantages that the energy storage power supply can absorb the regenerated energy of the tramcar, the efficiency reaches more than 85%, compared with the traditional power receiving type rail transit vehicle, the traction energy consumption can be reduced by more than 20%, due to the fact that a power supply line of a contact net or a third rail is cancelled, the treatment measure of stray return current of the steel rail is not needed to be considered in the interval, the initial investment of the line and a power supply system is reduced to a certain extent, and the urban landscape of the line road, particularly the intersection, is greatly improved. Based on this, in recent years, energy storage tramcars are being developed and popularized in middle and large cities.
At present, the existing novel energy storage type tramcar power supply system in China mainly takes AC10kV power supply and DC1500V power supply as main forms. The AC10kV power supply belongs to a distributed power supply system, each charging device needs to be separately provided with a step-down transformer, and simultaneously, the rectification function and the direct current conversion function are integrated, so that the whole system has high reliability, but the cost and the design are complex. The DC1500V power supply is a conventional standard subway power supply system, the charging device is simple in design, and only the charging device has a voltage reduction function, so that the charging device is the most common energy storage type tramcar power supply system at present. Due to historical legacy reasons, a part of newly designed energy storage type tramcar power supply systems in China are DC750V, the fluctuation range of power supply voltage is DC 500-900V, the voltage range of an output vehicle-mounted super capacitor is DC0-900V, the input and output ranges are wide, from the perspective of voltage height, the tramcar power supply system sometimes works in voltage boosting and sometimes works in voltage reduction, and considering that high-power direct current charging is a non-isolated design, the topological design of the system is difficult, so that further deep research on a system power supply system and device topology is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a charging device and a charging method for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar, which aim to overcome the defect of difficult system topology of high-power direct-current charging in the prior art.
A charging device for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar comprises an input loop, a front-stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear-stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop which are sequentially connected;
the input circuit comprises an input lightning protection circuit, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are connected in sequence, wherein two ends of the input contactor are connected with a pre-charging circuit in parallel, and an input voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast fuse; the input lightning protection is formed by connecting a fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series, the input isolating switch is formed by connecting two isolating switches of the same type in parallel, the input contactor is formed by connecting two contactors of the same type in parallel, the input fast fuse is connected in series with the anode of the input end of each phase of Boost branch circuit, and the pre-charging loop is formed by connecting the fast fuse, the contactors and a resistor in series;
the input end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter;
the output end of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter is connected with the output loop;
the output circuit comprises an output fast melting capacitor, a clamping diode, an output contactor, an output isolating switch and an output lightning protection device which are sequentially connected, an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast melting capacitor and the clamping diode, the output fast melting capacitor is connected in series with the positive electrode of the output end of each phase of the Buck branch, and the output lightning protection device is formed by connecting the fast melting capacitor and a lightning arrester in series.
Furthermore, a crowbar circuit is connected in parallel on the positive and negative direct current buses of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter in a cascade connection mode, and the crowbar circuit is formed by connecting an IGBT module and a resistor in series.
Furthermore, a discharging branch is connected in parallel on a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current bus which are connected with the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter, and the discharging branch is formed by connecting a plurality of same resistors in parallel and then connecting the same resistors in series with a contactor.
Furthermore, the preceding-stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase interleaved Boost circuits for parallel connection, and the working time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered by 1/4 periods in sequence.
Furthermore, the rear-stage DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase staggered Buck circuits for parallel connection, and the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered 1/4 periods in sequence.
A charging method for a super capacitor energy storage tram, the method comprising the steps of:
after the vehicle to be charged is connected with the charging device, starting charging the vehicle to be charged;
charging a vehicle to be charged in a first-stage charging mode;
when the voltage of the super capacitor is detected to reach a preset threshold value, the super capacitor is converted into a second-stage charging mode to charge the vehicle to be charged;
the input voltage of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter is ensured to be stable in a first-stage charging mode and a second-stage charging mode by adopting a voltage stabilizing mode;
and when the charging standard is reached, the charging is finished, and the charging is stopped.
Further, the method for judging the completion of the connection between the vehicle to be charged and the charging device comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle to be charged enters the station, the charging rail of the charging device is in contact with the pantograph of the vehicle to be charged;
detecting the voltage of the charging rail and the pantograph;
when the voltage is greater than the set threshold, the contact is considered valid for charging.
Further, the first-stage charging mode is a constant-current voltage-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-current voltage-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling the charging current at the output end of the charging device, and converting the charging current through a proportionality coefficient to input into a direct current PI controller;
and the direct current PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integral amplification and compares the modulation wave with the triangular carrier, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the intersection point moment of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier to obtain a current PWM control signal.
