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MINUSTAH

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Entèvansyon kas ble MINUSTAH nan èd imanitè aprè tranblemantè Dayiti 2010.

Misyon Nasyon Zini pou Estabilizasyon an Ayiti oubyen MINUSTAH, se yon misyon pou lapè ke ONI voye an Ayiti depi nan lane 2004. MINUSTAH sou zòd lame peyi Brezil.

Nan mwa me 2008, fòs la te gen yon total de 9 055 pèsonèl ak inifòm, 7 174 sòlda ak 1 881 polisye, ak volontè ONI.[1]

Istwa

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Jan manda Konsèy Sekirite Nasyon Zini an, MINUSTAH dwe itilize resous li yo, pou bay sekirite ak pwoteksyon pandan peryòd elektoral la, epi ede eta de dwa, sekirite piblik ak lòd piblik an Ayiti. [2]

MINUSTAH te kreye aprè rezolisyon 1542 ke Konsèy Sekirite Nasyon Zini te pran nan dat 30 avril 2004, paske li te konsidere ke sitiyasyon peyi Ayiti nan epòk sa te reprezante yon menas pou lòt peyi nan zòn nan.[3]

Sou 15 desanm 2004, kas ble ONI an te debake Site Solèy nan yon efò pou yo te ka pran kontwòl zòn nan epi mete lapè.[4]

Nan lane 2004, òganizasyon nan defans dwa moun te akize MINUSTAH ak Polis Nasyonal Ayiti nan patisipasyon nan plizyè zak sou sivil.[5],[6].

Aprè ONI te fin nye plizyè fwa patisipasyon li nan krim kont sivil yo, te anonse, sivil yo te ka asasinen, men se pa yon bagay ki te fèt avèk entansyon, e sa te rive nan efò y'ap fò pou fini ak fenomèn gang lan. Yo te di tou, ONI ak MINUSTAH regrète lanmò sivil sa yo pandan operasyon an. [7],[8].

Nan kòmansman lane 2005, lyetnan jeneral Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira kòmandan MINUSTAH, pandan li te ap patisipe nan yon reyinyon nan Kongrè peyi Brezil, te anonse ke kominote entènasyonal la ap mete presyon sou yo pou yo fè vyolans, li te site Kanada, Lafrans, ak Etazini. [9]

Pita nan menm ane a, li te demisyone, e nan 1e septanm 2005, yo te nonmen jeneral Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar nan plas li. Nan 7 janvye 2006, yo te jwenn Bacellar mouri nan chanm otèl li te ye a.[10]

Aprè lanmò Bacellar, yo te nonmen jeneral Eduardo Aldunate Hermann ki sòti nan peyi Chili.

Nan dat 17 janvye 2006, yo te anonse ke jeneral brezilyen José Elito Carvalho de Siqueira te a pral ranplase Bacellar nan tèt ONI an Ayiti.[11]

Nan dat 14 fevriye 2006, aprè rezolisyon 1658 Konsèy Sekirite Nasyon Zini te pwolonje manda MINUSTAH pou dat 15 out 2006.[12]

Rwin Hôtel Christopher syèj Minustah nan Ayiti nan mwa janvye 2010.

MINUSTHA se premyè misyon nan zòn nan, ke militè brezilyen dirije, ak prèsk tout sòlda yo soti nan Amerik Latin, pami peyi sa yo nou jwenn, Ajantin, Chili, Bolivi, Ekwatè ak Irigwe.[13] (nan anviwon 900 sòlda) [14]). Depi 1e septanm 2007, Tinizyen ki rele Hédi Annabi pran tèt MINUSTAH.[15].

Nan gwo Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti, katye jeneral MINISTAH ki te twouve li nan Otèl Christopher te efondre e plizyè dizèn nan pèsonèl la te disparèt, menm sitiyasyon sa te prezante nan otèl Montana tou.

Rapò ak Rezolisyon Nasyon Zini

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yon sòlda brezilyen MINUSTAH avèk yon jènfi Dayiti.

