Nephrozoa

Nephrozoa; Sakup ti panawen: Ediakarano – Agdama, 555–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Ti dibersidad dagiti nephrozoa
Taksonomia
Pagarian:	Animalia
Subpagarian:	Eumetazoa
Klado:	Bilateria
Klado:	Nephrozoa; Jondelius et al. , 2002
Dagiti pilo
	Ikaria †; Superpilo Deuterostomia Chordata; Ambulacraria (?) Hemichordata; Echinodermata; ; ; Protostomia (di nairanggo) Superpilo Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha; Loricifera; Priapulida; Nematoda; Nematomorpha; Onychophora; Tardigrada; Arthropoda; ; Spiralia (di nairanggo) Superpilo Platyzoa Platyhelminthes; Gastrotricha; Chaetognatha; Rotifera; Acanthocephala; Gnathostomulida; Micrognathozoa; Cycliophora; ; Superpilo Lophotrochozoa Hyolitha †; Nemertea; Phoronida; Bryozoa; Entoprocta; Brachiopoda; Mollusca; Annelida; ; ; ;
Kapada a nagan
	Eubilateria Peter Ax, 1987

Ti Nephrozoa ket ti maysa a nangruna a klado dagiti bilateria, a nabingbingay kadagiti protostome ken dagiti deuterostome, nga aglaon kadagiti ganggani nga amin a pilo ti ayup ken dagiti sumurok a maysa a riwriw a sibibiag a sebbangan. Ti kabsatna a klado ket ti Xenacoelomorpha. Ti Ambulacraria (kombension a dagiti deuterostome) ket dati idi a naipampanunotan a kabsat iti Xenacoelomorpha, a mangbukel iti Xenambulacraria a kas dagiti basalo a Deuterostome, wenno basalo a Bilateria a mangpabalin nga imbalido ti Nephrozoa ken dagiti Deuterostome kadagiti nasapsapa a panagadal.^[1]^[2]^[3] Ti coelom, ti trakto ti pangalpaan ken dagiti pagrugitan nga organo, ken dagiti kordon ti nerbios ket napadur-as iti Nephrozoa.^[4] Naisuppiatan a, gapu ta ti protonephridia ket mabirukanda laeng kadagiti protostome, saanda a maikeddeng a kas maysa a sinapomorpia iti daytoy a grupo. Daytoy ket mangaramid iti Nephrozoa a kas maysa a saan a husto a nagan, a mangibati ti Eubilateria a kas ti nagan iti daytoy a klado.^[5]

Dagiti Chordata (a mangiraman kadagiti amin a bertebrata) ket dagiti deuterostome.^[6] Mabalin a ti agtawen iti 555 a riwriw a tawen a Kimberella ket maysa idi a protostome.^[7]^[8] No kastoy, ti kaibuksilanna daytoy ket dagiti kaputotan ti protostome ken deuterostome ket mabalin a nagsisinada iti panawen sakbay a nagparang ti Kimberella — iti saan a nakurkurang ngem 558 a riwriw a tawen ti napalabas, ken isu a nabaybayag a sakbay ti rugi ti Kambriano kadagiti 541 a riwriw a tawen ti napalabas.^[6]

Bilateria

Nephrozoa

525 mya

	Echinodermata

	Hemichordata

Protostomia

	Ecdysozoa

	Spiralia

610 mya

650 mya

Dagiti nagibasaran

^ Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology (iti Ingles). 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.
^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology (iti Ingles). 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.
^ Kapli, Paschalia; Telford, Maximilian J. (11 Dis 2020). "Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha". Science Advances (iti Ingles). 6 (10). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5162. Naala idi 17 Disiembre 2020.
^ Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature (iti Ingles). 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.
^ "Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Third Edition. By Claus Nielsen. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press ISBN: 978-0-19-960602-3 (hc); 978-0-19-960603-0 (pb). 2012". The Quarterly Review of Biology (iti Ingles). 87 (3): 258. Septiembre 2012. doi:10.1086/666815. ISSN 0033-5770.
^ ^a ^b Erwin, Douglas H.; Eric H. Davidson (1 Hulio 2002). "The last common bilaterian ancestor". Development (iti Ingles). 129 (13): 3021–3032. PMID 12070079.
^ Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Komarower, Patricia, dagiti ed. (2007), "Fedonkin, M.A.; Simonetta, A; Ivantsov, A.Y.", The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota, Special publications, vol. 286, Londres: Geological Society, pp. 157–179, doi:10.1144/SP286.12, ISBN 9781862392335, OCLC 156823511
^ Butterfield, N.J. (Disiembre 2006). "Hooking some stem-group "worms": fossil lophotrochozoans in the Burgess Shale". BioEssays (iti Ingles). 28 (12): 1161–6. doi:10.1002/bies.20507. PMID 17120226. S2CID 29130876.

Adu pay a mabasbasa

Balavoine, G. (17 Abril 1998). "EVOLUTION: One or Three Cambrian Radiations?". Science (iti Ingles). 280 (5362): 397–398. doi:10.1126/science.280.5362.397. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 84468701. Lay summary. {{cite journal}}: Ti dakamat ket agus-usar ti nasukatanen a parametro ti |lay-url= (tulong)
Bourlat, S; Nielsen, C; Economou, A; Telford, M (Oktubre 2008). "Testing the new animal phylogeny: A phylum level molecular analysis of the animal kingdom". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (iti Ingles). 49 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.008. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 18692145.
Jondelius, Ulf; Ruiz-Trillo, Inaki; Baguna, Jaume; Riutort, Marta (Abril 2002). "The Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians and not members of the Platyhelminthes". Zoologica Scripta (iti Ingles). 31 (2): 201–215. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00090.x. ISSN 0300-3256.

Dagiti akinruar a silpo

Dagiti datos a mainaig iti Nephrozoa iti Wikispecies

[PhilippePoustka2019-1] Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology (iti Ingles). 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.

[2] Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology (iti Ingles). 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.

[Kapli_2020-3] Kapli, Paschalia; Telford, Maximilian J. (11 Dis 2020). "Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha". Science Advances (iti Ingles). 6 (10). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5162. Naala idi 17 Disiembre 2020.

[4] Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature (iti Ingles). 530 (7588): 89–93. Bibcode:2016Natur.530...89C. doi:10.1038/nature16520. PMID 26842059. S2CID 205247296.

[5] "Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Third Edition. By Claus Nielsen. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press ISBN: 978-0-19-960602-3 (hc); 978-0-19-960603-0 (pb). 2012". The Quarterly Review of Biology (iti Ingles). 87 (3): 258. Septiembre 2012. doi:10.1086/666815. ISSN 0033-5770.

[Erwin20002-6] Erwin, Douglas H.; Eric H. Davidson (1 Hulio 2002). "The last common bilaterian ancestor". Development (iti Ingles). 129 (13): 3021–3032. PMID 12070079.

[Fedonkin2007-7] Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Komarower, Patricia, dagiti ed. (2007), "Fedonkin, M.A.; Simonetta, A; Ivantsov, A.Y.", The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota, Special publications, vol. 286, Londres: Geological Society, pp. 157–179, doi:10.1144/SP286.12, ISBN 9781862392335, OCLC 156823511

[Butterfield2006-8] Butterfield, N.J. (Disiembre 2006). "Hooking some stem-group "worms": fossil lophotrochozoans in the Burgess Shale". BioEssays (iti Ingles). 28 (12): 1161–6. doi:10.1002/bies.20507. PMID 17120226. S2CID 29130876.

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