Further, the second-stage charging mode is a constant-voltage current-limiting mode, and the charging control method in the constant-current voltage-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling the voltage of the super capacitor, and converting the voltage into a charging voltage PI controller through a proportionality coefficient;
and the charging voltage PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integral amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the intersection point moment of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier to obtain a voltage PWM control signal.
Further, the method for judging whether the charging standard is met is as follows:
when in the second stage charging mode, the charging current drops to a threshold value;
or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the threshold value and the second-stage charging mode is stable, judging that the charging is finished.
Further, the voltage stabilization mode is a double closed-loop control mode of a voltage outer loop and a current inner loop, and the charging control method of the double closed-loop control mode of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop comprises the following steps:
the voltage outer ring and the voltage PI regulator regulate according to the collected actual value of the voltage of the direct current bus and a given voltage fixed value and output a current instruction;
the current inner ring controls the input current of the Boost converter according to a current instruction given by the voltage outer ring;
the voltage outer ring takes direct-current bus voltage as a control quantity, a given value is 1050V, a feedback value is an actual sampling value of the direct-current bus voltage, the voltage outer ring is regulated by a voltage PI regulator, the sum of output currents of the voltage PI regulator and output superposed Buck converters is used as a given value of a current inner ring, input side currents of Boost converters are used as a feedback value, the duty ratio of the Boost converters is output by the regulation of the current PI regulator, the on-off of IGBTs is controlled, and the direct-current bus voltage stabilizing effect during short-time high-power charging of the super capacitor is achieved through implementation of power feedforward.
The invention has the advantages that: the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter both adopt a four-phase interleaved parallel technology, so that input/output current ripples are greatly reduced, and the dynamic response and efficiency of the whole charging device are greatly improved; the output current of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter is scaled according to a certain proportion, and then the output current is introduced into the control unit of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter to be used as the current loop feedforward of the control unit, so that the response speed of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is greatly improved. When a short-term high-power load is loaded, the voltage of the direct-current bus is quickly stabilized at a set value, the distortion of the voltage of a power supply network caused by the impact of the high-power load is effectively inhibited, and the adaptability of the power grid is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for charging a tramcar according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electrical topology diagram of a charging device of a tramcar according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a charging control block diagram of the pre-stage DC/DC boost converter in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a charging control block diagram of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a software flow chart of a charging system of the charging device of the tramcar according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a charging device for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar comprises an input loop, a front-stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear-stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop which are connected in sequence;
the input circuit comprises an input lightning protection circuit, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are connected in sequence, wherein two ends of the input contactor are connected with a pre-charging circuit in parallel, and an input voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast fuse; the input lightning protection is formed by connecting a fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series, the input isolating switch is formed by connecting two isolating switches of the same type in parallel, the input contactor is formed by connecting two contactors of the same type in parallel, the input fast fuse is connected in series with the anode of the input end of each phase of Boost branch circuit, and the pre-charging loop is formed by connecting the fast fuse, the contactors and a resistor in series;
the input end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter;
the output end of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter is connected with the output loop;
the output circuit comprises an output fast melting diode, a clamping diode, a contactor, an isolating switch and an output lightning protection which are sequentially connected, and an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast melting diode and the clamping diode. The output fast fusing is connected in series with the positive electrode of the output end of each phase of Buck branch, and the output lightning protection is formed by connecting the fast fusing and the lightning arrester in series.
In this embodiment, a crowbar circuit is connected in parallel to the positive and negative DC buses of the cascade connection of the front stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear stage DC/DC buck converter to prevent overvoltage from damaging the super capacitor. When the output voltage exceeds the chopper trigger voltage, the chopper is automatically switched into protection for discharging, when the discharge voltage reaches the release voltage, the chopper is automatically switched off, the output voltage is kept in a reasonable range, and the crowbar circuit is formed by connecting an IGBT module and a resistor in series.
In this embodiment, the front-stage DC/DC Boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter are connected in parallel to a positive DC bus and a negative DC bus, and the discharging branch is formed by connecting four identical resistors in parallel and then connecting the four identical resistors in series with a contactor, and is used for providing an initial load for the front-stage Boost circuit when the charging device is started and discharging a bus capacitor to a safe voltage when the charging device is overhauled.
In this embodiment, the preceding-stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase interleaved Boost circuits for parallel connection, and the operating time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered by 1/4 cycles in sequence.
In this embodiment, the post-stage DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase interleaved Buck circuits for parallel connection, and the operating time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered by 1/4 cycles in sequence.
