CN108549776B - Finite element optimization method for width of bottom plate roadway protection coal pillar - Google Patents
Finite element optimization method for width of bottom plate roadway protection coal pillar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a bottom plate roadway, which comprises the following steps: calling a dynamic parameterized model program, and modifying the width L of the protective coal pillar to perform finite element calculation; py, acquiring key point deformation by using a program, and calculating a total objective function U; automatically optimizing the total objective function by using a program CoalWidthOp.m; and outputting an optimization result when the optimization iterative computation meets the constraint condition of the width of the protective coal pillar, and returning to the recalculation when the optimization iterative computation does not meet the constraint condition of the width of the protective coal pillar. The method is based on the ABAQUS platform, utilizes Python language to establish dynamic parameterized models simulating different protection coal pillar widths, compiles a finite element optimization analysis and calculation program based on Matlab language, takes the minimum deformation of the roadway and the protection coal pillars as an optimization target, calculates the established dynamic parameterized models to obtain reasonable protection coal pillar sizes, improves the analysis efficiency of determining the width of the protection coal pillars of the roadway on the bottom plate by utilizing a finite element method, and can provide theoretical support for the reservation of the protection coal pillars under similar mining conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a bottom plate roadway.
Background
The reasonable protection of the width of the coal pillar is crucial to maintaining the stability of the roadway and the working face and improving the mining rate of coal resources. At present, a part of coal mines in China still adopt a traditional reserving method, namely the width of a coal pillar is determined by depending on experience, and a large-size protective coal pillar is reserved on the basis of not counting the cost generally, so that although the protective coal pillar plays a role in protecting overlying surrounding rocks and roadways, a large amount of coal resources are wasted. How to reasonably determine the width of the coal pillar by taking the resource recovery rate and the roadway stability into consideration is always the focus of attention of numerous scholars.
The method for determining the width of the reserved coal pillar by combining field actual measurement and numerical simulation is proposed by xi's rice, calculation models under 4 different coal pillar widths at 3m, 6m, 8m and 12m are respectively established, simulation research is carried out on surrounding rock stress and deformation, and reasonable suggestions are provided for the width of the reserved coal pillar of the rock-carbon well two-mine. The brevifilis bloom analyzes the deformation and damage characteristics of the coal pillars under the conditions of the coal pillars in different sections with different inclination angles and different sizes, the distribution rule of the stress around the coal pillars and the main factors influencing the stability of the coal pillars, and the reasonable size of the coal pillars in the sections for ensuring the stability of the coal pillars in the sections and the top plate of the goaf is obtained. Yan comma is to establish a calculation model of 6 schemes (the distribution of the width of the coal pillar is designed to be 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 20m) for obtaining the width of the coal pillar of a working face section of a certain mine S2106, and then research is carried out to obtain the relationship between the width of the coal pillar and the stability of the roadway. Scientifically calculating models when the width of the coal pillar is 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20m, and finally determining the 7113 return airway lane protection coal pillar width to be 6 m. The residual academic meaning adopts a numerical simulation method to respectively research the stress evolution law, the elastoplasticity area change law and the roadway deformation law of 5 kinds of roadway coal pillars with different sizes and widths of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12m under the influence of 2 mining, and simultaneously comprehensively considers factors such as safe production, resource recovery rate and the like, thereby finally determining the reasonable size of the roadway coal pillars of the large mining height double-roadway arrangement working face to be 10 m. Zhang Wen Yangyang is based on geological conditions of Hexi mineral engineering of Fenxi mining group, and through establishing FLAC3D numerical model, the damage characteristics and vertical stress distribution characteristics of surrounding rocks of coal pillars in sections with different widths are simulated and analyzed, and the size of the coal pillar in a reasonable section of the mine is determined to be 26 m. The Korean bearing strength analyzes the plastic zone variation range of 4 coal pillars with different widths through numerical simulation, and the result shows that: the damage condition of the coal pillar is greatly influenced by the width of the coal pillar, and the width of the coal pillar in a reasonable section of a Zhuang coal mine condition is obtained through analysis and is 6-8 m.
