CA1332440C - Method and apparatus for treating malignant cells - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT
A method and apparatus for destroying or retarding growth of malignant cells and tumors using one or more coils of wire, externally applied to the body, for chosen periods, which are connected to an alternating current source to produce a low frequency sinusoidal magnetic field of desired intensity at the irradiated malignant region to be treated.

Description

- l- 1332~0 A~P~R~T~S ~R i~
.
MALIGNANT CELLS
BACRGROUND OF T~E INVENTlON
1. F;eld To Which Inveotion ~elate6 ,~ . .
5This iovention for ~edical profe~ion u6e relste6 to apparatu6 for treatment of ~aligoant cells ~n~ tumorE aDd, i~ particular, to apparatu~ for treati~g 6uch malignaDt cell~ and tumors by irrsdiatiDg ~bem ~ith eDergy from the low frequeDcy end of the electromagoetic 6pectrum r~ther than from the traditional upper higb fre~ueoc~ ~adiatio~ ther~py end of the spectrum thus subjecti~ the mal~g~aDt cell6 and tumor~
to the iDfluences of ~ u~ al ~agDetic field of ~ufficieDt magnitude, applied for ~pecific peri~ds, to di~turb them enough to ~tte~uate or terminate the uocontrolled proliferstion of abDormal cell~.

2. The Prior Art RadiatioD therapy for the treatmeDt of some of -~
the over oDe huodred differeot pre~eotly koown human cancer~ has beeo effectivel~ u~ed by the medical profession for most of this ceotury. This bombsrdmeDt from x-ray tubes or radioactive materials of upper spectrum fringe electromagoetic wave energy is credited with greatly iDcreasing the number of csncer ~egresfiioDs or cures.
~hile radiation therapy ~ay be tbe 801e ~ccepted treatmeDt for some caocers, it i6 more geDerall~ used in conjunction ~ith surgical mea6ures and chemotherap~
In spite of the loDg term u~e of this therapy, the ~echanisms by which it ~ork~ are not ~oowo. What is well known ~nd empirically c~tablished is thst 60me types of ~aligDant cells are le~s resistaDt to the destructive forces of ~-ray frequeocy radiation thao the older normal cells. Therefore, the ~alignaDt cells ~re ~ubjected to enough empirically e6tabli6hed radiation to de~troy the ~5 more 6ensitive malignant cell~ ~hile the more resi6tant ~djacent normal cell~ remain comparatively uninjured by the particular exposure. The cumulative effects of this form -~
-~` ~ ,'.
.. - ..

- 2 - 1332~4~

of energy, ho~ever, lo~er the resistance level~ o~ normal cell6 aod ~a~imum x-rsy esposure dosages re6ult. Becau~e of this, if complete regress;on of the malignant tumor beiDg irrsdiated has Dot been achieved before the maximum dosage of r~di~tion i~ reached, a grave, if oot fatal, SituatioD e~i6t~. When this ~ituation occur~, this ~therwi~e very effective therapy can DO loDger be used~ and ~rior alternatives are dangerous and questionable.
Vnfortunately, this ~itustion where ~aximum sadiatioD
erposure is reached before satisfactory regre~ion i~ quite common in especially lethal forms of sarcomas a~d carcinomas. ~ccordingly, the preseDt iDve~tion i~ directed to providing an alterDative form of treatment which ~ill ~ttain good regression or destruction of 6uch malignant cell formatioDs without the above-noted cumulative effects fouDd in conveDtional radiatioD treatmeDt.
The ~tate-of-the-art involving the u~e of magoetic fields for treatiDg ~uman tgpe ~alignancies is relatively new and Darrow. Prior to the pre6eDt iDvention, the concentration of effort regarding magDetic field effects OD maligDant cells has been with the use of permaDent ~agnet~! di~ect curre~t electromagnets and mas~ive kilogaus~ ~ ~nidir~ctio~l pul~ed elec~romagnets.
The magnet field effects ~ere first evaluated on labor~tory ~Dimals ~bich hosted hu~an caDcers. Tbe sesulSs i~dicated that killer type tumor~ progsessed clover l~ the prescnce of ~trong magnetic field~ tban similar cancers ~ot ~ubjected to the field~. SiDce the re~ult~ were ~onsidered beneficial, ~ small ~umber of people with terminal iooperable tumors were treated in BostoD, Ma~sachusett~
with unidirectional ~agnetic fields. In some cases, implanted ~agnets were used. The reports on these e~perimen~s stated that the treated patieDts lived a few weeks longer than normally expec~ed ~nd concluded that further work was justified.
The best reported re6ult6 ~ere obtained by Dr.
Reoneth A. MacLean of Ne~ York City9 who u~ed a sever~
~ ~.