Nan dat 23 fevriye 2004, CARICOM te rele Konsèy Sekirite Nasyon Zini pou premye fwa depi 4 ane pou li te ka bay rapò sou poukisa sitiyasyon peyi a vin pi mal. [16]

Sou 19 janvye 2004, Konsèy Sekirite Nasyon Zini an te pran yon rezolisyon kote yo aksepte ke prezidan Jean-Bertrand Aristide te demisyone e yo te fè Boniface Alexandre prete sèman kòm nouvo prezidan Ayiti daprè sa Konstitisyon an mande, e tout swit yo te bay lòd pou kreye yon fòs miltinasyonal pwovizwa.[17]

30 avril 2004 MINUSTAH te gen nan ran li 6 700 sòlda.[18]

Nan mwa jiyè 2004, Asanble Jeneral la te bay lòd pou finanse misyon an ak 200 milyon dola [19], sa ta pral mennen youn konferans ak donatè yo nan vil Washington, D.C.[20].

Yo te depoze premye rapò sou aktivite MINUSTAH a nan mwa out.[21].

Nan mwa septanm, prezidan pwovizwa a te pran lapawòl devan Asanble Jeneral Nasyon Zini an, pou l' te ka konfime sipò li ak MINUSTAH [22].

Nan novanm, yon dezyèm rapò te kreye[23], ak manda Konsèy Sekirite MINUSTAH[24].

Konsèy Sekirite a te pwolonje manda MINUSTAH pou lane 2008[25].

18 janvye 2010, aprè tranbleman de tè a, rezolisyon 1908 Konsèy Sekirite ONI a, deside ke MINUSTAH dwe gen 8 940 militè, ak yon polis ki gen 3 711 ajan.

Estati Aktyèl

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Menm si MINUSTAH rive nan peyi a depi 2004, jis nan lane 2007, li t'ap lite ak gang. Yo kontwole antre bidonvil Site Solèy la, yo bloke wout la ak gwo machin blennde[26]. Nan janvye 2006, de sòlda jòdanyen te jwenn lanmò yo nan Site Solèy.[27] Nan mwa oktòb 2006, yon gwoup polisye Polisye Nasyonal Ayiti a ak gwo zam lou te rantre nan Site Solèy pou premye fwa depi 3 lane e yo te rete pou inèdtan ak twoup MINUSTAH pou mennen patwouy nan zòn nan. Katye sa, sèvi kachèt pou bandi yo al sere moun yo kidnape.[28] Anvan nwèl 2006 lan, fòs Nasyon Zini yo te anonse ke yo ta pral' pran poszisyon ki pi sevè kont manm gang yo nan Pòtoprens.

Prezidan René Préval, deklare ke si « pèp Ayisyen an ta mande pou MINUSTAH kite peyi a, li t'ap di wi».[29]

Nan mwa avril 2008, Ayiti te konnen yon gwo kriz alimentè ak gouvènmantal, peyi pat' estab paske Palman an te echwe nan rektifikasyon youn Premye minis. Te gen anpil anpil dezòb, ki te fè sòlda ONI yo te tire bal cawotcho.[30] Chèf MINUSTAH a te mande pou youn nouvo gouvènman pi vit ke posib. Pandan tan sa, ONI bay èd manje.[31]

Konpozisyon

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Kat deplwaman MINUSTAH nan mwa desanm 2006.

Kòmand fòs militè MINUSTAH a :

  • Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira, Brezil, 2004 a out 2005 ;
  • Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar, Brezil, septanm 2005 a janvye 2006 ;[35]
  • Eduardo Aldunate Herman, Chili, janvye 2006 (pwovizwa) ;
  • José Elito Carvalho Siqueira, Brezil, janvye 2006 a janvye 2007 ;[36]
  • Carlos Alberto Dos Santos Cruz, Brezil, janvye 2007.[37]

Pèsonèl miltè a gen yon total de (7 041 - fevriye 2009) gen sitwayen peyi sa yo ladan li :[38],[39]

Ajantin (558), Bolivi (208), Brezil (1282), Kanada (4), Chili (499), Kwoasi (3), Repiblik Dominikèn (2), Ekwatè (67), Frans (2), Gwatemala (118), Jòdani (728), Meksik (6), Nepal (1 075), Paragwey (31), Pewou (209), Filipin (157), Sri Lanka (959), Etazini (4), Irigwe (1 135).

