Modul:IPA/data
See also: Module:IPA/testcases
nonstandard
[ännern]m.nonstandard
symbols
[ännern]m.symbols
This table consists of keys that are valid IPA symbols (which may be a single character or a set of characters), each of which should have a table as value with the optional fields title, link, and XSAMPA.
- title
- link
- XSAMPA
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA
Substitutions Text in the table is neutered for HTML text or attributes with the following
HTML Latin entity " used for " HTML Latin entity ' used for ' Escaped backslash \\ used for \ HTML Latin entity < used for < HTML Latin entity > used for > HTML Latin entity & used for &
Not represented in the table
"*" undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor" "/" indeterminacy in French vowels "<" begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA) ">" end nonsegmental notation "_<" implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)
"�" Replacement Character is used for unrepresentable characters
local m = {}
-- Non-standard or obsolete IPA symbols.
m.nonstandard = {
"ɑ̢", "d̂", "t̂", "n̂", "l̂", "k̫", "ɔ̗", "ɔ̖", -- these symbols consist of more than one character, so we can't put them in the line below
"[ʦʣʧʤʨʥ?ƍσƺƪƻƾƞᶀᶁᶂᶃᶄᶅᶆᶈᶇᶉᶊᶋƫᶌᶍᶎʓʆλƛłščžǰǧǯẋᵻᵿⱻʚɷωıȹȸ∅ØƥƭƈƙʠʇʗʖʞɩɼȣяɿʅʮʯᴀᴀᴇGRŒQȡȶȵȴKPT]",
}
-- Valid IPA symbols.
-- Currently almost all values of "title" and "link" keys are just the comments that were used in [[Module:IPA]], the "link" fields should be checked (those that start with an uppercase letter are checked)
m.symbols = {}
m.symbols[1] = {
-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- nasal
["m"] = {title = "bilabial nasal", link = "w:bilabial nasal", XSAMPA = "m"},
["ɱ"] = {title = "labiodental nasal", link = "w:labiodental nasal", XSAMPA = "F"},
["n"] = {title = "alveolar nasal", link = "w:alveolar nasal", XSAMPA = "n"},
["ɳ"] = {title = "retroflex nasal", link = "w:retroflex nasal", XSAMPA = "n`"},
["ɲ"] = {title = "palatal nasal", link = "w:palatal nasal", XSAMPA = "J"},
["ŋ"] = {title = "velar nasal", link = "w:velar nasal", XSAMPA = "N"},
["ɴ"] = {title = "uvular nasal", link = "w:uvular nasal", XSAMPA = "N\\"},
-- plosive
["p"] = {title = "voiceless bilabial plosive", link = "w:voiceless bilabial plosive", XSAMPA = "p"},
["b"] = {title = "voiced bilabial plosive", link = "w:voiced bilabial plosive", XSAMPA = "b"},
["t"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar plosive", link = "w:voiceless alveolar plosive", XSAMPA = "t"},
["d"] = {title = "voiced alveolar plosive", link = "w:voiced alveolar plosive", XSAMPA = "d"},
["ʈ"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex plosive", link = "w:voiceless retroflex plosive", XSAMPA = "t`"},
["ɖ"] = {title = "voiced retroflex plosive", link = "w:voiced retroflex plosive", XSAMPA = "d`"},
["c"] = {title = "voiceless palatal plosive", link = "w:voiceless palatal plosive", XSAMPA = "c"},
["ɟ"] = {title = "voiced palatal plosive", link = "w:voiced palatal plosive", XSAMPA = "J\\"},
["k"] = {title = "voiceless velar plosive", link = "w:voiceless velar plosive", XSAMPA = "k"},
["ɡ"] = {title = "voiced velar plosive", link = "w:voiced velar plosive", XSAMPA = "g"},
["q"] = {title = "voiceless uvular plosive", link = "w:voiceless uvular plosive", XSAMPA = "q"},
["ɢ"] = {title = "voiced uvular plosive", link = "w:voiced uvular plosive", XSAMPA = "G\\"},
["ʡ"] = {title = "epiglottal plosive", link = "w:epiglottal plosive", XSAMPA = ">\\"},
["ʔ"] = {title = "glottal stop", link = "w:glottal stop", XSAMPA = "?"},
-- fricative
["ɸ"] = {title = "voiceless bilabial fricative", link = "w:voiceless bilabial fricative", XSAMPA = "p\\"},
["β"] = {title = "voiced bilabial fricative", link = "w:voiced bilabial fricative", XSAMPA = "B"},
["f"] = {title = "voiceless labiodental fricative", link = "w:voiceless labiodental fricative", XSAMPA = "f"},
["v"] = {title = "voiced labiodental fricative", link = "w:voiced labiodental fricative", XSAMPA = "v"},
["θ"] = {title = "voiceless dental fricative", link = "w:voiceless dental fricative", XSAMPA = "T"},