~ 3 ~ 1332~
kilogauss, Yery lou frequency pulsed, unidirection field geDerating electromagnet. Dr. ~acLean treated several.
terminal patients b~ subjecting the entire body eo a bur~t of tbe large, unidirectional magnetic fields every few reconds.. The published reports indicate the patient~ l;ved months longer than they otherwise would have.
Work on the present iDveDtioo has led the -:
. ~nveDtor to believe thst one of the main reasoDs for the ~eneficial effect~ of Dr. MacLean's pulsed field technique resides in the effect~ of the leading ~od trailing ed~e~ of tbe ~agnetic pulses producing ihocks which cause~ ~ome tumbling of the magnetically responding iDtracellular elements. In additioD, the present inventor has determined that the transieDt phenomena of the ri~e snd fall periods 15 of the magoetic pulses would also gene.rate a change in the . .
nucleus to sbell biGelectric bipolar- Yoltage potential, thus causiDg additional cellular di~turbances for at least their time durations.
On the other hand, problems inherent iD Dr. -..20 NacLean'8 techDique and sbse~t in the pre~ent inveDtion are the costly massive ~ulk of the equipment used including ..
baDks of s~orage batteries and the use of.magnetic field : ~.
strengths ~ubstantiall~ above 550 gaus~. The latter may-be . ..
a problem since it has recently been est~blished that 550 25 ~auss is the thre~hold of ~or~al cell tolerance for magnetic field exposure, and that when this level is . : .:
exceeded ~ormal cell changes oc~ur, ~hich may lead to .
possible undeai~ed side effects with long term ~e.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the preseDt invention, to provide an improved ~pparatus for treating ~alignant cells and tumors.
Further, it is ~n object of this iDvention to provide a non-invasive, highly ~ersatile, compartively ~afe and effective alternative or supplementsl ~pparatus to the ~edical professioDal for treating carcinoma and sarcoma tumors with major emphasis on those ,','~ ~.
.. ,, ~ .

, - 4 - 1332~0 ~hich re6pond pDorly to exi~ting ~et~ods of treat~ent or tho6e for w~lch pre6ent ~ethod6 are llmlted due to undeslrable 61de effect6.
T~ ~chleve this and other ob~ect6, the present s lnventlon re~ldes in externally Apply~ng ~ ~lnusoidal ~agnetic field to the mallgnant cell6. Essentially, thi6 alternating magnetic fleld 16 a low freguency field te.g. below 500 Hz) having a ~ield 6trength of between 50 gau~s and ~50 gau66. By applylng 6uch a field wh~ch 10 contains and 6weep6 ~ost o~ t~e frequency component~
pre6ent in cellular pulse tra~n6 and bloelectric voltage excur6ions, lt ha6 been found that mltosis iB lnhibited or reduced ~n the malignant cells whila normal cells rema~n rel~tlvely unaffected.The essential features of the apparatus which is provided by the invention are defined in the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESC~IPTI~N OF q~lE DRAWI~GS

Embodiment6 of the lnventlon will now be described ln detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a repre6entation of a ferr~te core de~agnetizing field coil po61tloned to treat ~ cmall 20 mammary carcinoma extending lnward le~6 thsn one ~nd one-hal~ inches from the alternsting ~ield generator.
FIG. 2 16 ~ repre6entation of a dem~gnet$zing ~, field coil posit~oned to treat a l~rge mammary carcinoma ' ~' ~xtending inward les~ than four inches fro~ the ~ield'~
25 coil.
FIG. 3 i6 a ~epro6e~tation o~ two demagnetizing, field coil6 oriented to provide additlve ~agnetio fields and po6itioned to treat ~ultipl~ mallgnanclea between the peripberle6 o~ the fleld coil6. , ' FIG. ~ 16 a repr~sentatlon o~ a ~ultlple coll arra~gement ln a¢cordancQ w~th th~ pre6~nt ~nventlon to prov~de A tallored ~gnetlc ~leld ~or troatlng an elongated area. '~
FIGS. 5 to 8 ~how how the coll arr~ngement~
35 lllustr~ted ln F~GS. 1 to 4 could be applled to tumors ln ' ~, humans. ~ ' ~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF I~E INVENTION ~'' ~'' Before ~ detniled de~crlptlon 16 glven of ~ ' !,: ~ . ':, ' ' : . ' . , :

1332~0 ~::
preferred emb~dlment6, ~ brief dl~cu~6ion will be given of 60me of the princlple6 lnvolved in thi~ invention.
~ he conception of th16 lnventlon was ba~ed on a number of po6tul~te6. In particulnr, lt wa~ as6umed that S at lea6t some type6 of ~alignant cell6 would ~how more inten6e (whlle 6till slight) magnetic propertie6 than normal cell6 when placed in a 6trong magnetic fleld. It wa6 further a66umed that if pl~ced in ~ sinu60idal, demagnetizing type of magnetlc fleld, the cell elements 10 wlth 61ight ~agnetic propertie6 would ~lign themselves with the altern~ting ~agnetic line~ ~nd tend to lock them6~1ve6 ln 6ynchronlzation or re~onance wlth the alternating ~ield, provid~ng the magnetic field frequency and cellul~r ~gnetic responding element6' phy6ical 15 maneuvering capabilitie6 were ~compatlble, thu6, it was theorlzed th~t much ~tronger tumbling, 6pinning, ~nd po66ibly defitructive di6turbances would occur ~n the ambient environments of malignant human type cells than would occur to thoee of the lefis magnetic normal cell6.
In particul~r, lt appears form the lnventor'~
6tudie6 that the strong ~ltern~ting magneti¢ f~eld di6turbance6 ~everely affect, at lea6t, the second 6tep of mitosis wherein the chromatid6 ~rrange themselve6 in upper and lower equatorial pl~nes of the 6plndle, each 6pinning 25 and trying to ~lign one end with the end of an ~d~acent chromatid. A6 allgnment o~ two ad~acent ch~omatid~ ~egins to occur, the 6pinnlng ¢ontinually 610w6 down and come~ to a 6top when the two chromatid6 re~ch per~eot ~lignment.
Each chromatid then 6plit6 to ~orm the matched pair which 30 iB requlred ~or chro~oso~eQ. 8~nce all the chro~atld~ in both equatorlal planeB ~u6t complete the allgn~ent and 6pllttlng proca~s ~eXore ~lto6is can proceed, 5 lntermittently ~pplled w~e typ~ tumbllng ~orce6 whlch d$~turb ch~o~tid ~llgnment would ~nhiblt or reduce cell 35 reproductlon. Accordlngly, development of the ~nventlon proceeded on thi~; concept to obt~in clgnlricant di6tur~ance6 to ~itosi~ ln the ~allgnant cells without ::~
~dver~;ely ~Iffectlng normal cell6.