A charging method for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar provides a two-stage converter scheme for charging a load super-capacitor to require boosting and reducing sometimes under the power supply mode of an urban rail transit traction network DC750V, the output power of a post-stage buck converter is fed forward to a pre-stage boost converter for control, and the stabilization of output charging voltage is realized, the method comprises the following steps:
after the vehicle to be charged is connected with the charging device, starting charging the vehicle to be charged;
charging the vehicle with the substitute charge in a first-stage charging mode;
when the voltage of the super capacitor is detected to reach a preset threshold value, the super capacitor is converted into a second-stage charging mode to charge the vehicle to be charged;
and when the charging standard is reached, the charging is finished, and the charging is stopped.
In this embodiment, the method for determining completion of connection of the vehicle to be charged and the charging device includes the steps of:
when the vehicle to be charged enters the station, the charging rail of the charging device is in contact with the pantograph of the vehicle to be charged;
detecting the voltage of the charging rail and the pantograph;
when the voltage is greater than the set threshold, the contact is considered valid for charging.
In this embodiment, the first-stage charging mode is a constant-current voltage-limiting mode, and the charging control method in the constant-current voltage-limiting mode includes the following steps:
sampling the charging current at the output end of the charging device, and converting the charging current through a proportionality coefficient to input into a direct current PI controller;
and the direct current PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integral amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the intersection point moment of the modulation wave and the triangular wave to obtain a current PWM control signal.
The constant current voltage limiting mode adopts direct current PI control, super capacitor charging current is used as control quantity, the charging current at the output end of the charging device is sampled by a current Hall and is converted by a sampling coefficient to be sent to a controller, the controller compares a sampling value with a set value, and an output modulation wave is compared with a triangular carrier wave by an integral amplification link, so that a current PWM signal is obtained to control a switch tube. And the current set value is the charging current value of the vehicle-mounted super capacitor.
In this embodiment, the second stage charging mode is a constant voltage current limiting mode, and the charging control method in the constant voltage current limiting mode includes the following steps:
sampling the voltage of the super capacitor, and converting the voltage into a charging voltage PI controller through a proportionality coefficient;
and the charging voltage PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integral amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the intersection point moment of the modulation wave and the triangular wave to obtain a voltage PWM control signal.
The constant voltage current-limiting mode adopts charging voltage PI control, super capacitor voltage is used as control quantity, the voltage of the super capacitor is sampled by a voltage Hall and is converted by a sampling coefficient to be sent to a controller, the controller compares a sampling value with a set value, and a modulation wave is output and compared with a triangular carrier wave by an integral amplification link, so that a voltage PWM control signal is obtained, and the on-off of a switch tube is controlled. And the voltage set value is a charging voltage value of the vehicle-mounted super capacitor.
In this embodiment, the method for determining that the charging standard is met includes:
when in the second stage charging mode, the charging current drops to a threshold value;
or the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the threshold value, and after the second-stage charging mode is kept for a period of time, the charging is judged to be finished.
In the double closed loop control mode of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the voltage outer loop takes direct current bus voltage as a control quantity, a given value is 1050V, a feedback value is an actual sampling value of the direct current bus voltage, the actual sampling value is regulated by a voltage loop PI regulator, the voltage loop PI regulator outputs the sum of output currents of the superposed Buck converter as a given current inner loop, the current at the input side of the Boost converter is used as feedback, the duty ratio of the Boost converter is output, the on-off of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) tube is controlled, and the voltage stabilization effect of the direct current bus during short-time high-power charging of the super capacitor is realized through the implementation of.
The front-stage DC/DC boost converter adopts a voltage outer ring, a current inner ring and a control strategy combining current feedforward and rear-stage power feedforward. The voltage outer ring is mainly used for controlling the voltage of the direct current bus, and the current inner ring controls the input current of the Boost converter according to a current instruction given by the voltage outer ring so as to obtain stable direct current bus voltage.
The later-stage DC/DC buck converter adopts a constant-current voltage-limiting control mode, and is switched to a constant-voltage-limiting control mode when the voltage of the super capacitor is charged to a set value of 840V. And the integral output value of the current PI regulator before switching is used as the integral initial value of the voltage PI regulator after switching, so that seamless switching of two stages is realized.
