Isotopen van uranium
Het chemisch element uranium (U), met een atoommassa van 238,02891(3) u, bezit geen stabiele isotopen en wordt dus geclassificeerd als radioactief element.
In de natuur komen sporen van de radio-isotopen 234U en 235U voor. De isotoop 238U, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 4,6 miljard jaar, komt echter het meest voor: de natuurlijke abundantie bedraagt 99,27%.
De kortstlevende isotoop van uranium is 220U, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 60 nanoseconden. De langstlevende is 238U, met een halfwaardetijd van 4,468 miljard jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 217U | 92 | 125 | 217,02437(9) | 26(14) ms | 1/2− | ||||
| 218U | 92 | 126 | 218,02354(3) | 6(5) ms | α | 214Th | 0+ | ||
| 219U | 92 | 127 | 219,02492(6) | 55(25) ms | α | 215Th | 9/2+ | ||
| 220U | 92 | 128 | 220,02472(22) | 60 ns | α | 216Th | 0+ | ||
| β+ (zelden) | 220Pa | ||||||||
| 221U | 92 | 129 | 221,02640(11) | 700 ns | α | 217Th | 9/2+ | ||
| β+ (zelden) | 221Pa | ||||||||
| 222U | 92 | 130 | 222,02609(11) | 1,4(7) ms | α | 218Th | 0+ | ||
| β+ (10−6%) | 222Pa | ||||||||
| 223U | 92 | 131 | 223,02774(8) | 21(8) ms | α | 219Th | 7/2+ | ||
| 224U | 92 | 132 | 224,027605(27) | 940(270) ms | α | 220Th | 0+ | ||
| 225U | 92 | 133 | 225,02939 | 61(4) ms | α | 221Th | (5/2+) | ||
| 226U | 92 | 134 | 226,029339(14) | 269(6) ms | α | 222Th | 0+ | ||
| 227U | 92 | 135 | 227,031156(18) | 1,1(1) min | α | 223Th | (3/2+) | ||
| β+ (0,001%) | 227Pa | ||||||||
| 228U | 92 | 136 | 228,031374(16) | 9,1(2) min | α (95%) | 224Th | 0+ | ||
| EV (5%) | 228Pa | ||||||||
| 229U | 92 | 137 | 229,033506(6) | 58(3) min | β+ (80%) | 229Pa | (3/2+) | ||
| α (20%) | 225Th | ||||||||
| 230U | 92 | 138 | 230,033940(5) | 20,8 dagen | α | 226Th | 0+ | ||
| SS (1,4 × 10−10%) | |||||||||
| β+β+ (zelden) | 230Th | ||||||||
| 231U | 92 | 139 | 231,036294(3) | 4,2(1) dagen | EV | 231Pa | (5/2+) | ||
| α (0,004%) | 227Th | ||||||||
| 232U | 92 | 140 | 232,0371562(24) | 68,9(4) jaar | α | 228Th | 0+ | ||
| CV (8,9 × 10−10%) | 208Pb, 24Ne | ||||||||
| CV (5 × 10−12%) | 204Hg, 28Mg | ||||||||
| SS (10−12%) | |||||||||
| 233U | 92 | 141 | 233,0396352(29) | 1,592(2) × 105 jaar | α | 229Th | 5/2+ | ||
| SS (6 × 10−9%) | |||||||||
| CV (7,2 × 10−11%) | 209Pb, 24Ne | ||||||||
| CV (1,3 × 10−13%) | 205Hg, 28Mg | ||||||||
| 234U | 92 | 142 | 234,0409521(20) | 2,455(6) × 105 jaar | α | 230Th | 0+ | 0,000054(5) | 0,000050 - 0,000059 |
| SS (1,73 × 10−9%) | |||||||||
| CV (1,4 × 10−11%) | 206Hg, 28Mg | ||||||||
| CV (9 × 10−12%) | 184Hf, 26Ne, 24Ne | ||||||||
| 234mU | 1421,32(10) keV | 33,5(20) ms | 6− | ||||||
| 235U | 92 | 143 | 235,0439299(20) | 7,04(1) × 108 jaar | α | 231Th | 7/2− | 0,007204(6) | 0,007198 - 0,007207 |
| SS (7 × 10−9%) | |||||||||
| CV (8 × 10−10%) | 186Hf, 25Ne, 24Ne | ||||||||
| 235mU | 0,0765(4) keV | ± 26 min | IT | 235U | 1/2+ | ||||
| 236U | 92 | 144 | 236,045568(2) | 2,342(3) × 107 jaar | α | 232Th | 0+ | ||
| SS (9,6 × 10−8%) | |||||||||
| 236m1U | 1052,89(19) keV | 100(4) ns | 4− | ||||||
| 236m2U | 2750(10) keV | 120(2) ns | (0+) | ||||||
| 237U | 92 | 145 | 237,0487302(20) | 6,75(1) dagen | β− | 237Np | 1/2+ | ||
| 238U | 92 | 146 | 238,0507882(20) | 4,468(3) × 109 jaar | α | 234Th | 0+ | 0,992742(10) | 0,992739 - 0,992752 |
| SS (5,45 × 10−5%) | |||||||||
| β−β− (2,19 × 10−10%) | 238Pu | ||||||||
| 238mU | 2557,9(5) keV | 280(6) ns | 0+ | ||||||
| 239U | 92 | 147 | 239,0542933(21) | 23,45(2) min | β− | 239Np | 5/2+ | ||
| 239m1 | 20(20) keV | > 250 ns | (5/2+) | ||||||
| 239m2U | 133,7990(10) keV | 780(40) ns | 1/2+ | ||||||
| 240U | 92 | 148 | 240,056592(6) | 14,1(1) uur | β− | 240Np | 0+ | ||
| α (10−10%) | 236Th | ||||||||
| 241U | 92 | 149 | 241,06033(32) | 5 min | β− | 241Np | 7/2+ | ||
| 242U | 92 | 150 | 242,06293(22) | 16,8(5) min | β− | 242Np | 0+ | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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