中道右派
表示
![]() |
![]() | この記事には独自研究が含まれているおそれがあります。 |
政党政治 |
---|
Portal:政治学 |
中道右派(ちゅうどううは、英語: Centre-right)とは、政党あるいは政党グループの分類。穏健な右派・保守派のこと。
一般的には、オルド自由主義、自由保守主義、保守自由主義、保守中道主義、改革保守主義、緑の保守主義、キリスト教民主主義といった主義を掲げる政党に対して用いられる。アメリカの共和党やイギリスの保守党[1][2][3]、ドイツのCDU[4][5]が代表格である。
中道右派と特徴づけられるイデオロギーには、自由保守主義や自由主義のいくつかの変種、キリスト教民主主義などがある。現代の中道右派の経済的側面は経済的自由主義の影響を受けており、一般に自由市場、限られた歳出など新自由主義に大きく関連する政策を支持している。穏健右派は社会保守主義でも文化的自由主義でもなく、しばしば市民的自由の支持や伝統主義の要素と両方の信念を併せ持っている。
世界各国の主な中道右派政党
[編集]アジア
[編集]アメリカ
[編集]国名 | 党名 |
---|---|
![]() |
共和党 |
![]() |
共和国の提案 |
![]() |
カナダ保守党[32][33] |
![]() |
国民革新党[34] |
![]() |
自由国民運動 |
![]() |
民主党 |
![]() |
新国民党 |
![]() |
国民民主運動 |
ジャマイカ労働党[35][36] | |
![]() |
コロラド党 |
真正急進自由党 | |
![]() |
キリスト教人民党 |
人民勢力党 | |
![]() |
スリナム国民党 |
ヨーロッパ
[編集]オセアニア
[編集]国名 | 党名 |
---|---|
![]() |
国民党 |
自由党(保守連合)[138] | |
![]() |
クック諸島党 |
![]() |
国民党[139] |
アフリカ
[編集]「中道右派」とされている主なマスコミ
[編集]日本 - 読売新聞[141]、Nikkei Asian Review[142]
韓国 - 中央日報[143]
シンガポール - ザ・ストレーツ・タイムズ[144]
ドイツ - フランクフルター・アルゲマイネ・ツァイトゥング
イギリス - タイムズ[145]、デイリー・テレグラフ
アメリカ合衆国 - ウォール・ストリート・ジャーナル[146]
脚注
[編集]注釈
[編集]出典
[編集]- ^ “Competing on the centre right: An examination of party strategy in Britain”. University of Leicester 9 May 2016閲覧。
- ^ “What does being right wing mean?”. Conservative Home (4 May 2016). 9 May 2016閲覧。
- ^ Whiteley, Paul; Seyd, Patrick; Richardson, Jeremy (1994). True Blues : The Politics of Conservative Party Membership: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership. Oxford University Press. pp. 141–42. ISBN 978-0-19-154441-5 9 May 2016閲覧。
- ^ Sarah Elise Wiliarty (2010). The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party. Cambridge University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-521-76582-4 17 August 2012閲覧。
- ^ Mark Kesselman; Joel Krieger; Christopher S. Allen; Stephen Hellman (2008). European Politics in Transition. Cengage Learning. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-618-87078-3 17 August 2012閲覧。
- ^ “Likud”. Ynetnews. (1 February 2008) 30 June 2015閲覧。
- ^ The Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture. Cambridge University Press. (2010). p. 304. ISBN 9780521825979 30 June 2015閲覧. "To overcome Labor Party dominance, the bulk of center-right parties formed Likud.... In the early twenty-first century, Likud remains a major factor in the center-right political bloc."
- ^ “Israel Elections: Results and Analysis”. The New York Times. (17 March 2015) 14 June 2015閲覧。
- ^ ISBN 0252090810
- ^ “Missionaries of Revolution”. July 4, 2015閲覧。
- ^ 陳文俊, 2001年, 《藍與綠—台灣選民的政治意識形態初探》, 2001年台灣選舉與民主化調查研究計畫。
- ^ Day, Alan John (2002), Political Parties of the World, John Harper Publishing, p. 377
- ^ “Southeast Asia In The New International Era” (2016年). April 19, 2017閲覧。
- ^ “韓国の保守政党が消える? 第1野党が挑む「捨て身戦略」”. 毎日新聞. 2021年1月23日閲覧。
- ^ Roger Blanpain; Michele Tiraboschi (2008) (英語). The Global Labour Market: From Globalization to Flexicurity. Kluwer Law International. p. 268. ISBN 978-90-411-2722-8 2020年9月24日閲覧. "The conservative and centre-right LDP has almost always been in the government and even if the LDP has not always anti-labour, it has been more concerned about the interests of management."
