CN102591276B - Intelligent electric meter system for residents for intelligent smart grid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electric meter system for residents for an intelligent smart grid. According to the intelligent electric meter system for the residents for the intelligent smart grid, one intelligent electric meter is arranged in home of each resident, two control terminals are respectively arranged on each controlled electric appliance and each user switch, and each distributed power supply is provided with a distributed power supply access device; each control terminal and the distributed power supply access device are interconnected through a PLC (Programmable Logic Computer) communication network, and the intelligent electric meter and a high-class measuring system AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) carry out information interaction. The intelligent electric meter system is suitable for the residents having tiered pricing for electricity and time-sharing pricing for electricity, and aims at minimum electric charge expenditure of users, and is used for intelligently controlling the electric appliances and the distributed power supplies of the residents so as to realize peak clipping and valley filling of the electric charge, and provide power supply quality and power supply reliability.

Description

A kind of resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid

Technical field

The present invention relates to Smart Home, intelligent electric meter and intelligent grid field, relate in particular to the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid.

Background technology

In the intelligent grid epoch, by advanced ICT (information and communication technology), according to dispatching requirement, carry out load responding and become possibility, can solve clean energy resource and access on a large scale electrical network, all loads of power consumer particularly elastic load are no longer to drop into randomly electrical network, but in a organized way, in a planned way drop into electrical network.Referring to Yin Shugang, seedling is gentle and quiet, Bai Keming (Yin Shugang, Miao Wenjing, Bai Keming). work: quasi real time Electricity Price Strategy analysis (Discussion of quasi real-time price strategy). demand Side Management (Power DSM), 2011,13 (1): 20-23.This just requires to realize information interaction between power supply department and resident, allows power consumer initiatively participate in electricity market and electrical power services, realizes the peak load shifting of electric load, to improve power supply quality and power supply reliability.Due to resident's One's name is legion, in customer charge, 40% is elastic load, and electricity consumption selection of time surplus is large; And along with the development of distributed power source, distributed power source will go deep into huge numbers of families, therefore,, according to existing step price and tou power price, can make resident at valley power consumption, reduce peak electricity consumption, and encourage resident to access distributed power generation and energy storage device participation peak load shifting.Require resident to make the Optimal Input operational decisions to household electrical appliance according to step price and tou power price situation.If this decision-making by manually formulating, needs user to drop into larger workload, cannot realize.Requirement is made the intelligent decision to household electrical appliances and distributed power source control by intelligent electric meter, and traditional intelligence ammeter to multipotency is realized bidirectional measuring function, does not have intelligent decision function.Therefore the intelligent electric meter that, design consideration step price and tou power price realization are carried out Based Intelligent Control to household electrical appliance has great importance.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is cannot to household user, carry out charging according to step price and tou power price in order to overcome traditional intelligence ammeter; Cannot realize the Based Intelligent Control to household electrical appliances according to step price and tou power price situation, make electric cost expenditure minimum; Cannot realize the Based Intelligent Control to distributed power source according to step price and tou power price situation, make the problem that its income is the highest, the invention provides a kind of resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid, realize the peak load shifting of electric load, improve power supply quality and power supply reliability.

For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid, in each household resident's household, install an intelligent electric meter with bidirectional measuring function, at every controlled household electrical appliances and subscriber switch place, all install a control terminal, at every distributed power source place, all install a distributed power source access device, intelligent electric meter and control terminal and distributed power source access device interconnect by PLC communication network, and intelligent electric meter is also electrically connected to controlled; Intelligent electric meter and main website are interconnected by Ethernet, carry out information interaction, and control terminal and distributed power source access device are controlled with the advanced measuring system AMI of main website, monitor subscriber switch state.