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.:

y.. ,, ~ . - ., .: . . . ... . . .

~ - 6 - 1332~0 wiln regard to t~e inventor~ theories regarding thl6 difference ln magnetic responsiveness of normal and malignant cell6, lt ~ noted that a techniqUe has recently been developed u~ing magnet~ to draw cancer cell~ from bone marrow which ha~ been extracted from the body and then return~ng the remalning healthy ~arrow to the body.
The technique rel~es on magnetlc beads wh~ch clean the ~one marrow ~fter it i6 removed from the ~ody by magnetically ~ttracting the cancerous cell~ ~nd leaving ~ehind the healthy marrow. The malignant cells had, ~n the~e med~cally documented cases, ~ctually re~ponded a~
magnetic 6ub6tances while the normal cell~ rema~ed relatively non-magnetic. This i6 considered a8 6c~entific ~nd factual support ev~ence for, ~t least, some types of cancers to one of the postulates upon which thl8 ~nvention was based.
A second postulate for the present invention is based on iDtra and intercellular - electrical characteristics as a function of cell ~ctivity. A
comparison of normal and some malignaDt cells indicates maligDant cell activity can be called vicious in inteosity and high io speed. The intracellular high ~peed is evident in the rate of mitosis and the rapidity at which the precise require~ents of each of the four ~equential steps of cell reproduction are performed. Evidence of cummulative iDtercell ~ctivity is apparent in the manDer in which these cells destroy adjacent normal cells cutting through e~en blood ~essels. The thermal activity of 8 small tumor of mammary carcinoma cells is such that hea~
generated which elevates the surface ~kin temperature by roughly two degrees. It is known`~ ~ cellular ~ct;vity is generated by ~ntracellular bioelectric voltage changes or in response to intercellular bioelectric voltage changes which exhibit pulse train spike patterns in the millisecond time regions ~ith voltage ex~u-sion swings from roughly minus eighey ~illivolts (~embran~ to nucleus) to roughly plus twenty millivolts. The cellular fluids involved are conductive solutions containing positive Potassium and Sodium ions with negative Chlorine ions which ~re exchanged during the bioelectric voltage sw;ngs. Thus, an ~nalysis :' c,... . ..
r~. - . .
5~

~- ~ 7 ~ 1332~0 by the inventor of the ri~e, fall and duration time periods of intracellular pulse traln patterns gave an indication of cellular element mo~illty. Further analysis of photographs of oscilloscope trace~ of these voltage pulse traln pattern~ (with the m~croprobe ~ctually penetrating the cell) published by the Neuropsychology ~esearch Lab., Sepulveda, cAliforn~a ~nd the Brain Research Institute, U.C.L.A. ~nd~cated many cells can complete ~n ~ction cy~le in two ~illiseconds or at ~ five hundred hertz freguency. Thus, it appear6 tbat the malignant cellular elements wh$ch have ~tronger magnetic 6ubstance ch~racter$6tics than normal cells would bQ
d~6turbed f~om their ~natural rhythms by a Etrong low frequency' 'sinusoidal~-magnet~C fleld while the natural' rhythm of normal cells remains relatively unaffected. In addition, the magnetic flux lines cutting through the conductive ionic celluIar fluids would generate an alternating voltage which should disturb ion transfer, part~cularly on the highly active mallgnant cell~.' Accordingly, from the above discussion, it can be seen that a number of factors exi~t ~hich appear to explain ~hy the application of a strong, low-frequency sinusol~al magnetic field have brought about regression or~
destruction of malignant cells without injuring normal' cells. It should be noted ~t this point that the above-discussed postulates are the inventor'~ theories as to why the present invention, which will be described hereinafter~
works ~uccessfully in the experiments conducted. The~ are offered here solely to assis~ in u~derstanding the invention since, as will be shown~ malignant cells treated in sccordance with tbe present'i~vention certainly do seem to have mitosis ~ignificantly disturbed whereas the functioning of normal cells remains relatively uoaffected.
Thus, the malig~an~ cells seem to respond to the strong low-frequency'~sinusoidal magnetic fields as would be expected under the inventor's theories. However, it may be that disturbances other than those theorized above are actually caused by the alternating magnetic field to bring ~' r. , . ~ , . ' . ' . . ' ~ ~ ; ' ' - 8 - 1332~9 - ` about or at least contribute to the desired results which the inventor hac achieved. Accordingly, the present invention i8 not intended to be lim~ted te these theories since, as i~ often the case, signif~cant practical re~ults can be obtained and utilized by practicing certain methods without fully understanding ~11 of the physical reasons as to exactly why the techniques ~re ~uccessful.
Turning now to a description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, a first embodiment for treatment of a carcinoma near the skin surface is ~hown in FIG. 1. In particulnr, a ferrite core demagnetizing field coil ~fihown in FIG. 1) is positioned over the lump 15 on the breast surface cau~ed by the previously medically l~planted small carcinoma tumor 14 in 15 a female animal breast 13. This coil 11 receives alternating current power through terminals 12 from ad~ustable A.C. source 10. The frequency components contained in readily available 50 or 60 hertz sinusoidal power lines remarkably cover the range of transcient 20 phenomena fre~uency components contained in the previously mentioned cellular generated pul~e trains. ~he sinusoidal power line waves contain most o~ the hlgh ~requency (6hort time) components of the cellular pulse trains below the half power point (.707 of peak value) ~nd most of the low 25 ~requency (long time) components of the cellular pul~e train between the half power point~ and peak value. ~hus, a conventional Variac or Powerstat plugged into a 50 or 60 ~z power line m~k~s a ~uitable ad~u~table A.C. ~ource 10 after initial calibration with the particular coil 11 30 being used. The resulting alternating magnetic field B
will cont~in the desired sweep frequency component characteristics to irradiate the carcinoma tumor 14 with an alternating magnetic field B o~ at least 50 gauss which i~ roughly the minimum field ~trength threshold level 35 which, when ~pplied for at least five minutes a day produced b~neficial results. The preferred rleld strengths at the tumor are 150 to 250 gauss applied for at least 15 minutes a day. The ad~ustment of the variable 9 l332~4a power 60urce lo is determined by the tumor ~ize, its innermo~t depth ~nd spacial characteri~tics of the magnetlc ~leld ~, determined by the particular c~il 11 being used. ~or example, if the area of the carcinoma 5 tumor 14 ~6 roughly O.s inches in dl~meter with lts farthest point from the fleld generator 11 being one and one half inches, ~nd if the coil 11 i8 6imilar to a modified (for duty cycle ~nd ~afety reasons) bulk tape era~er, 6uch ~s Reali6tic #44-232, then the ad~ustable 10 power 60urce 10 would be at full line voltage with the coil 11 draw~ng its maximum o~ 4 amperes. The cpacial characterictics of field B had been determined previously by ~ovlng the probe of ~ convent~onal A.C. Gaussmeter through the field B and plottinq the field ~trengths as a function of dl6tance from the coil 11~ Under these conditions, the one and one-h~ nch edge of the malignant tumor 14 i~ at the 120 gauss point, well above the 50 gauss minimum, and the 6urface normal cell~ are at lower than the 550 gauss level, ~bove which changes in 20 normal cell~ have been reported. Thus, tb8 conditions are ~ust barely within the desired parameter limits to ~chieve the ~i~s of thi6 invention. If the edge of the 6ame tumor 14 was .75 inches from the surface, then the ad~ustable power 60urce ~hould be set ~t ~lightly ~bove the one-half power (2 ~mp) le~el to place th~ edge at the preferred 150 g~ua~ l~vel.
It ~as noted ~hile work was in progress on this inveDtion, that caDcers which re~ponded to conventional radiation therapy also responded to magnetic field irradition and without the usual radiacti~ity caused s;de effects, when.the roughly 50 gauss minimum was exceeded snd particularly well fibove the prefered 15~ gauss level. The 550 gauss ~axi~um mentioned is iD the interests of conservativeness and ~afety~
Thus, higher gauss levels could be used, but this might bring about other undesired affects on normal cells.
The system described in FIG. 1 is directed to~ard the treatment of relat;vely small areas which are ~ .