Based on the above, the technical scheme is further explained by combining the attached drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the power grid energy passes through a line-incoming high-voltage switch cabinet and a feeder high-voltage switch cabinet via a 10kV high-voltage bus, then is converted into 750V direct current via a rectifier transformer and a rectifier, passes through a direct-current switch cabinet and then is input to a DC750V direct-current bus to supply power to a charging device of the super-capacitor energy-storage type tramcar, and the charging device supplies the electric energy required by the vehicle-mounted super-capacitor to a charging rail via a network-connection isolation switch cabinet. After novel energy storage formula tram came in, charging device detected the radio frequency signal of coming in, simultaneously, the pantograph of vehicle and the contact of the rail that charges, if detect the rail voltage that charges and be greater than 500V, then think the pantograph of vehicle and the rail that charges and effectively contact, and charging device starts the automatic charging procedure and begins to charge for on-vehicle super capacitor, when detecting the radio frequency signal of coming out of a station or on-vehicle super capacitor is full of, then stops charging. The judgment condition of whether the vehicle-mounted super capacitor is full is as follows: after the constant-current voltage limiting mode is switched to the constant-voltage current limiting mode, the charging current is reduced to 50A, or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches a set value, the constant-voltage current limiting mode is kept for charging for 30S.
As shown in fig. 2, a charging device for a super capacitor energy storage type tramcar comprises an input loop, a front stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop. The input loop comprises an input lightning protection device, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are sequentially connected, wherein the input lightning protection device is formed by connecting a fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series, the input isolating switch is formed by connecting two isolating switches of the same type in parallel, the input contactor is formed by connecting two contactors of the same type in parallel, and the input fast fuse is connected in series with the positive electrode of the input end of each phase of the Boost branch circuit; the pre-charging loop is connected in parallel at two ends of the input contactor, and the input voltage-stabilizing capacitor and the resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast melting point. The pre-charging loop is formed by connecting a fast fuse, a contactor and a resistor in series; the front-stage DC/DC Boost converter is formed by connecting four-phase interleaved Boost circuits in parallel, the input end of the front-stage DC/DC Boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC Boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter. The back-stage DC/DC Buck converter is formed by connecting four-phase staggered Buck circuits in parallel, the output end of the back-stage DC/DC Buck converter is connected with an output loop, the output loop comprises an output fast melting diode, a clamping diode, a contactor, an isolating switch and an output lightning protection which are sequentially connected, and an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast melting diode and the clamping diode. The output fast fusing is connected in series with the positive electrode of the output end of each phase of Buck branch, and the output lightning protection is formed by connecting the fast fusing and the lightning arrester in series.
And crowbar circuits are connected in parallel on positive and negative direct current buses of the cascade connection of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter so as to prevent overvoltage from damaging the super capacitor. The direct current/direct current (DC/DC) Boost converter and the post-stage DC/DC buck converter are cascaded to form a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current bus which are connected in parallel with a discharging branch, the discharging branch consists of a contactor and four parallel resistors and is used for providing an initial load for a front-stage Boost circuit when the charging device is started and discharging a bus capacitor to a safe voltage when the charging device is overhauled.
As shown in fig. 3, the preceding-stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase interleaved Boost circuits for parallel connection, the working time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered 1/4 cycles in sequence, and a control strategy combining a voltage outer loop, a current inner loop, a current feed-forward and a subsequent-stage power feed-forward is adopted. The voltage outer ring takes direct-current bus voltage as a control quantity, a given value is 1050V, a feedback value is an actual sampling value of the direct-current bus voltage, the actual sampling value is regulated by a voltage ring PI regulator, the sum of output currents of a superposed Buck converter output by the voltage ring PI regulator is given as a current inner ring, the current on the input side of the Boost converter is fed back, the duty ratio of a preceding stage Boost converter is output, the on-off of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) tube is controlled, and the direct-current bus voltage stabilizing effect during short-time high-power charging of the super capacitor is realized through implementation of power feedforward.
As shown in fig. 4, the post-stage DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase staggered Buck circuits for parallel connection, the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered by 1/4 cycles in sequence, and the control mode includes two control modes of constant current voltage limiting and constant voltage current limiting, the constant current voltage limiting control mode adopts direct current PI control, the charging current of the super capacitor is used as the control quantity, the current given value is the charging current allowed by the vehicle super capacitor, and the current feedback value is directly measured by the current hall to obtain the charging current; the constant voltage current limiting control mode adopts charging voltage PI regulation, the voltage of the super capacitor is used as a control quantity, the given voltage value is the voltage value allowed by the vehicle-mounted super capacitor, and the voltage feedback value is directly measured by the voltage Hall to obtain the voltage of the super capacitor. And after the charging of the super capacitor reaches a set value, switching from a constant-current voltage-limiting charging stage to a constant-voltage current-limiting charging stage, and taking an integral output value of the current PI regulator before switching as an integral initial value of the voltage PI regulator after switching to realize seamless switching of two stages.