["ð"] = {title = "voiced dental fricative", link = "w:voiced dental fricative", XSAMPA = "D"},
["s"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar fricative", link = "w:voiceless alveolar fricative", XSAMPA = "s"},
["z"] = {title = "voiced alveolar fricative", link = "w:voiced alveolar fricative", XSAMPA = "z"},
["ʃ"] = {title = "voiceless postalveolar fricative", link = "w:voiceless postalveolar fricative", XSAMPA = "S"},
["ʒ"] = {title = "voiced postalveolar fricative", link = "w:voiced postalveolar fricative", XSAMPA = "Z"},
["ʂ"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex fricative", link = "w:voiceless retroflex fricative", XSAMPA = "s`"},
["ʐ"] = {title = "voiced retroflex fricative", link = "w:voiced retroflex fricative", XSAMPA = "z`"},
["ɕ"] = {title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", link = "w:voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", XSAMPA = "s\\"},
["ʑ"] = {title = "voiced alveolo-palatal fricative", link = "w:voiced alveolo-palatal fricative", XSAMPA = "z\\"},
["ç"] = {title = "voiceless palatal fricative", link = "w:voiceless palatal fricative", XSAMPA = "C"},
["ʝ"] = {title = "voiced palatal fricative", link = "w:voiced palatal fricative", XSAMPA = "j\\"},
["x"] = {title = "voiceless velar fricative", link = "w:voiceless velar fricative", XSAMPA = "x"},
["ɣ"] = {title = "voiced velar fricative", link = "w:voiced velar fricative", XSAMPA = "G"},
["χ"] = {title = "voiceless uvular fricative", link = "w:voiceless uvular fricative", XSAMPA = "X"},
["ʁ"] = {title = "voiced uvular fricative", link = "w:voiced uvular fricative", XSAMPA = "R"},
["ħ"] = {title = "voiceless pharyngeal fricative", link = "w:voiceless pharyngeal fricative", XSAMPA = "X\\"},
["ʕ"] = {title = "voiced pharyngeal fricative", link = "w:voiced pharyngeal fricative", XSAMPA = "?\\"},
["ʜ"] = {title = "voiceless epiglottal fricative", link = "w:voiceless epiglottal fricative", XSAMPA = "H\\"},
["ʢ"] = {title = "voiced epiglottal fricative", link = "w:voiced epiglottal fricative", XSAMPA = "<\\"},
["h"] = {title = "voiceless glottal fricative", link = "w:voiceless glottal fricative", XSAMPA = "h"},
["ɦ"] = {title = "voiced glottal fricative", link = "w:voiced glottal fricative", XSAMPA = "h\\"},
-- approximant
["ʋ"] = {title = "labiodental approximant", link = "w:labiodental approximant", XSAMPA = "v\\"}, -- or "P"
["ɹ"] = {title = "alveolar approximant", link = "w:alveolar approximant", XSAMPA = "r\\"},
["ɻ"] = {title = "retroflex approximant", link = "w:retroflex approximant", XSAMPA = "r\\`"},
["j"] = {title = "palatal approximant", link = "w:palatal approximant", XSAMPA = "j"},
["ɰ"] = {title = "velar approximant", link = "w:velar approximant", XSAMPA = "M\\"},
-- tap, flap
["ⱱ"] = {title = "labiodental tap", link = "w:labiodental tap", XSAMPA = "b\\"}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA, source http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA
["ɾ"] = {title = "alveolar flap", link = "w:alveolar flap", XSAMPA = "4"},
["ɽ"] = {title = "retroflex flap", link = "w:retroflex flap", XSAMPA = "r`"},
-- trill
["ʙ"] = {title = "bilabial trill", link = "w:bilabial trill", XSAMPA = "B\\"},
["r"] = {title = "alveolar trill", link = "w:alveolar trill", XSAMPA = "r"},
["ʀ"] = {title = "uvular trill", link = "w:uvular trill", XSAMPA = "R\\"},
["ᴙ"] = {title = "epiglottal trill", link = "w:epiglottal trill", XSAMPA = "%\\"}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA, source http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA
-- lateral fricative
["ɬ"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", XSAMPA = "K"},
["ɮ"] = {title = "voiced alveolar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiced alveolar lateral fricative", XSAMPA = "K\\"},
--["ɬ̢"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless retroflex lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
--["ʎ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless palatal lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless palatal lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3