Described intelligent electric meter comprises main control module, data processing module, metering module, electric parameters load module, touch screen module, memory module, real-time clock module, ethernet module, PLC communication module and RS232/485 module; Main control module is mainly responsible for communication and man-machine interface, realize the input and output of touch-screen, the storage of historical data, a month electric weight are freezed, ethernet communication, PLC communication, RS232/485 communication and real-time clock input, real-time clock module is realized the input of perpetual calendar real-time clock; Data processing module is responsible for data acquisition, digital filtering and voltage effective value, current effective value, power factor, active power and the reactive power of electric energy metrical, electricity charge calculating, electric current and voltage electric parameters and is calculated; According to step price, tou power price, controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source situation, formulate the optimum working time section decision-making of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; According to current electric parameter, formulate the protection decision-making to household electrical appliance; The result of decision is sent to main control module, by main control module, realize the optimum control to household electrical appliance.

Described main control module adopts MCF5272 chip, and data processing module adopts dsp chip and extensive field programmable logic array (FPLA) FPGA, and dsp chip is communicated by letter by DMA with MCF5272 chip chamber; Analog voltage and current signal are through analog input transformer or fly electric capacity conversion, then filtering, through one 8, select 1CMOS traffic pilot to select again, the output of traffic pilot is driven by voltage follow-up amplifier, send into 16 A/D converters at a high speed and be converted to digital quantity, the output of A/D is sent into DSP with the form of serial data stream and is processed, 128 points of every cycle sampling.

Described control terminal adopts SOC (system on a chip) MC13213, and this terminal receives by PLC communication after the break-make power command of controller, by output driving circuit MC1413, controls electromagnetic relay, controls controlled household electrical appliances break-make power supply; The state of electromagnetic relay is delivered to MC13213 after by photoisolator, realizes the break-make power supply status monitoring to controlled household electrical appliances; The temperature survey of household electrical appliances adopts digital temperature sensor DS18B20, sends into MC13213 process by serial data stream.

Described intelligent electric meter and ladder support electricity price, tou power price and a month electric weight freeze, and according to step price and tou power price information and user's power information, resident are carried out to electricity consumption electricity charge calculating.

Described intelligent electric meter obtains step price, tou power price, household electrical appliances type, household electrical appliances working times, resident to the expectation value of household electrical appliances running status, ambient temperature conditions from main website, calculate the electric cost expenditure of each time period household electrical appliances operation on the same day, get time period that electric cost expenditure is minimum as the time period of household electrical appliances operation, by intelligent electric meter, the control terminal transmission input order to household electrical appliances place by PLC communication modes, realizes the lowest coursing cost of household electrical appliances is controlled.

The profit and loss that described intelligent electric meter puts into operation according to the generated energy Computation distribution formula power supply of the step price obtaining from main website, tou power price, the subsidy of degree electricity, distributed power source operating cost and distributed power source; If profit and loss value is greater than 0, and the maximum that distributed power source meets access point allows capacity limit, by intelligent electric meter, by PLC communication modes, to the access device of corresponding distributed power source, sent and drops into order, and corresponding distributed power source is put into operation; If profit and loss value is less than 0, make distributed power source out of service.

Described household electrical appliances are in the operation power charge expenditure of each time period;

Z _a＝Z _th+Z _ad (1)

$Z_{\mathrm{th}}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S1}\mathrm{P\&Delta;t},{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ {\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S1}{\mathrm{P\&Delta;t}}_{S1}+{\mathrm{\&alpha;C}}_{S2}P(\mathrm{\&Delta;t}-{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}),{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

$Z_{\mathrm{ad}}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{t_e-t_c}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S1},t_e\&GreaterEqual;t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ \frac{t_e-t_c}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S2},t_e\&GreaterEqual;t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ \frac{24+(t_e-t_c)}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S1},t_e<t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\\ \frac{24+(t_e-t_c)}{t_i}{W}_t\mathrm{\&alpha;}{C}_{S2},t_e<t_c,{\mathrm{\&Delta;t}}_{S1}<\mathrm{\&Delta;t}\end{array}\right.---\left(\text{3}\right)$

Wherein, $C_{\mathrm{Si}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_V,& t_r\&Subset;t_V\\ C_F,& t_r\&Subset;t_F\\ C_P,& t_r\&Subset;t_P\end{array}\right.;$ $\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{C}_I/C_{\mathrm{II}},& W\&Element;W_I\\ 1,& W\&Element;W_{\mathrm{II}}\\ C_{\mathrm{III}}/C_{\mathrm{II}},& W\&Element;W_{\mathrm{III}}\end{array}\right.$