Pèsonèl la polis la / pèsonèl sivil (chif total 2 038, fevriye 2009) gen sitwayen peyi sa yo ladan li :[38],[39]

Aljeri (1), Benen (32), Brezil (4), Boukinafaso (26), Kamewoun (8), Kanada (94), Repiblik Santarikèn (7), Tchad (3), Chili (15), la Chin (143), Kolonbi (7), Kòt divwa (60), RD Kongo (2), Ejip (22), El Salvador (7), Frans (64), Grenad (3), Gine (55), End (139), Itali (4), Jamayik (5), Jòdani (312), Madagaska (2), Mali (55), Nepal (168), Nijè (62), Nijerya (128), Oman (2), Pakistan (248), Filipin (18), Woumani (23), Federasyon Risi (10), Wanda (14), Senegal (131), Afrik di Sid (2), Espay (41), Sri Lanka (7), Togo (5), Tiki (46), Etazini(48), Irigwe (7), Yemenn (1).

Eskandal

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Gen anpil eskandal ak objektif misyon an fè yo kritike li anpil e mande pou li ale.

Pasyalite politik

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Misyon de estabilizasyon Nasyon Zini an nan peyi Ayiti se sèl misyon militè enpòtan Nasyon Zini ki rive nan yon peyi ki gen konfli entèn san ke pa gen akò la pè ki siyen ant pati politik yo.[40]. Anpil moun panse ke MINUSTAH se yon plam Etazini, Kanada ak La Frans pou yo te ka mete Prezidan popilè ki te eli demokratikman an Jean-Bertrand Aristide, pou yo ka afebli patizan Fanmi Lavalas li yo, ak pou bay sekirite gouvènman Gérard Latortue a ke oksidan te mete nan plas li. Nan lane 200, youn rapò siyen pa Harvard Law Student Advocates for Human Rights montre a klè ke fòs ONI a gen pou objektif kouvri zak asasinay kap fèt nan bidonvil ki nan Pòtoprens yo [41], kote nou jwenn anpil patizan Aristide ak Fanmi Lavalas.[42]

Eskandal 6 jiyè 2005

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Nan dat 6 jiyè 2005, MINUSTAH debake Site Sòley pòt pawòl MINUSTAH a afime que yo te vin dèyè youn gwoup gang ki te gen nan tèt li Dread Wilmé. Daprè kèk sous pwòch Lavalas. ak kèk jounalis tankou Kevin Pina, yo anonse ke MINUSTAH te vinn kraze sivil ki t'ap sipòte ansyen chèf leta peyi Ayiti a Jean-Bertrand Aristide, anvan eleksyon yo te komanse. [43].

Daprè estimasyon sila yo ki t'ap defan kòz ke ta sanble MINUSTAH te vinn touye patizan Aristide yo avan eleksyon fè, da gen 5 a plis que 80 moun ki mouri. Te gen anpil divèjans sou dekwa ta gen ajan MINUSTAH ki ta mouri, men tout moun te dakò ke Dread Wilwé te mouri nan oprasyon an. Pòt pawòl MINUSTAH te rele Dread Wilmé « gangster ». Men lòt ta konside l' tankou dirigean ak youn mati [44]

Eskandal 18 jen 2008

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Fanmi Lavalas, se pi gwo pati politik ak mouvman popilè an Ayiti, pandan yo t'ap patisipe nan antèman Pè Gérard Jean-Juste, nan dat 18 jen anpil kout zanm te tire pou yo te ka gaye manifestasyon an, anpil moun ki la, di ke se sòlda brezilyen ki te tire a, paske yo te vle arete youn nan manifestan yo. ONI te voye jete tout akizasyon sa yo e yo di ke moun nan te mouri apre kèk moun nan manifestasyon an ta tire kout wòch. [45].