As shown in fig. 5, the software flow chart of the charging system of the present invention mainly includes a system initialization module, a train arrival determination module, a sampling module, a charging enabling module, a communication module, a fault determination module, a pulse generation module, an equipment shutdown module, and a fault clearing determination module. The charging system is provided with a remote monitoring system, a human-computer interface and other intelligent monitoring systems and is used for monitoring the running state, fault judgment, energy storage energy change and the like of the charging device. When the charging device is powered on, the system is initialized to a standby state. The sampling module transmits a voltage signal, a current signal, a temperature signal and an opening signal to the controller in real time, and the communication module transmits a charging set value and state information of the charging device to the controller in real time. When the train is detected to enter the station, the charging device is switched from the standby state to the running state, the charging instruction is adjusted according to the charging condition of the train, if a fault occurs in the charging process, the charging is stopped immediately, the input contactor is disconnected, the train enters the standby state again after the fault is cleared, and if the charging is normally carried out, the train directly enters the standby state after the charging is finished to wait for the next train entering the station to be charged.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (11)
1. A charging device for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar is characterized by comprising an input loop, a front-stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear-stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop which are sequentially connected;
the input circuit comprises an input lightning protection circuit, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are connected in sequence, wherein two ends of the input contactor are connected with a pre-charging circuit in parallel, and an input voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast fuse;
the input end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter;
the output end of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter is connected with the output loop;
the output circuit comprises an output fast melting diode, a clamping diode, an output contactor, an output isolating switch and an output lightning protection which are sequentially connected, and an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast melting diode and the clamping diode.
2. A charging arrangement for a super capacitor energy storage tram as claimed in claim 1, in which: and crowbar circuits are connected in parallel on the positive and negative direct current buses of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter in a cascade connection mode, and each crowbar circuit is formed by connecting an IGBT module and a resistor in series.
3. A charging arrangement for a super capacitor energy storage tram as claimed in claim 1, in which: and the positive and negative direct current buses connected with the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter are connected in parallel with a discharge branch, and the discharge branch is formed by connecting a plurality of same resistors in parallel and then connecting the same resistors in series with a contactor.
4. A charging arrangement for a super capacitor energy storage tram as claimed in claim 1, in which: the pre-stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase interleaved Boost circuits for parallel connection, and the working time of each phase of the Boost circuit is staggered by 1/4 periods in sequence.
5. A charging arrangement for a super capacitor energy storage tram as claimed in claim 1, in which: the post-stage DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase staggered Buck circuits for parallel connection, and the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered 1/4 periods in sequence.
6. A charging method for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
after the vehicle to be charged is connected with the charging device, starting charging the vehicle to be charged;
charging a vehicle to be charged in a first-stage charging mode;
when the voltage of the super capacitor is detected to reach a preset threshold value, the super capacitor is converted into a second-stage charging mode to charge the vehicle to be charged;
the input voltage of the circuit is ensured to be stable in a first-stage charging mode and a second-stage charging mode by adopting a voltage stabilizing mode;
and when the charging standard is reached, the charging is finished, and the charging is stopped.
7. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tramcar according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for judging the completion of the connection between the vehicle to be charged and the charging device comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle to be charged enters the station, the charging rail of the charging device is in contact with the pantograph of the vehicle to be charged;
detecting the voltage of the charging rail and the pantograph;
when the voltage is greater than the set threshold, the contact is considered valid for charging.
8. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tramcar according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the first-stage charging mode is a constant-current voltage-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-current voltage-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling the charging current at the output end of the charging device, and converting the charging current through a proportionality coefficient to input into a direct current PI controller;
and the direct current PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integral amplification and compares the modulation wave with the triangular carrier, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the intersection point moment of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier to obtain a current PWM control signal.
9. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tramcar according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the second-stage charging mode is a constant-voltage current-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-current voltage-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling the voltage of the super capacitor, and converting the voltage into a charging voltage PI controller through a proportionality coefficient;
and the charging voltage PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integral amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the intersection point moment of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier to obtain a voltage PWM control signal.
10. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tramcar according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the judgment method for reaching the charging standard comprises the following steps:
when in the second stage charging mode, the charging current drops to a threshold value;
or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the threshold value and the second-stage charging mode is stable, judging that the charging is finished.
11. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tramcar according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the voltage stabilization mode is a double closed-loop control mode of a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, and the charging control method of the double closed-loop control mode of the voltage outer ring and the current inner ring comprises the following steps:
the voltage outer ring and the voltage PI regulator regulate according to the collected actual value of the voltage of the direct current bus and a given voltage fixed value and output a current instruction;
and the current inner ring controls the input current of the Boost converter according to a current instruction given by the voltage outer ring.
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