Z _aactual electric cost expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _ththeoretical electric cost expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _adfor household electrical appliances are owing to having moved in advance the needed extra electric cost expenditure of energy loss of generation; α is step price coefficient; C _s1for electric heater finishes the tou power price of time period of living in heat time; C _s2for electric heater finishes the tou power price of heat time previous time period; P is the power of household electrical appliances; Δ t is household electrical appliances operation duration; At _s1for electric heater finishes the time period of living in heat time; t _efor household electrical appliances are expected the moment of having moved; t _cthe moment of having moved for family's electric theory; t _ifor family's electro-temperature reduces or raises 1 ℃ of needed time; W _tfor the every rising of these household electrical appliances or 1 ℃ of electric energy consuming of reduction; C _siit is the tou power price of i time period; C _v, C _f, and C _pbe respectively paddy on the same day, gentle peak electricity price; t _rfor household electrical appliances interval working time; t _v, t _fand t _pbe respectively paddy, the gentle peak electricity price time period on the same day; C _i, C _iI, and C _iIIbe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level step price; W is that earlier this month is to the electric energy of current actual consumption; W _i, W _iI, and W _iIIbe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; For the household electrical appliances relevant with working time and environment temperature, electric cost expenditure calculates by formula (1); For temperature independent household electrical appliances, electric cost expenditure is pressed formula (2) and is calculated; Get household electrical appliances operation power charge and pay the final control time that the minimum time period puts into operation as these household electrical appliances; Control mode adopts power carrier PLC mode, by controlling the control terminal of household electrical appliances, realizes the input of household electrical appliances or exits operation; Control to charging electric vehicle, according to step price, tou power price, batteries of electric automobile state and the expectation value of user to rechargeable battery charged state, determine the time period of final charging, by controlling distributed power source access device, realize the input of electric automobile or exit control.

The profit and loss that distributed power source puts into operation:

Y＝W _DG(αC _S+S-R) (4)

Wherein, W _dGthe generated energy that represents distributed power source, is transferred to intelligent electric meter by distributed power source access device by PLC mode; α is step price coefficient; C _sfor tou power price; S represents the degree electricity subsidy that every degree is electric, and the AMI of these three parameter Shi You main websites is transferred to resident's intelligent electric meter by Ethernet; R is the operating cost of the every generating a kilowatt of distributed power source, comprises depreciation cost and the maintenance expense of equipment; When the operation profit and loss value Y calculating is greater than 0, represent that the operation of input distributed power source is rear profitable, can drop into distributed power source, otherwise, excision distributed power source;

The access capacity of distributed power source can not surpass the maximum of access point and allow capacity, and the input capacity of distributed power source is retrained by following formula

P _DG≤P _max (5)

Wherein, P _dGthe general power of all distributed power sources for access; P _maxfor the maximum access capacity that distributed power source access point is allowed, this parameter is obtained from main website by Ethernet.

Resident's intelligent electric meter calculates the operation profit and loss of formula (4) in real time, if profit and loss value Y is greater than 0, and meets formula (5), and input capacity is P _dGdistributed power source operation, if do not meet formula (5), input capacity is P _maxdistributed power source operation; Dropping into distributed power source operation is to adopt PLC mode to send to the access device of corresponding distributed power source the order that puts into operation by resident's intelligent electric meter, makes putting into operation of distributed power source.

For step price and tou power price, adopt following formula to carry out electricity charge calculating:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{Z}_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}\underset{d=1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}},W_M\&le;W_I\\ Z_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})+(\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_1+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1+1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}),W_I<W_M\&le;W_{\mathrm{II}}\\ Z_M=\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})+(\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_1+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1+1}{\overset{U_2-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}})\\ +\frac{C_I}{C_{\mathrm{II}}}(\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=V_2+1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2+1}{\overset{D}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_{\mathrm{Sdg}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}),W>W_{\mathrm{II}}\end{array}\right.---\left(6\right)$