~- .. - .- .. .. . . ~ .

- 10- 1332~a~0 . .
contained between the ~kin ~urface 20d a particular coil design which has limited field depths. The Realistic ~44-232 coil described previously is ooly one example of ~uch a coil, and it must be poiDted out that the Realistic #44-232 waæ modified not oDly to improve its intermittent duty limitations but primarily to eliminate the potentially very dangerous 1,500 gauss to 600 gauss field density gradient contained in the area abutting the coil base and extending outward roughly 3/8 of an inch. In this segion, nonmagnetic materials such as copper and aluminum vibrzte appreciably (even a penny or handful of coins) and quickly become eddy-current heated. Thus, attempts to treat basal cell and ~quam~us cell carcinomas, commonly k~owD as ~kin caocers, with a readily available, small, hand held tape eraser without safety modifications could result in a Dumber of serious problems. Specifically if plugged directly into line power and held against a lesion on the cheek without any protective measures the high density field created by the Realistic #44-232 coil will shake adjacent metallic fillings in teeth and may generate enough heat and thermal expansion in large fillings to crack teeth. In a similar manner if held on the chest over an implanted pacemaker or pacemaker wires, very probable catastrophic pacemaker failure may result. In general, it 25 ~ay be said that very high density ~lternating magnetic fields usually ~ause undesîred vibrations, of varying degrees, in implanted metallic structures which are classified as Donmagnetic snd always generate eddy current temperature elevation which may have serious consequences.
It should be emphasized thst the combination of the common beliefs that all magnetic fields are safe~ that all nonmagnetic materials are always nonmagnetic and the innocent appearance of a small hand held demagnetizer, such as the Realistic $44-232 coil which in reality, generates insidiously high density magnetic field areas, can have ~erious, if not fatal, consequences.

....... .. . ......... . . ...... .. . ... .

?^:~

-1332~40 Accordingly, if a coil such as the Realistic #44-232 coil having a strong localized field (i.e., well over 500 gauss) at its immediate coil base is used, an appropriate spacer (in this case approximately 3/8 of an inch) should be insertd between the coil base and the skin to prevent injury. This will serve to limit the field actually reaching the skin and the tumor to the desired range of 50 to 650 gauss (or more preferably to 150-250 gauss). Of course, an alternate to this is to utilize a coil having a sufficiently strong field without the highly localized field of the Realistic #44-232 coil, such as a peripheral edge of one of the larger circular coils to be described in FIG. 2. Such circular coils, each coil essentially being a gathering of concentric insulated wire turns with a few equal and most with slightly varying radii, which become self-supporting when the gathering is held together in a wrapper made of an overlapping spiral of tape, provide a more uniform and deeper field without strong localization, and therefore, are generally preferable. ~