--["ʟ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless velar lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3
--["ʟ̝"] = {title = "voiced velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiced velar lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
-- lateral approximant
["l"] = {title = "alveolar lateral approximant", link = "w:alveolar lateral approximant", XSAMPA = "l"},
["ɭ"] = {title = "retroflex lateral approximant", link = "w:retroflex lateral approximant", XSAMPA = "l`"},
["ʎ"] = {title = "palatal lateral approximant", link = "w:palatal lateral approximant", XSAMPA = "L"},
["ʟ"] = {title = "velar lateral approximant", link = "w:velar lateral approximant", XSAMPA = "L\\"},
-- lateral flap
["ɺ"] = {title = "alveolar lateral flap", link = "w:alveolar lateral flap", XSAMPA = "l\\"},
--["ɭ̆"] = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
--["ɺ˞"] = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- clicks
["ʘ"] = {title = "bilabial click", link = "w:bilabial click", XSAMPA = "O\\"},
["ǀ"] = {title = "dental click", link = "w:dental click", XSAMPA = "|\\"},
["ǃ"] = {title = "postalveolar click", link = "w:postalveolar click", XSAMPA = "!\\"},
["‼"] = {title = "subapical retroflex", link = "w:subapical retroflex", XSAMPA = "�"}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA
["ǂ"] = {title = "palatal click", link = "w:palatal click", XSAMPA = "=\\"},
["ǁ"] = {title = "alveolar lateral click", link = "w:alveolar lateral click", XSAMPA = "|\\|\\"},
-- implosives
["ɓ"] = {title = "voiced bilabial implosive", link = "w:voiced bilabial implosive", XSAMPA = "b_<"},
["ɗ"] = {title = "voiced alveolar implosive", link = "w:voiced alveolar implosive", XSAMPA = "d_<"},
["ᶑ"] = {title = "retroflex implosive", link = "w:retroflex implosive", XSAMPA = "�"}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA
["ʄ"] = {title = "voiced palatal implosive", link = "w:voiced palatal implosive", XSAMPA = "J\\_<"},
["ɠ"] = {title = "voiced velar implosive", link = "w:voiced velar implosive", XSAMPA = "g_<"},
["ʛ"] = {title = "voiced uvular implosive", link = "w:voiced uvular implosive", XSAMPA = "G\\_<"},
-- ejectives
["ʼ"] = {title = "ejective", link = "w:ejective", XSAMPA = "_>"},
-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
["ʍ"] = {title = "voiceless labial-velar fricative", link = "w:voiceless labial-velar fricative", XSAMPA = "W"},
["w"] = {title = "labial-velar approximant", link = "w:labial-velar approximant", XSAMPA = "w"},
["ɥ"] = {title = "labial-palatal approximant", link = "w:labial-palatal approximant", XSAMPA = "H"},
["ɧ"] = {title = "voiceless palatal-velar fricative", link = "w:voiceless palatal-velar fricative", XSAMPA = "x\\"},
-- should be handled in [[Module:IPA]] and not through this table
-- BRACKETS
-- ["//"] = {title = "morphophonemic", link = "w:morphophonemic", XSAMPA = "//"},
-- ["/"] = {title = "phonemic", link = "w:phonemic", XSAMPA = "/"},
-- ["["] = {title = "phonetic", link = "w:phonetic", XSAMPA = "["},
-- ["["] = {title = "phonetic", link = "w:phonetic", XSAMPA = "]"},
-- ["〈"] = {title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", XSAMPA = "<"},
-- ["〉"] = {title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", XSAMPA = ">"},
-- ["⟨"] = {title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", XSAMPA = "<"},
-- ["⟩"] = {title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", XSAMPA = ">"},
-- VOWELS
-- close
["i"] = {title = "close front unrounded vowel", link = "w:close front unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "i"},
["y"] = {title = "close front rounded vowel", link = "w:close front rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "y"},
["ɨ"] = {title = "close central unrounded vowel", link = "w:close central unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "1"},
["ʉ"] = {title = "close central rounded vowel", link = "w:close central rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "}"},