Pwosedi devan la lwa

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Youn pwosè ki ta enplike batayon brezilyen an nan fòs MINUSTAH, ap dewoule nan La kou entèamerikèn dwa moun (CIDH). Se avoka Mario Joseph k'ap travay nan Biwo Avoka Entènasyonal (BAI) ak Brian Concannon k'ap travay nan Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti (IJDH), y'ap defann Jimmy Charles, ki se youn militan ke yo te arete nan lane 2005. Men kèk jou aprè, you te jwenn kadav li nan mòg plen ak tou bal. [46] BAI te pote plent devan tribinal ayisyen yo, men sa pat' pote okenn rezilta, se sak' fè nan kòmansman lane 2006, yo te pote ka douvan CIDH, men CIDH aksepte ka leta Ayisyen an, men li bay pa Brezil la do.[47]

Anèks

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Sous

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  • Youn rapò delegasyon US Labor and Human Rights nan peyi Ayiti
  • The Power Hour,yon lòt sitwèb pwòch Lavalas

Gade tou

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Jeneralite

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Misyon lapè Nasyon Zini

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Misyon Nasyon Zini te voye an Ayiti anvan

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Nòt ak Referans

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  1. ↑ http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minustah/facts.html Haïti - MINUSTAH - Faits et chiffres 14 out 2007
  2. ↑ http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=17082&Cr=Haiti&Cr1 Haiti: former Senator detained after UN mission finds illegal weapons 14 out 2007
  3. ↑ http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minustah/mandate.html Haïti - MINUSTAH - Mandat 15 out 2007
  4. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4096841.stm UN peacekeepers storm Haiti slum BBC News, 16 out 2007
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050514024223/http://www.law.miami.edu/cshr/CSHR_Report_02082005_v2.pdf Haïti: Human Rights Investigation 11-21 novanm 2004 - Miami loi - 15 out 2007 - pdf
  6. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050525234316/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360602004?open&of=ENG-HTI Haïti: Amnesty International mande gouvènman tranzisyon an pou l' mete an plas youn komisyon pou mennen ankèt sou asasina ki ta sanble ke polis nasyonal la te komèt - Amnesty International - 15 out 2007
  7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154521/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article337553.ece UN admits civilians may have died in Haiti peacekeeping raid - The Independent - 15 out 2007
  8. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050830123927/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/minustah/pb060705e.pdf - MINUSTAH Deklarasyon ki gen rapò ak operasyon ki te fèt nan Site Solèy nan dat 5 jiyè 2005 - Mission de stabilisation des Nations Unies en Haïti - 15 out 2007 - pdf
  9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125157/http://www.zmag.org/content/print_article.cfm?itemID=6995&sectionID=55 - Canada plays big role in propping up Haiti regime - ZNet - 15 out 2007
  10. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4590700.stm - Haiti UN mission chief found dead - BBC News - 15 out 2007
  11. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4624962.stm - New peacekeeping head for Haiti - BBC News - 15 out 2007
  12. ↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-02/15/content_4180775.htm - Konsèy sekirite Nasyon Zini an mande pèp ayisyen an pou bay vyolans do - Xinhua Net - 15 out 2007
  13. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20051102185929/http://www.focal.ca/pdf/Latam_military.pdf - L'évolution du rôle des militaires en Amérique latine - Focal - 15 out 2007
  14. ↑ Continúa la febril búsqueda de oficial del Ejército entre escombros de base de ONU, La República, 14 janvye 2010
  15. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080108084526/http://www.minustah.org/articles/639/1/Prise-de-fonction-du-nouveau-Representant-special-du-Secretaire-general-des-Nations-Unies-pour-Haiti-et-Chef-de-la-MINUSTAH/PIOPR347FR2007.html - Prise de fonction du nouveau représentant spécial du secrétaire général des Nations unies pour Haïti et chef de la MINUSTAH - MINUSTAH - 31 out 2007