~ ;.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention, directed toward the treatment of larger and~or more distant tumors 14 than thoqe discussed for FIG. 1. The air core circular wound demagnetizing field coil 11 is positioned around the malignant areas or may be moved outward to place the approximate center of the tumor 14 on the imaginary center of the coil 11. If coil 11 is an RCA #205W1 Degausser which is fed through terminals 12 from adjustable power source 10 then at full line voltage, coil 11 draws 3 amperes and a spacial characteristic analysis of the magnetic field (as 1 3 3 2 4 ~ 0 ~: `

previously described for FIG. 1) indicated a tumor 14 or tumors 14A contained in an imaginary spheroid (envelope) bounded by the 12 inch diameter of the coil 11 and extending slightly more than 4 inches in both directions of the field 14 axies would be irradiated with the preferred field strengths to achieve desired results and in a relatively uniform field. In practice, a single .~:
RCA #205W1 acting as coil 11 requires air cooling supplied by a fan, not shown, when operating at full power for the required .`~
periods. For this reason, two such coils taped together and wired in series, ~ .

- ~.. -X . ' `, " ' : - 12- 1332~4~

field additive provide more efficient heat di~sipation ~ince each co~l draws one amp to produce roughly the ~ame field ~5 a ~ingle coil operating at 3 ~mps. The low cost 12 lnch diameter coil 11 wa6 6elected for convenience and 6uitab~lity for the ~pplication described. It ~hould be noted that other coils nnd combination~ are m~re effective for certain particular situation~, a6 di~cussed in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 6hows an embod~ment of the lnvention directed toward the treatment of widely 6eparated multipl~ .
tumors (as in metastasis)~ In FIG. 3, tumor 14B is near the coll 11, tumor }4 i5 deep in the center ~nd tumor 14A
i6 near the coll llA. Since these ~re totally contained within the cylindrical volume between two lnch coil6, coil 11 po~itioned on the front of the treated ~rea and coil llA placed on the back, can be 6imilar to coil 11 as described in ~IG. 2. The coil6 11 ~nd ~lA ~re oriented to be field addit~ve ~nd function electromagnetically ~6 two halves of one coil. Therefore, a very uniform ~agnetic-f~eld B with 6mall density var~atlon~ i6 generated within the cylindrical volume between the coil~ nd llA when the power through terminal~.12 i~ 6upplied from power 60urce 10. ~owever, since coll~ 11 and llA are phy~ically two advant~geously d~Sferent coils, they ~an be ind~p~ndently ~oved or of~et ~ ~hown in the dotted portlons o~ FIG. 3. coll 11 h~s been moved upward and co~l llA downward to produce ~ skewed ~agnetic field. In pract~ce coil 11 could ha~e a 12 inch diameter and coil llA a ~m~ller or larger di~eter to produce a ~rustroconical field, lf 6uch a ~ield were deslred.
FIG. 4 is a representation of a plurality of 6ubstantially air core coils 11, llA, llB, llC, arranged to generate sn elongated ~lternsting magnetic field. The coils are individually positioned by gooseneck type holders, not shown, and thus supported to generate the particular desired magnetic field patterns. In this manner, a wide variety of unique magnetic patterns with ~ ." " . . . . . .

! ',' : -: :

,,. . ~ .-- 13 - 1 ~ 3 2 ~ 0 relatlvely uniform or variable densitie6 become possible.
Thi6 method in conjunction with the prevlou61y discussed methods of magnetic field generation, may be particularly useful in the treatment of lymphosarcoma ti6sue.
5 Lymphosarcoma is a disease which ~ay 6tart in-any organ in a body, including any lymph node. The di6ease then spreads to other areas via blood or lymphatic channels.
When bone marrow i8 pr~marily involved the elongated magnetic field technique ~di6cu~sea in FIG. ~ -i5 10 particularly applicable. ;, The 'professional medical environment in the United States dictates that new methods for treatment of c~ncers undergo e~tensive animal evaluatioo prior to clinical evaluation on huma~s at specifically approved ~edical recearch centers. Accordingly, implementation of this i~vention waæ performed by treating hum~n-cancer~
implanted into pure bred Sprague-Dawley white, rats and research grade mice as hosts. All animals were mai~tained up,d,,er ,hi,ghly controlled ,labo,ratory,- conditions, such as ~'~
housed in a ~anitary, air conditioned room, properly fed and watered ,and all autopsies were performed by 8 certified pathologist. It i8 generally coDsiderd that what happens `
iD the ~elected laboratory rats and mice in ~ne day will '',~" ,~
correspond to similar human ~e~ction i~ roughly 35 days. ,~
25 ?herefore, one 8ignlficant ~dv~ntage of using such test , '~
specimens is that the test results ;can be obtained much more quickly ~nd with more valid conclusions'than is ;,,, ' possible with human testiDg.'' ' ' ~'"' ' , .~ wide vnriety of tests were conducted u~ing the 30 sinusoidal magnetic fields with 6trudture ~uch a8 descrlbed ` ~
~n FIGS. 1 and 2 uslng fleld 6trQngth~ between 25 ~nd 550 ~ -, gau~s. In particular, tbe5e~te~ts wer~ carr~ed out on rats ,',;
and mlce implanted with elther hu~an Ly~phosarcoma~ (Walker ,',, Strain) mammary Carcinomas''or Gardner tumor~ ~esting was ',,i ' -35 always conducted ~uch that trea~meAt began when the 6pecimen had entered what wa6 considered by Dr. Jasper ChenSee, a ' certified pathologist, to be n terminal stage. Each test -' ' ' , ,:: . . : . . , ~ .. . .