["ɯ"] = {title = "close back unrounded vowel", link = "w:close back unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "M"},
["u"] = {title = "close back rounded vowel", link = "w:close back rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "u"},
-- near close
["ɪ"] = {title = "near-close near-front unrounded vowel", link = "w:near-close near-front unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "I"},
["ʏ"] = {title = "near-close near-front rounded vowel", link = "w:near-close near-front rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "Y"},
["ᵻ"] = {title = "near-close central unrounded vowel", link = "w:near-close central unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "I\\"},
--["ɪ̈"] = {title = "near-close central unrounded vowel", link = "w:near-close central unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "I\\"}, -- (alternative) --TOMOVE
["ᵿ"] = {title = "near-close central rounded vowel", link = "w:near-close central rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "U\\"},
--["ʊ̈"] = {title = "near-close central rounded vowel", link = "w:near-close central rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "U\\"}, -- (alternative) --TOMOVE
["ʊ"] = {title = "near-close near-back rounded vowel", link = "w:near-close near-back rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "U"},
--close mid
["e"] = {title = "close-mid front unrounded vowel", link = "w:close-mid front unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "e"},
["ø"] = {title = "close-mid front rounded vowel", link = "w:close-mid front rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "2"},
["ɘ"] = {title = "close-mid central unrounded vowel", link = "w:close-mid central unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "@\\"},
["ɵ"] = {title = "close-mid central rounded vowel", link = "w:close-mid central rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "8"},
["ɤ"] = {title = "close-mid back unrounded vowel", link = "w:close-mid back unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "7"},
["o"] = {title = "close-mid back rounded vowel", link = "w:close-mid back rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "o"},
-- mid
["ə"] = {title = "schwa", link = "w:schwa", XSAMPA = "@"},
["ɚ"] = {title = "schwa+r", link = "w:R-colored vowel", XSAMPA = "@`"},
-- open mid
["ɛ"] = {title = "open-mid front unrounded vowel", link = "w:open-mid front unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "E"},
["œ"] = {title = "open-mid front rounded vowel", link = "w:open-mid front rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "9"},
["ɜ"] = {title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel", link = "w:open-mid central unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "3"},
["ɝ"] = {title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel+r", link = "w:R-colored vowel", XSAMPA = "3`"},
["ɞ"] = {title = "open-mid central rounded vowel", link = "w:open-mid central rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "3\\"},
["ʌ"] = {title = "open-mid back unrounded vowel", link = "w:open-mid back unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "V"},
["ɔ"] = {title = "open-mid back rounded vowel", link = "w:open-mid back rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "O"},
-- near open
["æ"] = {title = "near-open front unrounded vowel", link = "w:near-open front unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "{"},
["ɐ"] = {title = "near-open central vowel", link = "w:near-open central vowel", XSAMPA = "6"},
-- open
["a"] = {title = "open front unrounded vowel", link = "w:open front unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "a"},
["ɶ"] = {title = "open front rounded vowel", link = "w:open front rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "&"},
["ɑ"] = {title = "open back unrounded vowel", link = "w:open back unrounded vowel", XSAMPA = "A"},
["ɒ"] = {title = "open back rounded vowel", link = "w:open back rounded vowel", XSAMPA = "Q"},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