- ^ Ludger Helms (2013) (英語). Parliamentary Opposition in Old and New Democracies. Routledge. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-317-97031-6 2020年9月24日閲覧. "This restructuring paved the way for the emergence of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) as a centre-right party by 1955."
- ^ Jeffrey William Henderson (2011) (英語). East Asian Transformation: On the Political Economy of Dynamism, Governance and Crisis. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-136-84113-2 2020年9月24日閲覧. "Even Japan, which Johnson (1982) categorized as ‘soft authoritarian’, one party rule (by the centre-right, Liberal Democratic Party-LDP) has persisted for all but three short periods (1993, 1994 and 2009 onwards) since its foundation in 1955."
- ^ Zack Beauchamp (2017年9月28日). “Japan is having an election next month. Here’s why it matters.” (英語). Vox (Vox Media) 2020年9月24日閲覧. "Abe’s center-right Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), historically dominant in Japanese politics, is facing a rebellion led by Tokyo Gov."
- ^ “Overseas Business Risk - Japan” (英語). gov.uk. イギリス政府. 2020年8月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年9月24日閲覧。 “In Lower House elections during October 2017, the centre-right Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) retained the largest number of seats.”
- ^ Jio Kamata (2022年7月18日). “The Struggles of the Nippon Ishin no Kai”. THE DIPLMANT 2022年7月18日閲覧. "…The Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Innovation Party), a center-right populist opposition party in Japan, enjoyed…"
- ^ Gregory W. Noble (13 July 2019). “Abe sails toward another electoral victory” (英語). East Asia Forum. 2019年9月7日閲覧。 “... The Japanese Communist Party, two small centre-right regional groupings — Tokyoites First Party and Osaka-based Japan Innovation Party (Ishin) ...”
- ^ “Japan’s ruling conservatives have been returned to power, but amid voter frustration, challenges lurk for Kishida”. The Conversation 2021年12月6日閲覧。
- ^ 綱領-国民民主党 2020年12月20日閲覧
- ^ “日本大百科全書 - 国民民主党”. コトバンク 2021年10月8日閲覧。
- ^ “維新との共同会派で目指すのは?教育・前原誠司代表、大いに政策を語る 選挙ドットコムちゃんねるまとめ(選挙ドットコム)”. Yahoo!ニュース. 2024年5月14日閲覧。
- ^ “Sharif declares victory for his party in Pakistan vote”. Hindustan Times. (12 May 2013)
- ^ Nawaz Sharif declares his party victorious in Pakistan vote, Al Arabiya
- ^ “Nawaz Sharif Set for Third Term as PM”, India Times, (12 May 2013)
- ^ Niha Masih; Joanna Slater (2019年6月21日). “U.S.-style polarization has arrived in India. Modi is at the heart of the divide.” (英語). The Washington Post 2020年9月27日閲覧. "He leads the Bharatiya Janata Party, a center-right political party built around Hindu nationalism, the idea that India — home to a diversity of religions — is fundamentally a Hindu nation, not a secular republic. Exit polls on Sunday indicated that Modi and his BJP-led coalition would return to power. Official results will not be announced until Thursday."