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group was divided 60 that ~alf the ~peci~ens were treated while the other half remained untreated. Although many tests were conducted, only the particularly 6ignificant result6 will be 6et forth herein to illu6trate the ~ain 5 advantages of the present invention.
Beginning with the testi~g of the mammary carcinomas, it should first be p~inted ou~ that breast ~ ;~
carcinoma is the most common malignaocy among women and has the highest fatality rate of all cancers affecting women 10~ throughout ~he world, and, correspondingly, one of the major aress of importance for treating cancer. For these tests, Walker Strain Carcinoma tumors were implanted in the breast of youDg adult female Sprague Dawley rats. After eight days, small tumors could be seen. After 10 more lS days, the tumors had developed to the ~cute stage and, in some cases, had iDcreased the body size by alm~st SO
percent. Treatment was then begun.
Follo~ing the beginning of treatment, it was found that the uDtreated rats died within 10-12 days. On the~other hànd, ~hen treated groups Gf r~ts were sub~ecte;d to sinusoidal field strengths of 50 to 75 gauss for five minutes per day, 25 percent of the specimen$ had complet;e regressions within the same 10-12 day period. Also, the remaining specimen showed significant reduction in tumor 25 ;sizes during that period. Increasing the time to 15 minutes per day did not significantly imprové upon these results.
More significantly, when specimen were subjected to field strengths of 150 to 250 gauss, it was found that approximately 80 percent of the test specimens had complete regression within the 10-~2 day period. Test were conducted in the field duration time between five minutes per day and 15 minutes per day of exposure, and, the ~ain difference that was found was~that ~hen the~
~pecimen were exposed to a longer period of time, regression generally occurred at a faster rate. In any event, it can be seen that the Walker Strain mammary - 15 - 13324~ `

carcinoma is apparently one type of cancer which appears to be quite responsive to magnetic treatment in accordance with the present invention.
Turning now to the Lymphosarcoma testing, the initial tests were conducted at 2~ gauss for a minimum of five minutes per day. Based on this testing, minimal improvements iD the order of improvements previously found iD D.C. magnetic field treat~ent was found. For example, of 2 test sample of 18 rats, the nine treated rats lived, on the average, half a day longer than the nine untreated rats (noting that the untreated rats died within five to i6even days). This half day improvement only corresponds to approximately two weeks in humans. Thus, the results are of limited significance. Increasing the time period of exposure to 15 minutes per day brought about no significant improvement on these results.
On the other hand, when the dosage increased to 50 to 75 gauss for five minutes per day, a considerble improvement was noted in the rats having lymphosarcoma.
Specifically, although the untreated rats died within five to seven days, the treated specimen lived between 28 and 31 days. In each case, the rats remained mobile until their last two or three days. Thus, the treated specimens generally had close to a full month of mobile existence ~hereas the untreated rats gener~lly had less than one week. This difference corresponds to approximately two years of a human'~ lifetime which is, obviously, a significant improvement.
Finally, tests were made with the Gardner tumor, ~0 which, like Lymphosarcoma, i6 an extremely lethal tumor which is generally considered to be incurable when it becomes malignant in the colon and has invaded the glandular sy~tem, progres~ively destroying these organs (as Adenocarcinoma). Although, unlike the Walker Strain mammary carcinomas no complete regressions were obtained, as was the case with Lymphosarcoma, application of the techniques to the present invention did bring about a :

,r~
- 16- 1332~40 significant lengthening of the lifetime of the test specimens. Specifically, testing began with 50 to 75 gauss dosages for five minutes per day. Under these conditions, the treated mice lived between 21 and 23 days 5 longer than the untreated mice (which died within 5 to 6 days after the beginning of testing). Thus, an extension of the lifetime on the order of tWD years in human terms were also obtalned. Testing then continued within another group of mice being sub~ected to 150 to 550 gauss for 15 10 minutes per day. Under these conditions, substantially the same results were obtained as for testing five minutes per day using 50 to 75 gauss.
Although the present invention has been discussed with regard to testing on three particular types of cancer, the present invention i5 not intended to be llmited to this 6ince it ls believed that a variety of other cancers are likely to respond to such treatment to varying extent. As can be 6een from the above examples, the treatment was especially benefic~al with the Walker Strain mammary CarcinomA~ cince it led to complete regressions within a ma~ority of the test ~pecimen. On the other hand, although it did not bring about complete regressions in ~pecimens having Lymphosarcoma or Gardner tumor, it did at least add significantly to the lifetime o~ the test opecimens which otherwise died very quickly from these types o~ cancer. It i8 believed that, with ~urther testing, it i6 likely that a number o~ other cAncers will be found to reEpond to the treatment in accordanc~ with the present inventlon under medical 30 ~upervision, either alone or in con~unction with other forms of treatment, to either increase the active lifetime of the patient~ or, in ~ome cases, bring about eo~plete regres~ion~.
Al~o, although the present invention has been 35 discussed in terms of using line freguencies of 50 to 60 ~z, higher frequencie~ could be used lf desired. As noted earlier, the cells themselves have a certain cellular .. ... . . --- 17 - 13324~0 communicating frequency. Therefore, A5 long as freguencies used for trsatment covering a majority of the high and low frequency components of the cellular communi-cating frequency, beneficial results are likely.
Therefore, it would appear that at least generally ~requencies up to 500 Hz, or even higher frequencies, would provide 60me beneficial results. However, because of its ready availability and the fact that it does cover mo6t cellular frequency components very well, ~tandard A.C. line frequencie6 of 50 or 60 Hz are used in the preferred embodiment6 of the present invention.
It should be clearly atated and emphasized, at this time, that the unique characterist~ a5 ~nd 6tartling (at lea6t in thi6 work) end results of the alternating 15 electromagnetic ~ields described herein, cannot be eguated in practice, to tho~e of unidirectlonal permanent or pul~ating magnets. Nor can conventional instrumentation (generally developed prior to about 1950) normally u6ed to measure magnetic field strength~ (nl60 called flux density, 20 fiel~ intenslty or llne~ o~ ~orco) o~ unidirectional ~lelds be u6ed to determine the field strength6 of the alternating ~inusoidal electromagnetic field6 u6ed in this invention.
The probe o~ a conventional flux density meter, when placed in a static magnetic field, me~sures the force 25 exerted on a unit pole and di6plays the output as Oersteds, Maxwells, or Gauss, which are e~uivalent units. This type of field i8 in a guie6cent state. Thus, the average and pea~ readings are nlways ~gu~l, ln any particular spot in the field. In addition, since the field tran~fer6 or 30 expends no net energy to stationary conductor6 or conducting ~luid6 expo6ed to the ~ield, no Eddy (al60 called Foucault) currents are generated. The published concensu6 of medical opinion~ indicates that exposure of humans or animals to thi~ type of field, a~ strong as 20 kilogauss, for periods 35 of a few minutes, produces no ill effects, other than a metallic ta~te ln th~ mouths of people with metallic fillings and mild vertigo and nausea, in about a quarter of < - 18 - 1 3 3 2 4 4 ~

