CN109143311A - A kind of devices and methods therefor of Measurement atom core inner material structure - Google Patents

A kind of devices and methods therefor of Measurement atom core inner material structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109143311A
CN109143311A CN201810567737.XA CN201810567737A CN109143311A CN 109143311 A CN109143311 A CN 109143311A CN 201810567737 A CN201810567737 A CN 201810567737A CN 109143311 A CN109143311 A CN 109143311A
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detector
nucleus
inner material
target
material structure
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周霞
魏源
马丹阳
李加兴
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Southwest University
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Southwest University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to Nuclear Physics experimental study fields, are related to a kind of devices and methods therefor of Measurement atom core inner material structure.The device successively includes two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors from left to right, one silicon detector is housed after the Parallel plate avalanche detector, one target nucleus is housed after the silicon detector, two pieces of silicon microstrip detectors are housed after the target nucleus, a CsI crystal telescope array is housed after the silicon microstrip detector.The configuration of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, the data obtained using each detector can obtain atomic nucleus inner material structural information after being computed, have accuracy and reliability.

Description

A kind of devices and methods therefor of Measurement atom core inner material structure
Technical field
The invention belongs to Nuclear Physics field, it is related to a kind of physics facility and method, and in particular to a kind of detection The devices and methods therefor of atomic nucleus inner material structure.
Background technique
The application of neutron nuclear reaction technology makes the research of atomic nucleus conglomeration structure have certain breakthrough.It is anti-based on middle daughter nucleus It answers, chipping reaction after incoming particle and target nucleus collision in experiment, with detector measurement fragmentation product, by being produced to fragmentation The combination energy size of the anti-activation energy spectrum pushed away before can rebuilding fragmentation of object, excitation energy homoatomic core can mention in the same breath, thus To the conglomeration structure of core.But the generation of neutron and measurement experiment limitation are very big, energy is bigger, and obtained fragmentation product is got over Finely, so being unable to get nuclear precision architecture by experiment, therefore the theory of nuclear structure of foundation cannot be carried out effective Experimental verification.
Summary of the invention
According to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of Measurement atom core inner material structures The features such as devices and methods therefor has experimental provision structure simple, easy to operate, convenience of calculation, experimental result is accurate.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure, including two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors are provided, it is described One silicon detector is housed after Parallel plate avalanche detector, a target nucleus is housed after the silicon detector, after the target nucleus Equipped with two pieces of silicon microstrip detectors, a CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × n is housed after the silicon microstrip detector (m, n are positive integer) array.
Further, the double dimension position sensitives of two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors.
Further, the silicon detector is parallel with Parallel plate avalanche detector and geometric center is on same straight line.
Further, the target nucleus material can be selected according to measured particle kind, and thickness can also be according to institute Measurement particle kind is selected, and geometric center parallel with silicon detector is on same straight line.
Further, two pieces of silicon microstrip detectors are mutually perpendicular to, and be can according to need adjustment and are come at a distance from target nucleus The different angles of departure is obtained, the geometric center with target nucleus is on same straight line.
Further, described CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × n (m, n are positive integer) array, according in measurement The difference of appearance can choose unit number, while it is adjustable at a distance from target nucleus, obtain vertical needed for capable of covering experiment The body angle of departure, and geometric center parallel with target nucleus is on same straight line.
The method of Measurement atom core inner material structure of the present invention, it is characterised in that follow the steps below:
(1) according to physical target, select the atomic nucleus to be studied as incident line, into described in claim 1 one The device of kind Measurement atom core inner material structure.
(2) after selected atomic nucleus line enters two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors, incident atoms core line can be obtained In each particle the direction of motion.
(3) selected atomic nucleus line, which flies out, enters silicon detector after Parallel plate avalanche detector, can show that energy damages Δ E signal is lost, carries out particle identification of the line before target nucleus in conjunction with the time of flight spectrum of particle, it is possible to authenticate go out atomic nucleus beam Different particles in stream.
(4) with the atomic nucleus line that identifies, hit target nucleus, when in line certain nuclear particles and target nucleus collision When, there are certain reaction probabilities, to the excitation state with conglomeration structure, burst reaction to occur by layout.The reaction process of rupture It can state are as follows: P+T → B*+ 3, B*→1+2.Wherein, P represents shell core, and T represents target nucleus, and B represents target core, and 1,2,3 3 kinds of Final-State Particles are respectively represented.
(5) breakdown products concentrate on preceding angular region, utilize silicon microstrip detector and CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × n (m, n are positive integer) array measures the energy loss Δ E- ENERGY E spectrum of their fragments, and tells the type of each fragment.
