cluelessmedic
cluelessmedic: “ Diaphragmatic Hernia • affects up to 1 in 4000 births, commonly L sided • loops of bowel in chest, displacement of mediastinum • often diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound scan • present with respiratory distress • Features - reduced...

cluelessmedic:

Diaphragmatic Hernia

  • affects up to 1 in 4000 births, commonly L sided
  • loops of bowel in chest, displacement of mediastinum
  • often diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound scan
  • present with respiratory distress
  • Features - reduced air entry, displaced apex beat + heart sounds
  • management —> large NG tube + suction, surgical correction
  • high mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia
cluelessmedic

cluelessmedic:

Meckel’s Diverticulum

  • remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct (vitelline duct) from embryonic development
  • usually asymptomatic but if narrow base can obstruct causing meckels diverticulitis
  • this can present similarly to appendicitis or with rectal bleeding, bowel obstruction or later in life with malignancy

Rule of 2’s

  • 2% of population affected
  • 2 inches long
  • 2 feet from ileocaecal valve
  • 2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic)
  • 2 years of age = most common age for presentation
  • 2:1 ratio of boys:girls affected
inthewards

Ebstein Anomaly

inthewards:

It is a congenital defect of the heart in which the tricuspid valve is displaced downwards. A risk factor to this would be a woman on lithium medication during pregnancy (first trimester). 

Clinical features:

1. Quadruple rhythm (S1, S2, S3, S4 heart sounds)

2. Murmur of tricuspid regurgitation and a middiastolic murmur at the lower left sternum

3. Right atrial hypertrophy

4. Right ventricular conduction defects

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