Through the analysis, the reasonable size optimization research aspect of the reserved coal pillar mainly considers two factors, namely the influence of the stability of the coal pillar and the influence of the stability of peripheral facilities (such as stoping and haulage roadways). However, when the distance between the mined coal seam and the roadway of the bottom plate is short, one factor is considered to be opposite to one surface. Meanwhile, in the finite element simulation research process, a scheme comparison method is applied more, namely, analytical models under different schemes are established, the calculation results are compared, the influence rule of the reserved coal pillar width on the roadway stability is found out, and the reasonable size is finally determined. However, problems of repetitive modeling and case selection judgment inevitably exist in the analysis process, so that the analysis efficiency is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, all schemes cannot be established in the model establishment process, so that the optimal scheme is extremely easy to ignore. Therefore, the safety stability and the economical efficiency are comprehensively considered, and the reasonable optimization method for protecting the width of the coal pillar is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a bottom plate roadway, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a bottom plate roadway, which comprises the following steps:
compiling dynamic parameterized models simulating different reserved coal pillar widths by using a standard design language Python of a large finite element software ABAQUS;
calling a dynamic parameterized model program, modifying the width L of the protective coal pillar to perform finite element calculation, and outputting a calculation result file;
acquiring key point deformation in a calculation result by using a programmed automatic reading program disp.py for the deformation of key points of the roadway and the coal pillars, and calculating a total objective function U;
automatically optimizing a total objective function by utilizing an optimization analysis program CoalWidthOp.m based on a genetic algorithm and combining a dynamic parameterization model program;
and outputting an optimization result when the optimization iterative computation meets the constraint condition of the width L of the protective coal pillar, and returning to modify the parameter of the width L of the protective coal pillar for recalculation until the constraint condition of the width L of the protective coal pillar is met when the optimization iterative computation does not meet the constraint condition of the width L of the protective coal pillar.
Further, the dynamic parameterized model comprises:
under different protection coal pillar widths L, when a dynamic parameterized model is calculated, the deformation of a bottom plate roadway and the deformation U of two sides of each coal pillar are obtainediI.e. by
Ui＝f(L)，i＝1,2,3 (1)
Wherein i is the deformation amount considered for the ith, U1For convergence and U of two sides of the tunnel2For convergence of tunnel roof and floor, U3In order to protect the coal pillar from maximum deformation.
Further, the overall objective function U includes:
in the formula: u is the overall objective function, UimaxFor protecting the maximum value of deformation, L, calculated within the set optimization range of the width L of the coal pillarmaxThe maximum value in the optimization range is set.
Further, the constraint condition for protecting the coal pillar width L includes:
Lmin≤L≤Lmax (3)
in the formula, Lmin、LmaxAnd determining the optimization range of the width of the coal pillar according to the engineering geological conditions and geological survey reports.
Further, the compilation of the optimization analysis program CoalWidthOp.m based on the genetic algorithm takes Matlab language as a platform.
In the embodiment of the invention, a finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a bottom plate roadway is provided, and compared with the prior art, the finite element optimization method has the following beneficial effects:
the method reasonably reserves the determination of the width of the coal pillar, and has important significance for protecting the safety and the stability of the working surface of the coal bed and the surrounding structures and facilities. Based on the ABAQUS platform, a parameterized variable model capable of simulating different protection coal pillar widths is established by utilizing Python language programming, a finite element optimization analysis calculation program based on Matlab language is compiled, and the established dynamic parameterized model is calculated by taking the minimum deformation of a roadway and a protection coal pillar as an optimization target to obtain a reasonable protection coal pillar size. The invention greatly improves the analysis efficiency of determining the width of the bottom plate roadway protection coal pillar by using a finite element method, and can provide theoretical support for the reservation of the protection coal pillar under similar mining conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a parameterized variable model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an interactive protected coal pillar width input window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow of optimizing the width (L) of the protective coal pillar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a columnar distribution of a formation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roadway support provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a variation rule of the total objective function value U in the optimization process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, a finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a roadway with a floor according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: a dynamic parameterized model for simulating different reserved coal pillar widths is compiled by using a standard design language Python of a large finite element software ABAQUS.
In the process of determining the reasonable coal pillar width by using a numerical simulation technology, the past researches usually establish models for different coal pillar conditions respectively to calculate, and then the final scheme is determined by comparing and analyzing results under different schemes. However, the repeated modeling process inevitably consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, and in order to solve the problem, a parameterized variable model capable of simulating different reserved coal pillar widths is automatically compiled by using a standard design language Python of a large finite element software ABAQUS as shown in fig. 1. In the figure, the width L of the coal pillar is used as a variable parameter, the change of the width L can be determined by an interactive window (such as figure 2), and when different CoalWidth is input, the L in the model is changed accordingly, so that a calculation model of the corresponding reserved coal pillar width is obtained.