(6) using information such as quality, energy and the angles of departure of obtained outgoing fragment, breakdown products 1,2 can be calculated Momentum, rebuild B*Activation energy spectrum near nucleons cluster decay threshold.B*Excitation energy EX(B*) may be expressed as:
EX(B*)=Erel+ Q=Erel+(m1+m2-m)c2
Wherein ErelIt is the energy of relative motion, Q is that mass of system loses and converts the combination of releasing in two body burst reactions Energy. ErelIt can indicate are as follows:
In formula, μ is the reduced mass of breakage 1,2, urelIt is the speed of related movement of fragment 1 and 2, u1, u2, θ difference It is its speed and its angle.By the energy (E for measuring breakage1, E2) and its angle (θ) measurement, pass through both the above Formula can reconstruct the activation energy spectrum before the rupture of incident atoms core line.
(7) using the obtained activation energy spectrum of incident atoms core line can push away incident atoms core line inside object Matter structure.
Advantage for present invention is as follows: (1) it is with conventional apparatus structure compared simple, utilize the existing equipment in laboratory Component can assemble collocation easily, greatly reduce cost；(2) using CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × n, (m, n are Positive integer) array obtains the specific coordinate position of each fragment, and finally obtained data are more, have more generality；(3) may be used To be used to detect various atomic nucleus inner material structures, without limitation；(4) experimental result error compared with theoretical value is smaller, With accuracy and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the device of Measurement atom core inner material structure of the present invention.
In figure:
1- Parallel plate avalanche detector 2- Parallel plate avalanche detector 3- silicon detector
4- target nucleus 5- silicon microstrip detector 6-CsI crystal telescope array
Fig. 2 is to pass through12C(17C,8Li)9The reconstruct of Li reaction channel17C activation energy spectrum.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure, including two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors 1 With 2, a silicon detector 3 is housed after the Parallel plate avalanche detector 1 and 2, is equipped with one after the silicon detector 3 Target nucleus 4 is equipped with two pieces of silicon microstrip detectors 5 after the target nucleus 4, a CsI crystalline substance is housed after the silicon microstrip detector 5 Body telescope array 6.
Two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors 1 and 2 pair tie up position sensitive, accurately obtain grain in incident atoms core line The direction of the launch of son.
The silicon detector 3 is parallel with Parallel plate avalanche detector 1 and 2 and geometric center is on same straight line, quasi- Particle of each particle before target nucleus 4 in incident atoms core line is really carried out to identify.
4 material of target nucleus can be selected according to measured particle kind, and thickness can also be according to measured grain Subcategory is selected, and geometric center parallel with silicon detector 3 is every in incident atoms core line on same straight line A particle comes into full contact with target nucleus 4.
Two pieces of silicon microstrip detectors 5 are mutually perpendicular to, and can according to need adjustment at a distance from target nucleus 4 to obtain not The same angle of departure, the geometric center with target nucleus 4 is on same straight line.Obtain the spectral information of more fragments.
Described CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × n (m, n the are positive integer) array 6, not according to measurement content With can choose unit number, while it is adjustable with target nucleus 4 at a distance from, obtain three-dimensional needed for capable of covering experiment emit Angle, and geometric center parallel with target nucleus 4 is on same straight line, the convenient specific coordinate position for directly reading each fragment, no With additionally being measured again using tool.
Embodiment two:
Using device Measurement atom core inner material structure described in embodiment one, follow the steps below:
(1) according to physical target, select the atomic nucleus to be studied as incident line, into described in claim 1 one The device of kind Measurement atom core inner material structure.
(2) after selected atomic nucleus line enters two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors 1 and 2, incident atoms core can be obtained The direction of motion of each particle in line.
(3) selected atomic nucleus line, which flies out, enters silicon detector 3 after Parallel plate avalanche detector 1 and 2, can obtain energy Amount loss Δ E signal carries out particle identification of the line before target nucleus 4 in conjunction with the time of flight spectrum of particle, it is possible to authenticate go out atom Different particles in core line.
(4) with the atomic nucleus line that identifies, hit target nucleus 4, when in line certain nuclear particles and target nucleus 4 collide When, there are certain reaction probabilities, to the excitation state with conglomeration structure, burst reaction to occur by layout.The reaction process of rupture It can state are as follows: P+T → B*+ 3, B*→1+2.Wherein, P represents shell core, and T represents target nucleus, and B represents target core, and 1,2,3 3 kinds of Final-State Particles are respectively represented.
(5) breakdown products concentrate on preceding angular region, using silicon microstrip detector 5 and CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × N (m, n are positive integer) array 6 measures the energy loss Δ E- ENERGY E spectrum of their fragments, and tells the type of each fragment.
(6) using information such as quality, energy and the angles of departure of obtained outgoing fragment, breakdown products 1,2 can be calculated Momentum, rebuild B*Activation energy spectrum near nucleons cluster decay threshold.B*Excitation energy EX(B*) may be expressed as:
EX(B*)=Erel+ Q=Erel+(m1+m2-m)c2
Wherein ErelIt is the energy of relative motion, Q is that mass of system loses and converts the combination of releasing in two body burst reactions Energy. ErelIt can indicate are as follows:
In formula, μ is the reduced mass of breakage 1,2, urelIt is the speed of related movement of fragment 1 and 2, u1, u2, θ difference It is its speed and its angle.By the energy (E for measuring breakage1, E2) and its angle (θ) measurement, pass through both the above Formula can reconstruct the activation energy spectrum before the rupture of incident atoms core line.