- ^ Diane K. Mauzy and R.S. Milne (2002). Singapore Politics Under the People's Action Party. Routledge. p. 147. ISBN 0-415-24653-9
Partido de Ação Popular - ^ Tim Hume, CNN (9 January 2015). “President's gamble fails as rival wins Sri Lanka election - CNN.com”. CNN. 16 February 2018閲覧。
- ^ Freedom House (2016). 2. ed. Freedom in the World 2015: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4422-5408-4
- ^ André Blais; Jean-François Laslier; Karine Van der Straeten (2016). Voting Experiments. Springer International Publishing. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-3-319-40573-5
- ^ Kernic, Franz (2005), “Chile”, Defense and Security: A Compendium of National Armed Forces and Security Policies (ABC-CLIO): p. 133
- ^ Robin Gauldie (July 2007). Jamaica. New Holland Publishers. pp. 17–. ISBN 978-1-84537-859-2
- ^ Axel Klein; Marcus Day; Anthony Harriott (13 November 2004). Caribbean Drugs: From Criminalization to Harm Reduction. Zed Books. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-84277-499-1
- ^ “The Albanian Electoral Systems since 1990”. Albanian Elections Observatory Brief (1). (19 April 2013) 2 July 2013閲覧。.
- ^ Smilov, Daniel; Jileva, Elena (2009), “The politics of Bulgarian citizenship: National identity, democracy and other uses”, Citizenship Policies in the New Europe (Amsterdam University Press): p. 229
- ^ Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven (2012), At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party, Springer, p. 78
- ^ “Iceland election: Independence Party still has most seats”. BBC News (29 October 2017). 30 October 2017閲覧。
- ^ Nordic States and European Integration: Awkward Partners in the North? p.106. Edited by Malin Stegmann McCallion and Alex Brianson. Published by Palgrave Macmillan. First published in 2017. Published in Cham, Switzerland. Accessed via Google Books.
- ^ Bjarnason, Magnus (2010). The Political Economy of Joining the European Union: Iceland's Position at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 52. ISBN 9789056296421
- ^ George Taylor; Brendan Flynn (2008). “The Irish Greens”. In E. Gene Frankland; Paul Lucardie; Benoît Rihoux. Green Parties in Transition: The End of Grass-roots Democracy?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-7546-7429-0
- ^ John Barlow; David Farnham; Sylvia Horton; F.F. Ridley (2016). “Comparing Public Managers”. In David Farnham; Annie Hondeghem; Sylvia Horton et al.. New Public Managers in Europe: Public Servants in Transition. Springer. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-349-13947-7
- ^ Titley, Gavan (24 February 2011). “Beyond the yin and yang of Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil”. The Guardian (London)
- ^ Smyth, Jamie (14 October 2011). “McGuinness battles to escape IRA past”. The Financial Times
- ^ Haughey, Nuala (28 November 2010). “Irish protest against austerity cuts”. The National[リンク切れ]
- ^ Richard Dunphy (2015). “Ireland”. In Donatella M. Viola. Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7
- ^ Nicholas Rees; Brid Quinn; Bernadette Connaughton (2010). “Ireland and the European Union”. In Nicholas Rees; Brid Quinn; Bernadette Connaughton. Europeanisation and New Patterns of Governance in Ireland. Manchester University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-84779-336-2
- ^ Kate Nicholls (2015). Mediating Policy: Greece, Ireland, and Portugal Before the Eurozone Crisis. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-317-64273-2
- ^ “Competing on the centre right: An examination of party strategy in Britain”. University of Leicester 9 May 2016閲覧。
- ^ “What does being right wing mean?”. Conservative Home (4 May 2016). 9 May 2016閲覧。
- ^ Whiteley, Paul; Seyd, Patrick; Richardson, Jeremy (1994). True Blues : The Politics of Conservative Party Membership: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership. Oxford University Press. pp. 141–42. ISBN 978-0-19-154441-5 9 May 2016閲覧。
- ^ Ilaria Riccioni; Ramono Bongelli; Andrzej Zuczkwoski (2013). “The communication of certainty and uncertainty in Italian political media discourses”. In Anita Fetzer. The Pragmatics of Political Discourse: Explorations across cultures. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 131. ISBN 978-90-272-7239-3
- ^ Britannica Educational Publishing (1 June 2013). Italy. Britanncia Educational Publishing. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-61530-989-4
- ^ Sarah Elise Wiliarty (2010). The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party. Cambridge University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-521-76582-4 26 August 2012閲覧。