Step 2: calling dynamic parameterized model program, modifying the width L of the protective coal pillar to perform finite element calculation, and outputting calculation result file.
And 3, step 3: and obtaining the key point deformation in the calculation result by utilizing the programmed automatic reading program disp.py for the key point deformation of the roadway and the coal pillar, and calculating the total objective function U.
And 4, step 4: and (3) automatically optimizing the total objective function by utilizing an optimization analysis program CoalWidthOp.m based on a genetic algorithm and combining a dynamic parameterization model program.
And 5: and outputting an optimization result when the optimization iterative computation meets the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar, and returning to modify the parameter of the width L of the protection coal pillar for recalculation until the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar is met when the optimization iterative computation does not meet the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar.
The steps 2 to 5 are specifically described as follows:
in the coal seam exploitation process, the surrounding rock of the roadway of the bottom plate is disturbed, so that the stability of the roadway is influenced, and meanwhile, when the protective coal pillar is reserved, the self stability of the protective coal pillar is the basis for ensuring the normal operation of a working face, so that the safety and stability of the coal pillar and the roadway need to be considered simultaneously when the width (L) of the protective coal pillar is optimized. Based on the principle, a dynamic multi-objective optimization program based on finite element parametric design is developed, and the basic principle is as follows: when the width of the protective coal pillar is calculated within the value range, automatically analyzing an objective function according to the calculation result, and when the objective function is extremely small, obtaining the width of the protective coal pillar as an optimal scheme.
Under different protection coal pillar widths (L), when the finite element parametric model is calculated, the deformation of the bottom plate roadway and the deformation U at two sides of the coal pillar can be obtainediI.e. by
Ui＝f(L)，i＝1,2,3 (1)
Wherein i is the deformation amount considered for the ith, U1For convergence and U of two sides of the tunnel2For convergence of tunnel roof and floor, U3In order to protect the coal pillar from maximum deformation.
As can be seen from the above formula, UiIs a function of the width (L) of the protective pillar, and as L changes, the deformation of the floor roadway and the deformation of both sides of the pillar will also change. Considering the economic principle of coal pillar setting, the coal pillar width should not be too large, so in the optimization process, the total objective function can be expressed as:
in the formula: u is the overall objective function, UimaxMaximum value of deformation calculated in order to protect the width (L) of coal pillar within the set optimization range, LmaxThe maximum value in the optimization range is set.
The constraint for the guard pillar width (L) can be expressed as:
Lmin≤L≤Lmax (3)
in the formula, Lmin、LmaxThe optimization range of the width of the coal pillar is determined according to engineering geological conditions, geological survey reports and the like. The process of protecting the optimization of the width of the coal pillar is to search a reasonable value in the value range so that the total objective function U tends to be minimum.
In order to realize the optimization method, a program (disp.py) for automatically reading the deformation of key points of the roadway and the coal pillar is compiled on the basis of a Python language, an optimization analysis program (CoalWidthOp.m) based on a genetic algorithm is compiled by taking a Matlab language as a platform, and the width of the protected coal pillar is automatically optimized by combining a dynamic parameterized model program capable of simulating different widths of the protected coal pillar.
Example (b):
the bottom plate rock stratum of the working surface of a coal mine project 42010 is mainly siltstone, a bottom plate roadway is located 26m below a coal seam, and the burial depth is 610 m. The roadway adopts a straight wall semicircular arch-shaped section, the clear width is 5000mm, the clear height is 6800mm, the roadway adopts anchor-shotcrete support, and the thickness of concrete is 200 mm. In the process of tunneling, anchor cable support parameters are phi 22mm multiplied by 7500mm, the spacing is 1200mm multiplied by 1200mm, the base plate adopts phi 22mm multiplied by 8300mm high-strength steel strand anchor cables, and the spacing is 1300mm multiplied by 1300mm respectively.
The columnar distribution of the rock strata is shown in figure 4, and the supporting section is shown in figure 5.
A parameterized variable model capable of simulating different reserved coal pillar widths is compiled by using a standard design language Python of a large finite element software ABAQUS, as shown in figure 1, and in order to reduce the boundary effect of model calculation and improve the reliability of the calculation, the height of the design model is 150m, and the width is 250 m. And horizontal constraint is applied to the boundaries of the two sides of the model, and the upper and lower boundaries are vertical constraint. The whole model is applied with dead weight stress, and meanwhile, according to the ground stress field test result, the top of the model is applied with 10.50MPa of vertical compressive stress. According to site construction planning, engineering geological conditions, geological survey reports and the like, a calculation scheme is designed to ensure that the width of the coal pillar is within the range of 20m to 60 m.