the cases of people exposed for longer periods of time. The most recently publi6hed medical study concluded that long period exposure to 6tatic magnetic field~ of above 550 gauss produced changes in normal living cells but did not estab-lish whether the change was beneficial or har~ful.
When the probe of the conventional flux meter isplaced in a unidirectional pulsating field, the pressure actlng on the unit pole swings from zero to a maximum with a return to zero, then the cycle repeats. The forces acting on the unit pole are nlways in the same direction and displayQd as the numerical averagQ of duty cycle times flux density (duri~g power on intervals). ~eak flux density is determined by multiplying the raciprocal of duty cycle and average flux den~ity. Accuracy i6 assured by calibrating the meter with a "standard" magnet.
Eddy currents generated in conductors or conductive solutions expo~ed to pul~ating magnetic ~ields cause virtually no sa~ety, vibrat~on, or thermal problems because they are unidirectional and exist only during the driving power transition (rise and ~all ti~es) periods when small amounts o~ energy~ are transferred to conductors in the field which gen2rate the Eddy currents, which then, in turn, generate reiatively small amounts of heat.
Technical report~ ba~ed on work with 6mall numbers of people state that no ill-effects have been observed in people exposed to up to ten kllogau6~ ~ields or pul6es for short periods o~ time.
Wh~n the probe of ~ oonventional flux meter is placed in an ~lternating electromagnetic field, the probe output is zero because th~ force exerted on the unit pole during the positive half of the cycle i8 completely negated by the force exerted during the negative portion of the cycle and the to-and-fro numerical average i5 always zero, regardless of field flux density or ~ield freguency. Thus, the unigue characteristics of the con6tantly changing and sinuaoldally rever~ing electromagnQtic ~ield6 require special handling of the cla~sical 19th century .... .
,q,,) , ... ,_ .. , ~ ., ~ , . . . ..

- 19- 1332~40 unidirectisnal ~agnetic field definition6 of Oer6ted, and Gauss.
Moving magnetic ~ields transfer energy as electrical power to stationary conductor~ as a direct 5 function of flux density. ~herefore, 6mall calibrated pick-up coils (operating below their saturation level6) were used to determine the average flux densitie6 contained in the spacial geometry occupied by the ~oil by reading the induced voltage and/ox current in the coil. Oscilloscope 10 presentations of the induced voltages are also used to determine the fr~quency components oontained in and gwept by the magnetic flux excur~ions.
Prior to the late l9SO~s there were no commercially availabls single instruments capable of ~easuring field 15 ~trengths and determining profiles of both unidirectional alternating magnetic fields.
The numerou~ breakthroughs in sèmiconductor technology in th~ 1950'6 changed this Bituation.
A new "Hall Effact" probe which essentially 20 consisted of a (tiny) thin wafer Or ~emiconductor material with, ~ack-to-back, diodes was developed. When placed in a magnetic field, its output voltage i~ proportional to a current pas~ing through it times the f~eld flux den~ity perpendicular to it.
The resultant in6trument was called a "Gaussmeter"
by its manufacturer and readout iB ~ot in Oersteds or Maxwells but rather in Gauss.
The instru~ent is calibrated with ~ "6tandard"
static field magnet of lOOO gauss. It eguate~ force on a 30 unit pole to a voltage, then roads directly proportional voltage~. Thus, it one-~tep pedigrees back to classical physics for 6tandardization.
When placed in an altern~ting magnetic field, the initial a.c. voltage g~nerated in the probe by the 35 alternating ~lux line~ of ~orce, is full wave rectlfied and the root-mean-square ~verage voltage value (.707 of peak) iB
used to determine the field ~trength at the small area . .

. .. . .. ..