- ^ Hans Vollaard; Gerrit Voerman; Nelleke van de Walle (2015). “The Netherlands”. In Donatella M. Viola. Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7
- ^ Syuzanna Vasilyan (2009). “The integration crisis in the Netherlands: the causes and the new policy measures”. In Ditta Dolejšiová; Miguel Angel García López. European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe. Council of Europe. p. 73. ISBN 978-92-871-6478-0
- ^ Kees Van Kerbergen; André Krouwel (2013). “A double-edged sword! The Dutch centre-right and the 'foreigners issue'”. In Tim Bale. Immigration and Integration Policy in Europe: Why Politics – and the Centre-Right – Matter. Routledge. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-1-317-96827-6
- ^ Hans Keman (2008), “The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies”, Comparative European Politics (Taylor & Francis): p. 221
- ^ Sean Lusk; Nick Birks (2014). Rethinking Public Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-137-37758-6
- ^ Robert Thomson (2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making before and after Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8
- ^ Damir Skenderovic (2009). The Radical Right in Switzerland: Continuity and Change, 1945-2000. Berghahn Books. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-84545-948-2 19 July 2013閲覧。
- ^ Freedom House (1 December 2011). Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 649. ISBN 978-1-4422-0996-1
- ^ Edgar Grande; Martin Dolezal (2012). Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-107-02438-0
- ^ Paolo Dardenelli (2013). “Switzerland: Europe's first federation”. In John Loughlin; John Kincaid; Wilfried Swenden. Routledge Handbook of Regionalism and Federalism. Routledge. p. 303. ISBN 1-136-72769-8
- ^ Wolfgang Streeck; Jurgen Grote; Volker Schneider et al., eds (2005). Governing Interests: Business Associations Facing Internationalism. Routledge. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-203-01588-9
- ^ Petrakis, Panagiotis E.; Kostis, Pantelis C.; Valsamis, Dionysis G. (2014-01-04) (英語). European Economics and Politics in the Midst of the Crisis: From the Outbreak of the Crisis to the Fragmented European Federation. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783642413445
- ^ “Archived copy”. July 12, 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。July 9, 2012閲覧。
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (25 July 2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 261. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2
- ^ The local - Kristdemokraterna Archived July 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (25 July 2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2
- ^ Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä (2007). Encyclopedia of Digital Government. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 397. ISBN 978-1-59140-790-4 18 July 2013閲覧。
- ^ “El análisis Se impone la lógica de centro-derecha” (スペイン語). La Razón (2011年6月12日). 2015年10月3日閲覧。
- ^ “Jordi Hereu: "Mi adversario es el centro derecha" de CiU” (スペイン語). El País (2011年2月6日). 2015年8月31日閲覧。
- ^ Haughton, Tim; Rybář, Marek (2006), “All Right Now? Explaining the Successes and Failures of the Slovak Centre-Right”, Centre-Right Parties in Post-Communist East-Central Europe (Routledge): p. 115
- ^ Henderson, Karen (1999), “Minorities and Politics in the Slovak Republic”, Minorities in Europe: Croatia, Estonia and Slovakia (Cambridge University Press): p. 150
- ^ Bunce, Valerie; Wolchik, Sharon L. (2011), Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries, Cambridge University Press, p. 64
- ^ Tom Lansford, ed (2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. CQ Press. p. 5557. ISBN 978-1-4833-7155-9
- ^ Novak, Marja (19 June 2014). “Slovene PM hopeful says is against Telekom privatisation”. Reuters
- ^ “Opinon poll: 41 percent of Slovenians want Miro Cerar as prime minister”. MMC RTV SLO. (16 June 2014)
- ^ Nuttall, Clare (24 June 2014). “Newcomer leads in Slovenian election campaign”. BNE Business News Europe
- ^ Matej Makarovič; Matevž Tomšič (2009). “‘Left‘ and ’Right’ in Slovenian Political Life and Public Discourse”. In Constantine Arvanitopoulos. Reforming Europe: The Role of the Centre-Right. Springer. p. 264
- ^ Danica Fink-Hafner (2006). “Slovenia: Between Bipolarity and Broad Coalition-Building”. In Susanne Jungerstam-Mulders. Post-communist EU Member States: Parties and Party Systems. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-7546-4712-6
- ^ Bakke 2010, p. 244.