Wherein, Z _mfor actual electric cost expenditure of this month; C _i, C _iI, and C _iIIbe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level step price; C _sdgit is the tou power price of the g section of d days in a month; W _dgit is the electric energy of the g section time loss of d days in a month; W _melectric weight for this month consumption; W _i, W _iI, and W _iIIbe respectively this month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; D is the number of days of this month; G is the hop count that tou power price was divided at a day; U ₁, V ₁, U ₂and V ₂be the U in a month ₁it V ₁section time and U ₂it V ₂the section time, and meet following formula:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{W}_1=\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_1-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_1}{\overset{U_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}\\ W_{\mathrm{II}}=\underset{d=1}{\overset{U_2-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{G}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}+\underset{d=U_2}{\overset{U_2}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{g=1}{\overset{V_1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{W}_{\mathrm{dg}}\end{array}\right.---\left(7\right).$

The present invention obtains step price and tou power price information by Ethernet from main website, intelligent electric meter according to electricity price information, household electrical appliances type, household electrical appliances working times, resident to conditions such as the expectation value of household electrical appliances running status, environment temperatures, calculate the electric cost expenditure of each household electrical appliances operation time period, get time period that electric cost expenditure is minimum as the time period of household electrical appliances operation.At the initial time of section working time, by power carrier (PLC) communication mode, to the control terminal of household electrical appliances, send the order that puts into operation, household electrical appliances are put into operation; When working time then, intelligent electric meter sends order out of service to the control terminal of household electrical appliances again, makes household electrical appliances out of service.Meanwhile, the profit and loss that intelligent electric meter puts into operation according to the subsidy of degree electricity, the operating cost of the every generating a kilowatt of distributed power source and the generated energy Computation distribution formula power supply of distributed power source of electricity price information, every degree electricity.If profit and loss value is greater than 0, and distributed power source meets the maximum of access point and allows capacity limit, by intelligent electric meter, by power carrier (PLC) communication mode, to the access device of corresponding distributed power source, send the order that puts into operation, corresponding distributed power source is put into operation; If profit and loss value is less than 0, make distributed power source out of service.In addition, this intelligent electric meter can be realized bidirectional measuring function and month electric weight freezing function.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is applicable to carry out the resident of step price and tou power price, the demand charge of take expenditure is minimum is target, resident's household electrical appliances and distributed power source are carried out to Based Intelligent Control, realize the peak load shifting of electric load, improve power supply quality and power supply reliability.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is intelligent electric meter control system structured flowchart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is intelligent electric meter functional block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the hardware structure diagram of intelligent electric meter of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the hardware structure diagram of control terminal of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the software flow pattern of intelligent electric meter controller of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, invention is further described.

The resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid that the present invention proposes, realizes by the following technical solutions, and its step comprises:

Be illustrated in figure 1 intelligent electric meter control system structured flowchart of the present invention.This system be take intelligent electric meter as control core, intelligent electric meter carries out information interaction by the advanced measuring system (AMI) of Ethernet and main website, from AMI, obtain step price and tou power price information, and the electric energy, the electricity charge that to AMI report of user, consume, and the operational factor such as voltage, electric current and power factor, for AMI, according to customer charge situation, determine tou power price.Intelligent electric meter is determined the optimized operation time period of controlled household electrical appliances according to step price, tou power price and controlled household electrical appliances situation, to corresponding time period during initial time, intelligent electric meter assigns to the control terminal of controlling controlled household electrical appliances the order that puts into operation by PLC communication modes, control terminal makes to control the electromagnetic relay closure of household electrical appliances, and corresponding household electrical appliances are put into operation.Simultaneously, intelligent electric meter is according to step price, tou power price, distributed power source operating cost and electricity price subsidy, the time period that the profit and loss value that Computation distribution formula power supply puts into operation is greater than 0, while arriving the initial time of corresponding time period, intelligent electric meter is assigned the distributed power source order that puts into operation by PLC communication modes to distributed power source access device, and corresponding distributed power source is put into operation.The energy calculate this month electric cost expenditure that intelligent electric meter consumes according to step price, tou power price and day part, and by Ethernet, report the AMI of main website, realize remote meter-reading function.Intelligent electric meter obtains user's voltage and current state from the secondary side of voltage transformer (VT) (PT), current transformer (CT), and rated output factor, by Ethernet, these electric parameters are reported to the AMI of main website, so that main website adjusts electric parameter in time, improve power supply quality.Meanwhile, intelligent electric meter, according to the voltage and current detecting, is realized overvoltage, overcurrent, under-voltage and earth leakage protection; during if there is corresponding fault; intelligent electric meter passes through PLC communication modes to the control terminal transmission trip signal at subscriber switch place, subscriber switch is disconnected, protection household electrical appliance.Each control terminal reports intelligent electric meter by the state of each switch by PLC line communication modes, makes intelligent electric meter can monitor the state of each switch.