["ˈ"] = {title = "primary stress", link = "w:primary stress", XSAMPA = "\""},
-- ["???"] = {title = "extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead", link = "w:extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead", XSAMPA = "�"}, --TOMOVE:3
["ˌ"] = {title = "secondary stress", link = "w:secondary stress", XSAMPA = "%"},
["ː"] = {title = "long", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", XSAMPA = ":"},
["ˑ"] = {title = "half long", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", XSAMPA = ":\\"},
["̆"] = {title = "extra-short", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", XSAMPA = "_X"},
--["%."] = {title = "syllable break", link = "w:syllable break", XSAMPA = "."}, --TOMOVE
["‿"] = {title = "linking mark (absence of a break)", link = "w:linking mark (absence of a break)", XSAMPA = "-\\"},
[" "] = {title = "separator", link = "w:separator", XSAMPA = "-"},
-- TONE
-- level tones
["˥"] = {title = "top", link = "w:top", XSAMPA = "_T"},
["˦"] = {title = "high", link = "w:high", XSAMPA = "_H"},
["˧"] = {title = "mid", link = "w:mid", XSAMPA = "_M"},
["˨"] = {title = "low", link = "w:low", XSAMPA = "_L"},
["˩"] = {title = "bottom", link = "w:bottom", XSAMPA = "_B"},
["̋"] = {title = "extra high tone", link = "w:extra high tone", XSAMPA = "_T"},
["́"] = {title = "high tone", link = "w:high tone", XSAMPA = "_H"},
["̄"] = {title = "mid tone", link = "w:mid tone", XSAMPA = "_M"},
["̀"] = {title = "low tone", link = "w:low tone", XSAMPA = "_L"},
["̏"] = {title = "extra low tone", link = "w:extra low tone", XSAMPA = "_B"},
-- tone terracing
["ꜛ"] = {title = "upstep", link = "w:upstep", XSAMPA = "^"},
["ꜜ"] = {title = "downstep", link = "w:downstep", XSAMPA = "!"},
-- contour tones
["̌"] = {title = "rising tone", link = "w:rising tone", XSAMPA = "_/"}, -- or "_R"
["̂"] = {title = "falling tone", link = "w:falling tone", XSAMPA = "_\\"}, -- or "_F"
["᷄"] = {title = "high rising tone", link = "w:high rising tone", XSAMPA = "_H_T"},
["᷅"] = {title = "low rising tone", link = "w:low rising tone", XSAMPA = "_B_L"},
["᷇"] = {title = "high falling tone", link = "w:high falling tone", XSAMPA = "_T_H"},
["᷆"] = {title = "low falling tone", link = "w:low falling tone", XSAMPA = "_L_B"},
["᷈"] = {title = "rising falling tone (peaking)", link = "w:rising falling tone", XSAMPA = "_R_F"},
["᷉"] = {title = "dipping", link = "w:dipping", XSAMPA = "_F_R"}, -- [extrapolated from the chart -- please confirm]
-- intonation
["|"] = {title = "minor (foot) group", link = "w:minor (foot) group", XSAMPA = "|"},
["‖"] = {title = "major (intonation) group", link = "w:major (intonation) group", XSAMPA = "||"},
["↗"] = {title = "global rise", link = "w:global rise", XSAMPA = "<R>"},
["↘"] = {title = "global fall", link = "w:global fall", XSAMPA = "<F>"},
-- DIACRITICS
-- syllabicity & releases
["̩"] = {title = "syllabi ", link = "w:syllabi)", XSAMPA = "="}, -- (or "_="
["̯"] = {title = "non-syllabic", link = "w:non-syllabic", XSAMPA = "_^"},
["ʰ"] = {title = "aspirated", link = "w:Aspirated consonant", XSAMPA = "_h"},
["ⁿ"] = {title = "nasal release", link = "w:Nasal release", XSAMPA = "_n"},
["ˡ"] = {title = "lateral release", link = "w:lateral release", XSAMPA = "_l"},
["̚"] = {title = "no audible release", link = "w:no audible release", XSAMPA = "_}"},
-- phonation
["̥"] = {title = "voiceless", link = "w:voiceless", XSAMPA = "_0"},
["̬"] = {title = "voiced", link = "w:voiced", XSAMPA = "_v"},
["̤"] = {title = "breathy voice", link = "w:breathy voice", XSAMPA = "_t"},
["̰"] = {title = "creaky voice", link = "w:creaky voice", XSAMPA = "_k"},
["᷽"] = {title = "strident", link = "w:strident", XSAMPA = "_%\\"}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA, source http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA
-- primary articulation
["̪"] = {title = "dental", link = "w:dental", XSAMPA = "_d"},
["̺"] = {title = "apical", link = "w:apical", XSAMPA = "_a"},
["̻"] = {title = "laminal", link = "w:laminal", XSAMPA = "_m"},