- ^ Fink-Hafner, Danica (2010), “Slovenia since 1989”, Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989 (Cambridge University Press): p. 244 9 November 2011閲覧。
- ^ Seán Hanley (2006), “Blue Velvet: The Rise and Decline of the New Czech Right”, in Aleks Szczerbiak; Seán Hanley, Centre-Right Parties in Post-Communist East-Central Europe, Routledge, p. 29
- ^ “Středopravicová-konzervativní strana tu už existuje, říká Šojdrová. Je to KDU-ČSL!”. KDU.cz. 8 October 2015閲覧。
- ^ “Mgr. Jiří Junek”. KDU.cz. 8 October 2015閲覧。
- ^ “Lidovci představili volební program, slibují nižší daně”. Novinky.cz. 8 October 2015閲覧。
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (25 July 2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2
- ^ Sarah Elise Wiliarty (2010). The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party. Cambridge University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-521-76582-4 17 August 2012閲覧。
- ^ Mark Kesselman; Joel Krieger; Christopher S. Allen; Stephen Hellman (2008). European Politics in Transition. Cengage Learning. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-618-87078-3 17 August 2012閲覧。
- ^ Christina Boswell; Dan Hough (2009). Politicizing migration: Opportunity or liability for the centre-right in Germany. Routledge. pp. 18, 21
- ^ Klaus Detterbeck (2012). Multi-Level Party Politics in Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 105
- ^ Margret Hornsteiner; Thomas Saalfeld (2014). Parties and the Party System. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 80
- ^ Margret Hornsteiner; Thomas Saalfeld (2014). “Parties and the Party System”. In Stephen Padgett; William E. Paterson; Reimut Zohlnhöfer. Developments in German Politics 4. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-137-30164-2
- ^ Irina Stefuriuc (2013). Government Formation in Multi-Level Settings: Party Strategy and Institutional Constraints. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-137-30074-4
- ^ Christina Boswell; Dan Hough (2013). “Politicizing Migration: opportunity or liability for the centre-right in Germany?”. In Tim Bale. Immigration and Integration Policy in Europe: Why Politics and the Centre-Right Matter. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-317-96827-6
- ^ Isabelle Hertner; James Sloam (2014). “The Europeanisation of the German party system”. In Erol Külahci. Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems. ECPR Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-907301-84-1
- ^ Dymond, Johnny (27 September 2009). “Merkel heading for new coalition”. BBC News
- ^ Peel, Quentin (9 May 2010). “Germans take weeks over coalition pacts”. Financial Times
- ^ “The Democratic Society”. National Coalition Party (KOK) (3 March 2014). 18 July 2017閲覧。
- ^ Lane, Jan-Erik; Ersson, Svante (2008). Josep M. Colomer. ed. The Nordic Countries: Compromise and Corporatism in the Welfare State. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2
- ^ Magstadt, Thomas M. (2011). Understanding Politics (9th ed.). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 183
- ^ Parrot, Clément (12 June 2017). “Législatives : les cinq raisons de la bérézina de la droite”. France Info 18 August 2017閲覧。
- ^ Baralon, Margaux (1 September 2016). “François Fillon, le plus à droite des Républicains”. Europe 1 18 August 2017閲覧。
- ^ Malosse, Diane (12 May 2017). “Droite : ces Républicains qui ne veulent pas se mettre en marche !”. Le Point 18 August 2017閲覧。
- ^ Galtier, Ludovic (12 March 2016). “Primaire Les Républicains : Jean-François Copé, le candidat de la "droite décomplexée", officiellement en campagne”. RTL 18 August 2017閲覧。
- ^ a b Nodia, Ghia; Pinto Scholtbach, Álvaro (2006), The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects, Eburon, p. 123
- ^ Nodia, Ghia; Pinto Scholtbach, Álvaro (2006), The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects, Eburon, p. 123
- ^ Nathaniel Copsey (2013). “Poland:An Awkward Partner Redeemed”. In Simon Bulmer; Christian Lequesne. The Member States of the European Union (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 191
- ^ Aleks Szczerbiak (2012). Poland Within the European Union: New awkward partner or new heart of Europe?. Routledge. p. 2