Be illustrated in figure 2 intelligent electric meter functional block diagram of the present invention.Intelligent electric meter by: main control module, data processing module, metering module, analog input module, touch screen module, memory module, clock module, ethernet module, PLC communication module and RS232/485 module etc. form.Main control module is mainly responsible for communication and man-machine interface, realize the input and output of touch-screen, the storage of historical data, a month electric weight are freezed, ethernet communication, PLC communication, RS232/485 communication and real-time clock input, real-time clock module is realized the input of perpetual calendar real-time clock.Data processing module is responsible for data acquisition, digital filtering and voltage effective value, current effective value, power factor, active power and the reactive power calculating etc. of electric energy metrical, electricity charge calculating, electric current and voltage electric parameters; According to step price, tou power price, controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source situation, formulate the optimum working time section decision-making of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; According to current electric parameter, formulate the protection decision-making to household electrical appliance; The result of decision is sent to main control module, by main control module, realize the optimum control to household electrical appliance.

Be illustrated in figure 3 the hardware structure diagram of intelligent electric meter of the present invention.Master controller adopts the 32-bit embedded processor MCF5272 CVF66 of Freescale company; Data processor adopts the high integration single-chip digital signal processor ADSP-2185 of AD company, between it and master controller, by dma mode, communicates; Adopt the extensive field programmable logic array (FPLA) FPGA of a slice to realize the logic control of system; The multifunctional low power consumption computation chip MAXQ3180 that computation chip selects Maxim company to produce; The flash memory (FLASH RAM) of the static read/write memory (SRAM) of employing 256K byte, 16M byte SDRAM, 4M byte electric erasable, wherein, SDRAM is the work internal memory of master controller, SRAM is used for storing important historical data; Flash memory is for save set operation bootstrap routine, operating system, application program, DSP program, configuration file etc.In analog input channel, voltage and current signal is through analog input transformer or fly electric capacity conversion, then filtering, through one 8, select 1CMOS traffic pilot to select again, the output of traffic pilot is driven by voltage follow-up amplifier, send into 16 A/D converters at a high speed and be converted to digital quantity, the output of A/D is sent into DSP with the form of serial data stream and is processed.In order to improve sampling precision, adopt 128 points of every cycle sampling.A kind of spread spectrum transmitting-receiving communication chip SSC P300 based on power carrier that PLC interface adopts American I ntellon company to produce; Real-time clock adopts the DS1302 of U.S. DALLAS company; Ethernet interface adopts the Ethernet interface modules A X11001 of Taiwan Asix company; Touch-screen adopts the touch screen controller ADS7846 of TI company.

Be illustrated in figure 4 the hardware structure diagram of control terminal of the present invention.This control terminal adopts the SOC (system on a chip) MC13213 of Freescale company, and this terminal receives by PLC communication after the break-make power command of controller, by output driving circuit MC1413, controls electromagnetic relay, controls controlled household electrical appliances break-make power supply; The state of electromagnetic relay is delivered to MCU after by photoisolator, realizes the break-make power supply status monitoring to controlled household electrical appliances; The temperature survey of household electrical appliances adopts digital temperature sensor DS18B20, sends into MC13213 process by serial data stream.