-~ - 20 - 1 3 3 2 ~4 0 occupled by the probe tip. Thus, ~ore preci6ion ~i.e. ~ccur~cy nnd repeatability) t~an previously possible, 16 ~,chleved.
~hi6 is the ~ethod used, w~th companion terms, to describe the flelds u~,ed in this inventlon.
A pick-up coil nttached to an a.c. voltmeter may be used for ~ield monitoring and routine field ~et-up, lf lt is initially calibrated to correlate with a Hall-effect probe Gau6smeter.
The uniquenes6 of th'e chnracteri6tic of the alternatlng ~agnetic flsld~ described herein ~nd thelr influence6 on magnetic, parnmagnetic ~aterial 6uch as alumlnum, and conductlve flu$d6, are such that ~ complete ~eparation i6 neces6ary from generally conceived ~magnetic field" phenomena. For exa~ple, the general conceptions are, when placed in "magnetic flelds" (1) ferro~agnetic material i6 attracted and becomes a Dagnet it6elf; (2) paramagnetic ~aterial 6uch a6 alu~inum' or copper do v~rtually nothing;

(3) paramagnetic conducting fluid6 ~u6t polarize ~nd do noth~ng el6e~'and (4) a compa~s needle point6 to the north pole and remain6 so.i~de~initely until the compa~s ~6 moved.
~ he actual scientific fact6, however, are that, when placed'in the ~magnet~c ~ield6~ o~ th$s invention:
(1) Ferromagnetic ~ater$~1s atte~pt to al~gn t~emselve6 with the changing and rever6ing line o~ force, thus 6mall ob~ects tumble and ghake violently whereas, large ~,terlal6 vibr~te with violence and ln add~tion, the materials beco~e heated by the lnductlvely generated Eddy currents. The material6 also ~ecome demagnetlzed. Thi6 i6.
the oppo~ite of the above.
! ( 2) Aluminum or copper do ~ot do virtually nothing. ~hey act ln6tead a~ co~ductor6 ln a moving gnetio f~eld and as short-clrculted turns ln the oecondary of a tr~n6former. Thu6, the gener~,ted voltage6 and Eddy current reaction6 to the ~oving field re6ult in 6evere material ~ibration ~nd temper~ture elevation. Energy i6 transferred, ~b~orbed ~nd expended.

- 21 - 1~32~40 :`~
(3) In parsmagnetic conducting fluids small voltages and Eddy currents are similarly generated. These result in stirring type fluid motion and temperature elevation.

(4) A compa6s needle would not become ~uiescent and point to the N pole, it would instead guickly become demagnetized, while shaking and vibrating violently, in three axes even after complete destruction as a compass.
The examples presented are intended to show that the conclusions and opinions in published reports under the general heading "Biomagnetic (or Bioelectric Effects of Magnetic Fields)" relate only to the static or pulsed fields which the authors used and are invalid and not applicable to the alternatlng electromagnetic fields used in this disclosure.
The influences on objects subjected to static or pulsed unidirectional fields are very similar, the only differences being in the leading and trailing edge transient phenomena, whereas the sa~e ob~ects sub~ected to sinusoidal alternating field influences prod~ce such different results and reactions, as the previous examples indicate that there can be no reconciliation or equating of the results of di~erent field influences on paramagnetic substances including those in living tissue and cells, both normal and malignant.
The above discussion has related to the application of the invention to laboratory test animals on which tests were conducted by the inventor, assi~ted by Mr. Leonard Pietruszyski for the carcinoma and lymphosarcoma phase of reduction-to-practice and Mr. William Jaquis for the malignant Gardner tumor (adenocarcinoma) segment.
Dr. Jasper ChenSee performed the pathology functions.
It should al60 be noted that the end results of this invention range from startling and unbelievable as in 35 the cases of breast carcinomas where complete regressions occurred (even to regrowth of the hair on the animals), to disappointing as in the cases of the other malignancies.
, ,.-.: :
....
. . ... , . .. ... . .-- . . . .

- 22 - 1332 ~40 The only benefits achieved on the latter were a retarding of disease progress, which still terminated in death.
Autopsies showed a companion range. Those conducted on sacrificed regressed carcinoma animals indicated normal vital organs and glandular systems, whereas autopsies conducted on expired animals with the other malignances indicated di6eased organs in varying degrees and were therefore inconclusive.
FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 illustrate how the various coil arrangements of FIGS. l, 2, 3 and 4 could be applied to cancers in human patients. Specifically, FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate treatment of breast tumors, FIG. 7 illustrates treatment of deep seated tumors inside the chèst, and FIG. 8 illustrates treatment along a leg.
It is to be understood that the above-identified arrangements are simply illustrative of the application of the principles of this invention. Numerous other arrangements may be readily devised by those skilled in the art which embody the principles of the invention and fall within its opirit and scope.
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., ~ .

Claims (5)

1. Apparatus for treating malignant cells in living tissue, comprising; a toroidal shaped air core demagnetizing coil connected to a low frequency sinusoidal energizing source to generate substantially spheroid shaped alternating magnetic field patterns, positioned to encompass and irradiate a malignant cell volume with a said field flux density of between 50 to 550 RMS (average) gauss.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1; with a said field flux range of 150 to 250 said gauss throughout the said malignancy cell volume area.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim l; wherein a plurality of said toroidal shaped coils are adjacently oriented, substantially parallel to each other to function with electromagnetic equivalence to a continuous-space occupying cylindrical walled coil, with said toroidal shaped coils operating as parts of said cylindrical walled coil to produce readily changeable magnetic field patterns to accomodate large, deep, multiple and/or elongated malignant cell volumes.

4. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein; said coils of said plurality have individual power input terminals, which results in multipoint power inputs.

5. Apparatus for treating malignant cells in living tissue comprising; a demagnetizing magnetic field coil, connected to a continuous duty sinusoidal energizing source, with said field coil containing a ferro-magnetic core to concentrate, compress and selectively direct the magnetic field to encompass and irradiate a malignant cell volume within its shallow effective range with a field flux density of between 50 to 550 RMS (average) gauss.