- ^ Jean-Michel De Waele; Anna Pacześniak (2011). “The Europeanisation of Poland's political parties and party system”. In Erol Külahci. Europeanisation and Party Politics. ECPR Press. p. 125
- ^ Foy, Henry (7 September 2014). “Polish premier’s departure leaves party facing test”. Financial Times 7 December 2014閲覧。
- ^ Viktor, Szary (9 September 2014). “Poland's PM Tusk, heading for Brussels, submits resignation”. Reuters 7 December 2014閲覧。
- ^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/22/polish-elections-2015-a-guide-to-the-parties-polls-and-electoral-system
- ^ https://books.google.pl/books?id=gyd9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=psl+centre-right&source=bl&ots=X4cqm4y_ww&sig=doSMmalUXCOhPnmz7PQoqaMtAKo&hl=pl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikmr299ePWAhXFuhQKHZHTC2gQ6AEIWjAG#v=onepage&q=psl%20centre-right&f=false
- ^ Dimitri Almeida (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Taylor & Francis. pp. 99–101. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0
- ^ David Gowland, David; Dunphy, Richard; Lythe, Charlotte (2006). The European Mosaic. London: Pearson. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-582-47370-6
- ^ Europa World Year Book 2. London: Taylor & Francis Group. (2004). p. 3484. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8
- ^ Sužiedėlis, Saulius (2011), “Union of the Fatherland”, Historical Dictionary of Lithuania (Scarecrow Press): p. 308
- ^ Duvold, Kjetil; Jurkynas, Mindaugas (2004), “Lithuania”, The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe (Edward Elgar Publishing): p. 163
- ^ Day, Alan John; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2002), “Homeland Union–Lithuanian Conservatives”, A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe (Routledge): p. 253
- ^ Jeffries, Ian (2004), The Countries of the Former Soviet Union at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century: The Baltic and European states in transition, Routledge, p. 224
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (24 July 2008). Comparative European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1 13 July 2013閲覧。
- ^ Aslund, Anders (2010) (英語), The Last Shall Be The First: The East European financial crisis, Peterson Institute for International Economics, p. 39, ISBN 978-0881325218 2020年8月11日閲覧。
- ^ a b Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven (2011) (英語). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. シュプリンガー・サイエンス・アンド・ビジネス・メディア. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642194139 2020年8月11日閲覧。
- ^ a b Erol Külahci (2012) (英語). Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems. ECPR Press studies. ECPR Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-907301-22-3 2020年8月11日閲覧。
- ^ Narcis George Matache (2018年5月3日). “Top 30 partide politice din România” (ルーマニア語). The New Federalist. 2020年8月11日閲覧。
- ^ “Romania” (英語). Europe Elects. 2020年5月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年8月11日閲覧。
- ^ Russian general elections 2011: parties. Euronews. (2011年11月20日)
- ^ “Serbia election: Pro-EU Prime Minister Vucic claims victory”. BBC. 25 September 2016閲覧。
- ^ Olszański, Tadeusz A. (17 September 2014), Ukraine’s political parties at the start of the election campaign, OSW—Centre for Eastern Studies
- ^ Kuzio, Taras (2011), “Ukraine: Muddling Along”, Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy (Rowman & Littlefield): p. 359
- ^ Dear Deputies (partology). Hromadske.tv. 9 February 2015
- ^ “Interview with Barrie Cassidy, Insiders, ABC” (英語). Liberal Party of Australia. (2016年8月28日) 2017年6月16日閲覧。
- ^ “New Zealand's center-right National Party wins election”. CNN. (20 September 2014) 20 September 2014閲覧。
- ^ Sabry, Bassem (12 September 2013), “The Uncertain Fate of Egypt’s Political Parties”, Al Monitor
- ^ Patrick Finney (2010). "Remembering the Road to World War Two: International History, National Identity, Collective Memory".
- ^ Nikkei Asian Review - Media Bias/Fact Check
- ^ “Who’s Right About the New US-South Korea Joint Military Exercise?”. The Diplomat (2019年3月8日). “The editorial boards of the center-right JoongAng Ilbo and right-leaning Chosun Ilbo newspapers were in staunch opposition.”
- ^ The Straits Times - Media Bias/Fact Check
- ^ The Times UK and The Sunday Times - Media Bias/Fact Check
- ^ Wall Street Journal - Media Bias/Fact Check