(7) using the obtained activation energy spectrum of incident atoms core line can push away incident atoms core line inside object Matter structure.
Embodiment three:
Using the method for the device and embodiment two of embodiment one, using Be target as target nucleus, measurement17C atomic energy inner material Structure obtains17Activation energy spectrum before C rupture is as shown in Figure 2.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure, it is characterised in that: including two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors, institute One silicon detector is housed after the Parallel plate avalanche detector stated, a target nucleus, the target are housed after the silicon detector Two pieces of silicon microstrip detectors are housed after core, a CsI crystal telescope array is housed after the silicon microstrip detector.
2. a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described two The double dimension position sensitives of block Parallel plate avalanche detector.
3. a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the silicon Detector is parallel with Parallel plate avalanche detector and geometric center is on same straight line.
4. a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the target Nuclear material can be selected according to measured particle kind, and thickness can also be selected according to measured particle kind, with Silicon detector is parallel and geometric center is on same straight line.
5. a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described two Block silicon microstrip detector is mutually perpendicular to, and can cover the different angles of departure, and the geometric center with target nucleus is on same straight line.
6. a kind of device of Measurement atom core inner material structure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described CsI crystal telescope array is classified as three-dimensional multiple-unit m × n (m, n are positive integer) array, different according to the type of studied core, adjusts Whole to make it possible to cover the different angles of departure at a distance from target nucleus, and geometric center parallel with target nucleus is on same straight line.
7. a kind of method of Measurement atom core inner material structure described in claim 1, it is characterised in that according to the following steps It carries out:
(1) according to physical target, select the atomic nucleus to be studied as incident line, into a kind of spy described in claim 1 Survey the device of atomic nucleus inner material structure.
(2) after selected atomic nucleus line enters two pieces of Parallel plate avalanche detectors, the fortune of each particle in line can be obtained Dynamic direction.
(3) selected atomic nucleus line, which flies out, enters silicon detector after Parallel plate avalanche detector, can obtain energy loss Δ E Signal carries out particle identification of the line before target nucleus in conjunction with the time of flight spectrum of particle, it is possible to authenticate go out in atomic nucleus line Different particles.
(4) with the atomic nucleus line that identifies, hit target nucleus, when in incident line some particles and target nucleus collide when, have one , to the excitation state with conglomeration structure, burst reaction occurs for fixed reaction probabilities by layout.The reaction process of rupture can be stated are as follows: P+T→B*+ 3, B*→1+2.Wherein, P represents shell core, and T represents target nucleus, and B represents target core, and 1,2,3 have respectively represented 3 Kind Final-State Particles.
(5) breakdown products concentrate on preceding angular region, utilize silicon microstrip detector and CsI crystal telescope solid multiple-unit m × n (m, n For positive integer) array measures the energy loss Δ E- ENERGY E spectrum of their fragments, and tells the type of each fragment.
(6) using information such as quality, energy and the angles of departure of obtained outgoing fragment, the dynamic of breakdown products 1,2 can be calculated Amount rebuilds B*Activation energy spectrum near nucleons cluster decay threshold.B*Excitation energy EX(B*) may be expressed as:
EX(B*)=Erel+ Q=Erel+(m1+m2-m)c2
Wherein ErelIt is the energy of relative motion, Q is that mass of system loses and converts the combination energy of releasing in two body burst reactions. ErelIt can indicate are as follows:
In formula, μ is the reduced mass of breakage 1,2, urelIt is the speed of related movement of fragment 1 and 2, u1, u2, θ is it respectively Speed and its angle.By the energy (E for measuring breakage1, E2) and its angle (θ) measurement, just by both the above formula Activation energy spectrum before incoming particle rupture can be reconstructed.
(7) using the obtained activation energy spectrum of incoming particle can push away the particle inner material structure.
CN201810567737.XA 2018-05-30 2018-05-30 A kind of devices and methods therefor of Measurement atom core inner material structure Pending CN109143311A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112649832A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-04-13 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 Silicon microstrip detection system
CN113805217A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-12-17 中国原子能科学研究院 Method and system for determining number of Li-6 atomic nuclei

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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1427956A (en) * 2000-03-31 2003-07-02 爱克斯康特公司 Spectrally resolved detection of ionizing radiation
CN107219182A (en) * 2017-07-14 2017-09-29 宜昌后皇真空科技有限公司 The particle beams excites VUV visible light wave range magneto-optic to compose method of testing and system

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112649832A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-04-13 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 Silicon microstrip detection system
CN112649832B (en) * 2020-09-27 2023-02-17 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 Silicon microstrip detection system
CN113805217A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-12-17 中国原子能科学研究院 Method and system for determining number of Li-6 atomic nuclei
CN113805217B (en) * 2021-08-05 2024-05-14 中国原子能科学研究院 Method and system for determining number of Li-6 atomic nuclei

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Application publication date: 20190104