Be illustrated in figure 5 the software flow pattern of intelligent electric meter controller of the present invention.Master routine, according to the situation of the step price, tou power price and controlled household electrical appliances and the distributed power source that obtain from main website, is determined the optimized operation time period of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source.The control terminal of corresponding household electrical appliances or distributed power source access device are sent to the corresponding command according to the optimized operation time period.Send order and adopt interrupt mode, interrupt being divided into two classes, a class is the initial interruption of section working time, and another kind of is section end interrupt working time.When the corresponding time then, enter corresponding interrupt service subroutine, control corresponding home appliance control terminal or distributed power source access device, corresponding household electrical appliances or distributed power source are dropped into or out of service.

In order to specifically describe implementer's case of resident's intelligent electric meter, take domestic, electric water heater below as example, be described in detail.The power of supposing electric heater is 2000W, and capacity is 60L, and the initial temperature of the water of electric heater is 20 ℃, and the finishing temperature after electric water heater heating is 45 ℃.Having heated the energy needing is:

Q＝cmΔT＝4.2×10 ³×60×(45-20)＝6.3×10 ⁶J＝1.75kWh (8)

The time that heating needs is:

$t=\frac{W}{P}=\frac{Q}{P}=\frac{1.75}{2}=0.875h=52.5\min ---\left(9\right)$

Suppose that user expects that the electric water heater heating deadline is 21:45, after having heated, every 4 hours, the water temperature of electric heater reduced by 1 ℃, and the energy of corresponding loss is:

ΔQ＝cmΔT＝4.2×10 ³×60×1＝2.52×10 ⁵J＝0.07kWh (10)

If of that month step price is as shown in table 1, the tou power price on the same day is as shown in table 2.If α=1, the electric heater calculating according to formula (2) is as shown in table 2 at the theoretical electric cost expenditure of each time period operation.Because if electric heater completes heating every period of tou power price end time, the extra energy consuming is minimum, so the electric water heater heating deadline is set as to the end time at corresponding tou power price, the heating initial time of electric heater is the heat time that the tou power price end time subtracts electric heater.If electric heater is fulfiled heating ahead of schedule, there is energy loss, need extra electric cost expenditure, the electric heater calculating according to formula (3) is as shown in table 2 at the extra electric cost expenditure of each time period operation.Actual electric cost expenditure when the electric heater calculating according to formula (1) moved in each time period is as shown in table 2.As shown in Table 2, it is minimum that electric heater completes heating actual expenses at 7:00, so be the initial time of running of electric heater: 7-0.875=6.125, when 6:07:30, electric heater is put into operation, and electricity charge actual expenses is 0.8434.Owing to having heated from 7:00 during user 21:45 service time, there is energy loss, the temperature of water need to be heated to above to 45 ℃, 45 ℃ of water temperature requirements while using to meet user.Therefore, need to electric heater, to heat in advance, be pre-set time:

$t^{\text{'}}=\frac{\frac{t_e-t_c}{t_i}\&times;W_t}{P}\&times;60=\frac{\frac{21.75-7}{4}\&times;0.07}{2}\&times;60=7.74375\min ---\left(11\right)$

Therefore, the actual motion of electric heater is constantly: during 6:07:30-0:07:45=5:59:45, heating is the finish time: 7:00.

Table 1 step price

Electric weight rank	Electric weight W (kWh)	Electricity price C (unit)
			I level	0-140	0.36
II level	140-270	0.6
			III level	＞270	0.9

The electric cost expenditure of table 2 tou power price and electric heater

Time	0:00-7:00	7:00-10:00	10:00-15:00	15:00-18:00	18:00-21:00	21:00-23:00	23:00-24:00
								Tou power price (unit)	0.42	0.6	0.75	0.6	0.75	0.6	0.42
Theoretical expenditure (unit)	0.735	1.05	1.3125	1.05	1.3125	1.0875	0.735
								Extraneous expense (unit)	0.1084	0.1234	0.0886	0.0394	0.0098	0	0.1599
Actual expenses (unit)	0.8434	1.1734	1.4011	1.0894	1.3223	1.0875	0.8949

Claims (5)

1. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid, it is characterized in that, in each household resident's household, install an intelligent electric meter with bidirectional measuring function, at every controlled household electrical appliances and subscriber switch place, all install a control terminal, at every distributed power source place, all install a distributed power source access device, intelligent electric meter and control terminal and distributed power source access device interconnect by PLC communication network, and intelligent electric meter is also electrically connected to controlled; Intelligent electric meter and main website are interconnected by Ethernet, carry out information interaction, and control terminal and distributed power source access device are controlled with the advanced measuring system AMI of main website, monitor subscriber switch state;

Described intelligent electric meter obtains step price, tou power price from the AMI of main website, and according to household electrical appliances type, household electrical appliances working times, resident to the expectation value of household electrical appliances running status, ambient temperature conditions, calculate the electric cost expenditure of each time period household electrical appliances operation on the same day, get time period that electric cost expenditure is minimum as the time period of household electrical appliances operation, by intelligent electric meter, the control terminal transmission input order to household electrical appliances place by PLC communication modes, realizes the control to the lowest coursing cost of household electrical appliances;

The maximum access capacity that the step price that described intelligent electric meter obtains from the AMI of main website, tou power price, the subsidy of degree electricity and distributed power source access point are allowed, and according to the generated energy of distributed power source operating cost and distributed power source, the profit and loss that Computation distribution formula power supply puts into operation; If profit and loss value is greater than 0, and distributed power source meets the maximum of access point and allows capacity limit, the access device transmission input order to corresponding distributed power source by PLC communication modes by intelligent electric meter, the distributed power source of being controlled by distributed power source access device puts into operation; If profit and loss value is less than 0, make distributed power source out of service;

Described household electrical appliances are paid at the operation power charge of each time period:

Z _a＝Z _th+Z _ad (1)

Wherein,

Z _aactual electric cost expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _ththeoretical electric cost expenditure for household electrical appliances; Z _adfor household electrical appliances are owing to having moved in advance the needed extra electric cost expenditure of energy loss of generation; α is step price coefficient; C _s1for electric heater finishes the tou power price of heat time; C _s2for electric heater finishes the tou power price of heat time previous time period; P is the power of household electrical appliances; Δ t is household electrical appliances operation duration; Δ t _s1for electric heater finishes the time period of living in heat time; t _efor household electrical appliances are expected the moment of having moved; t _cthe moment of having moved for family's electric theory; t _ifor family's electro-temperature reduces or raises 1 ℃ of needed time; W _tfor the every rising of these household electrical appliances or 1 ℃ of electric energy consuming of reduction; C _v, C _fand C _pbe respectively paddy on the same day, gentle peak electricity price; t _rfor household electrical appliances interval working time; t _v, t _fand t _pbe respectively paddy, the gentle peak electricity price time period on the same day; C _i, C _iIand C _iIIbe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level step price; W is that earlier this month is to the electric energy of current actual consumption; W _i, W _iIand W _iIIbe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; For the household electrical appliances relevant with working time and environment temperature, electric cost expenditure calculates by formula (1), (2) and (3); For temperature independent household electrical appliances, electric cost expenditure is pressed formula (2) calculating; Get household electrical appliances operation power charge and pay the final control time that the minimum time period puts into operation as these household electrical appliances; Control mode adopts power carrier PLC mode, by controlling the control terminal of household electrical appliances, realizes the input of household electrical appliances or exits operation;

The profit and loss that described distributed power source puts into operation:

Y＝W _DG(αC _S+S-R) （4）

Wherein, W _dGthe generated energy that represents distributed power source, is transferred to intelligent electric meter by distributed power source access device by PLC mode; α is step price coefficient; C _sfor tou power price; S represents the degree electricity subsidy that every degree is electric, and the AMI of these three parameter Shi You main websites is transferred to resident's intelligent electric meter by Ethernet; R is the operating cost of the every generating a kilowatt of distributed power source, comprises depreciation cost and the maintenance expense of equipment; When the operation profit and loss value Y calculating is greater than 0, represent that the operation of input distributed power source is rear profitable, can drop into distributed power source, otherwise, excision distributed power source;

The access capacity of distributed power source can not surpass the maximum of access point and allow capacity, and the input capacity of distributed power source is retrained by following formula

P _DG≤P _max （5）

Wherein, P _dGthe general power of all distributed power sources for access; P _maxfor the maximum access capacity that distributed power source access point is allowed, this parameter is obtained from the AMI of main website by Ethernet;