["̟"] = {title = "advanced", link = "w:advanced", XSAMPA = "_+"},
["̠"] = {title = "retracted", link = "w:retracted", XSAMPA = "_-"},
["̼"] = {title = "linguolabial", link = "w:linguolabial", XSAMPA = "_N"},
["̈"] = {title = "centralized", link = "w:centralized", XSAMPA = "_\""},
["̽"] = {title = "mid-centralized", link = "w:mid-centralized", XSAMPA = "_x"},
["̞"] = {title = "lowered", link = "w:lowered", XSAMPA = "_o"},
["̝"] = {title = "raised", link = "w:raised", XSAMPA = "_r"},
["͡"] = {title = "coarticulated", link = "w:co-articulated consonant", XSAMPA = "__"}, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA, Wiktionary-specific
-- secondary articulation
["ʷ"] = {title = "labialized", link = "w:labialized", XSAMPA = "_w"},
["ʲ"] = {title = "palatalized", link = "w:palatalized", XSAMPA = { "_j" } },
["ˠ"] = {title = "velarized", link = "w:velarized", XSAMPA = "_G"},
["ˤ"] = {title = "pharyngealized", link = "w:pharyngealized", XSAMPA = "_?\\"},
["ɫ"] = {title = "velarized alveolar lateral approximant", link = "w:velarized alveolar lateral approximant", XSAMPA = "5"}, -- also see _e
["̴"] = {title = "velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5", link = "w:velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5", XSAMPA = "_e"},
["̹"] = {title = "more rounded", link = "w:Roundedness", XSAMPA = "_O"},
["̜"] = {title = "less rounded", link = "w:Roundedness", XSAMPA = "_c"},
["̃"] = {title = "nasalization", link = "w:nasalization", XSAMPA = "~"}, -- or _~
["˞"] = {title = "rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants", link = "w:rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants", XSAMPA = "`"}, -- (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see t` for an example)
["̘"] = {title = "advanced tongue root", link = "w:advanced tongue root", XSAMPA = "_A"},
["̙"] = {title = "retracted tongue root", link = "w:retracted tongue root", XSAMPA = "_q"},
}
m.symbols[2] = {
-- TODO
--["%("] = {},
--["%)"] = {},
["ːː"] = {title = "extra long", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", XSAMPA = ":"},
["r̥"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar trill", link = "w:voiceless alveolar trill"},
["ɬ’"] = {title = "alveolar lateral ejective fricative", link = "w:alveolar lateral ejective fricative"},
}
m.symbols[3] = {
["d͡ʒ"] = {title = "voiced palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate"},
["ɡ͡ɣ"] = {title = "voiced velar affricate", link = "w:Voiced velar affricate"},
["t͡s"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar affricate"},
}
m.symbols[4] = {
["ǃ͡qʼ"] = {title = "alveolar linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
["ǁ͡χʼ"] = {title = "lateral linguo-glottalic affricate (homorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}
m.symbols[5] = {
["k͡ʟ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless velar lateral affricate", link = "w:voiceless velar lateral affricate"},
["ᶢǀ͡qʼ"] = {title = "voiced dental linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
["ǂ͡kxʼ"] = {title = "palatal linguo-glottalic affricate (heterorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}
m.symbols[6] = {
["k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ"] = {title = "velar lateral ejective affricate", link = "w:velar lateral ejective affricate"},
["ᶢʘ͡kxʼ"] = {title = "voiced labial linguo-glottalic affricate", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}
m.phonemes = {}
m.phonemes["nl"] = {
"m", "n", "ŋ",
"p", "b", "t", "d", "k", "ɡ",
"f", "v", "s", "z", "ʃ", "ʒ", "x", "ɣ", "ɦ",
"ʋ", "l", "j", "r",
"ɪ", "ʏ", "ɛ", "ə", "ɔ", "ɑ",
"i", "iː", "y", "yː", "u", "uː", "eː", "øː", "oː", "ɛː", "œː", "ɔː", "aː",
"ɛi̯", "œy̯", "ɔi̯", "ɑu̯", "ɑi̯",
"iu̯", "yu̯", "ui̯", "eːu̯", "oːi̯", "aːi̯",
"ˈ", "ˌ", ".", " ",
}
m.phonemes["hy"] = {
"ɑ", "b", "ɡ", "d", "ɛ", "z", "ɛ", "ə", "tʰ", "ʒ", "i", "l", "χ", "t͡s",
"k", "h", "d͡z", "ʁ", "t͡ʃ", "m", "j", "n", "ʃ", "ɔ", "t͡ʃʰ", "p", "d͡ʒ",
"r", "s", "v", "t", "ɾ", "t͡sʰ", "v", "pʰ", "kʰ", "ɔ", "f", "ŋɡ", "ŋk", "ŋχ",
"ˈ", "ˌ", ".", " ", "ː",
}
return m