In the numerical calculation process, the mechanical properties of the rock stratum and the guniting layer are simulated by adopting a Drucker-Prager criterion, and the anchor cable is simulated by adopting a beam unit. According to the site engineering investigation data and the rock mass mechanics test report, the values of the surrounding rock and supporting structure mechanics parameters in the simulation calculation are determined and are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 surrounding rock and supporting construction mechanics parameters
According to the optimization method provided by the invention, the factors of roadway two-side convergence, top and bottom plate convergence, protection coal pillar deformation and the like are comprehensively considered, and the width of the protection coal pillar is optimized and analyzed. And (5) calling ABAQUS to carry out finite element program calculation for 126 times in the optimization process, and ending the calculation process. Finally, the protective coal pillar size was determined to be 37.65 m.
In the optimization process, the calculated value of the total objective function U in the iteration step is calculated according to the formula (2), and the change rule of the total objective function value U along with the calculation times is shown in fig. 6. It can be seen that through the first 92 iterative calculations, the optimal solution to the problem has been substantially approached, and then converged to the optimal solution as the optimization calculations continue. Finally, the optimization value yields an overall objective function U of 2.36, which is about 11% lower than the design value. Table 2 shows the comparison of the calculated results of the design value and the optimized value of the width of the protective pillars. By comparison, the width of the protective coal pillar is reduced by about 18 percent after optimization although the convergence of the two sides of the roadway and the maximum deformation of the coal pillar are slightly increased. Therefore, on the premise of considering the overall stability of the roadway and the coal pillars, the reasonable protection coal pillar size suitable for engineering construction is obtained through optimization analysis.
TABLE 2 comparison of the calculated results (unit: m) for the design value of the guard pillar width with the optimized value
In summary, the invention is based on the ABAQUS platform, the parameterized variable models simulating different protection coal pillar widths are established by utilizing Python language programming, the finite element optimization analysis calculation program based on the Matlab language is compiled, the minimum deformation of the roadway and the protection coal pillars is taken as an optimization target, the established dynamic parameterized model is calculated, the reasonable protection coal pillar size is obtained, the analysis efficiency of determining the protection coal pillar width of the roadway with the bottom plate by utilizing the finite element method is greatly improved, and meanwhile, theoretical support can be provided for the reservation of the protection coal pillars under similar mining conditions.
The above disclosure is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A finite element optimization method for protecting the width of a coal pillar in a bottom plate roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
compiling dynamic parameterized models simulating different reserved coal pillar widths by using a standard design language Python of a large finite element software ABAQUS;
calling a dynamic parameterized model program, modifying the width L of the protective coal pillar to perform finite element calculation, and outputting a calculation result file;
acquiring key point deformation in a calculation result by using a programmed automatic reading program disp.py for the deformation of key points of the roadway and the coal pillars, and calculating a total objective function U;
automatically optimizing a total objective function by utilizing an optimization analysis program CoalWidthOp.m based on a genetic algorithm and combining a dynamic parameterization model program;
outputting an optimization result when the optimization iterative computation meets the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar, and returning to modify the parameter of the width L of the protection coal pillar for recalculation until the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar is met when the optimization iterative computation does not meet the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar;
under different protection coal pillar widths L, when a dynamic parameterized model is calculated, the deformation of a bottom plate roadway and the deformation U of two sides of each coal pillar are obtainediI.e. by
Ui＝f(L)，i＝1，2，3 (1)
Wherein i is the deformation amount considered for the ith, U1For convergence and U of two sides of the tunnel2Convergence of tunnel top and bottom plates, U3To protect the maximum deformation of the coal pillar;
the total objective function U includes:
in the formula: u is the overall objective function, UimaxFor protecting the maximum value of deformation, L, calculated within the set optimization range of the width L of the coal pillarmaxThe maximum value in the optimization range is set.
2. The finite element optimization method for the width of the floor roadway protection coal pillar according to claim 1, wherein the constraint condition of the width L of the protection coal pillar comprises the following steps:
Lmin≤L≤Lmax (3)
in the formula, Lmin、LmaxAnd determining the optimization range of the width of the coal pillar according to the engineering geological conditions and geological survey reports.
3. The finite element optimization method for the width of the floor roadway protection coal pillar according to claim 1, wherein the programming of the optimization analysis program CoalWidthOp.m based on the genetic algorithm is based on Matlab language.
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