Resident's intelligent electric meter calculates the operation profit and loss of formula (4) in real time, if profit and loss value Y is greater than 0, and meets formula (5), and input capacity is P _dGdistributed power source operation, if do not meet formula (5), input capacity is P _maxdistributed power source operation; Dropping into distributed power source operation is to adopt PLC mode to send to the access device of corresponding distributed power source the order that puts into operation by resident's intelligent electric meter, by distributed power source access device, controls putting into operation of distributed power source;

For step price and tou power price, adopt following formula to carry out electricity charge calculating

Wherein, Z _mfor actual electric cost expenditure of this month; C _i, C _iI, and C _iIIbe respectively of that month I level, II level and III level step price; C _sdgit is the tou power price of the g section of d days in a month; W _dgit is the electric energy of the g section time loss of d days in a month; W _melectric weight for this month consumption; W _i, W _iIand W _iIIbe respectively this month I level, II level and III level ladder electric weight; D is the number of days of this month; G is the hop count that tou power price was divided at a day; U ₁, V ₁, U ₂and V ₂be the U in a month ₁it V ₁section time and U ₂it V ₂the section time, and meet following formula:

The step price obtaining according to the AMI from main website and tou power price, in conjunction with the situation of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source, determine the optimized operation time period of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; The control terminal of corresponding household electrical appliances or distributed power source access device are sent to the corresponding command according to the optimized operation time period; Send order and adopt interrupt mode, interrupt being divided into two classes, a class is the initial interruption of section working time, and another kind of is section end interrupt working time; When the corresponding time then, enter corresponding interrupt service subroutine, control corresponding home appliance control terminal or distributed power source access device, corresponding household electrical appliances or distributed power source are dropped into or out of service.

2. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described intelligent electric meter comprises main control module, data processing module, metering module, electric parameters load module, touch screen module, memory module, real-time clock module, ethernet module, PLC communication module and RS232/485 module; Main control module is mainly responsible for communication and man-machine interface, realize the input and output of touch-screen, the storage of historical data, a month electric weight are freezed, ethernet communication, PLC communication, RS232/485 communication and real-time clock input, real-time clock module is realized the input of perpetual calendar real-time clock; Data processing module is responsible for data acquisition, digital filtering and voltage effective value, current effective value, power factor, active power and the reactive power of electric energy metrical, electricity charge calculating, electric current and voltage electric parameters and is calculated; Data processing module, according to step price, tou power price, controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source situation, is formulated the optimum working time section decision-making of controlled household electrical appliances and distributed power source; Data processing module is formulated the protection decision-making to household electrical appliance according to current electric parameter, and the result of decision is sent to main control module, by main control module, realizes the optimum control to household electrical appliance.

3. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described main control module adopts MCF5272 chip, data processing module adopts dsp chip and extensive field programmable logic array (FPLA) FPGA, and dsp chip is communicated by letter by DMA with MCF5272 chip chamber; Analog voltage and current signal are through analog input transformer or fly electric capacity conversion, then filtering, through one 8, select 1CMOS traffic pilot to select again, the output of traffic pilot is driven by voltage follow-up amplifier, send into 16 A/D converters at a high speed and be converted to digital quantity, the output of A/D is sent into DSP with the form of serial data stream and is processed, 128 points of every cycle sampling.

4. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control terminal adopts SOC (system on a chip) MC13213, this terminal receives after the break-make power command of intelligent electric meter by PLC communication, by output driving circuit MC1413, control electromagnetic relay, control controlled household electrical appliances break-make power supply; The state of electromagnetic relay is delivered to MC13213 after by photoisolator, realizes the break-make power supply status monitoring to controlled household electrical appliances; The temperature survey of household electrical appliances adopts digital temperature sensor DS18B20, sends into MC13213 process by serial data stream.

5. the resident's intelligent electric meter system that is applicable to intelligent grid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described intelligent electric meter and ladder support electricity price, tou power price and a month electric weight freeze, according to step price and tou power price information and user's power information, resident is carried out to electricity consumption electricity charge calculating.

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