  16. ↑ Rapò Konsèy Sekirite 26 fevriye 2004. S-PV-4917. Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  17. ↑ Rezolisyon 1529 Konsèy Sekirite 29 fevriye 2004. S-RES-1529 (2004). Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  18. ↑ Rezolisyo1542 Konsèy Sekirite 30 avril 2007. S-RES-1542 (2004). Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  19. ↑ Rezolisyon 311 58e Sesyon Asanble Jeneral la nan dat 30 jiyè 2004. A-RES-58-311. Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  20. ↑ Deklarasyon prezidansyèl 10 septanm 2004 Konsèy Sekirite , p.2. S-PRST-2004-32. Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  21. ↑ Dokiman 698, 30 out 2004 Konsèy Sekirite. S-2004-698. Verifye oktòb 2007
  22. ↑ Compte rendu in extenso du 22 septembre 2004 de la 6e réunion de la 59e session de Assemblée générale, p.8. A-59-PV.6. Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  23. ↑ Rapò 908 Sekretè jeneral MINUSTAH 18 novanm 2004 nan Konsèy Sekirite a. S-2004-908. verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  24. ↑ Compte rendu in extenso du 29 novembre 2004 de la réunion 5090 du Conseil de sécurité. S-PV-5090. Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  25. ↑ Rezolisyon 1780 15 oktòb 2007 Konsèy sekirite S-RES-1780(2007). Verifye 18 oktòb 2007
  26. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224814/http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine2006_2/10-11.html - L'espoir du changement en Haïti, Cité-Soleil - Editeur International de la Croix-Rouge - 16 out 2007
  27. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4622772.stm - Two UN soldiers killed in Haiti - BBC News - 16 out 2007
  28. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2006/10/061004_soleil.shtml - Haïti police visit gang bastion - BBC Caraïbes - 2 out 2007
  29. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/08/070802_haitun.shtml - UN chief visits Haiti- BBC Caraïbes - 2 out 2007
  30. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7341683.stm - Calm returns to Haiti after riots - éditeur = BBC News - 13 jiyè 2008
  31. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7353712.stm - UN appeals to Haitian politicians - BBC News - 13 jiyè 2008
  32. ↑ http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sga881.doc.htm - Gabriele Juan Valdes eli reprezantan espesyal ONI an Ayiti - 13 jiyè 2008
  33. ↑ http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sga1007.doc.htm - Sekretè jeneral la nonmen Edmond Mulet reprezantan espesyal an Ayiti - 13 jiyè 2008
  34. ↑ http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sga1081.doc.htm - Le Secrétaire général nomme M. Hédi Annabi, représentant spécial de la Tunisie, chef de la Mission de stabilisation des Nations Unies en Haïti - 13 jiyè 2008
  35. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4205630.stm - New commander leads Haiti force - BBC News
  36. ↑ http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2006/sga975.html - Le Secrétaire général nomme le lieutenant-général José Elito Siqueira Carvalho nouveau commandant de la Force de la Mission des Nations unies en Haïti - www.unis.unvienna.org
  37. ↑ http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21192&Cr=haiti&Cr1 - Haiti: Brazilian general to be new Force Commander for UN peacekeeping mission
  38. ↑ 38,0 et 38,1 http://www.un.org/depts/dpko/missions/minustah/facts.html - Mission de stabilisation des Nations Unies en Haïti - Organisation des Nations Unies
  39. ↑ 39,0 et 39,1 Contributions à la Mission de l'ONU par pays, Òganizasyon Nasyon Zini
  40. ↑ Lindsay, Reed. Peace despite the Peacekeepers in Haiti. NACLA Report on the Americas 39:6 (me 2006) : 31-6, p.34
  41. ↑ Harvard Law Student Advocates for Human Rights and Centro de Justica Global. Keeping the Peace in Haiti? An Assessment of the UN Stabilization Mission In Haiti, mas 2005
  42. ↑ Hallward, Peter. Damming the Flood: Haiti, Aristide and the Politics of Containment, p.280. Verso 2007
  43. ↑ http://www.nowtoronto.com/news/story.cfm?content=148513&archive=24,47,2005 Naomi Klein - My date with Aristide Ousted Haitian prez reveals he was tossed because he refused to privatize - 21-28 jiyè 2005
  44. ↑ http://www.margueritelaurent.com/pressclips/haitianlawyers.html - Haitian Lawyers Leadership Network - 15 out 2007
  45. ↑ A funeral and a boycott : The combat continues in Haïti, Topix News
  46. ↑ http://www.ijdh.org/Charles1.JPG - Photo de Jimmy Charles à la morgue - Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti
  47. ↑ Recevabilité Jimmy Charles c. Haïti, Case 81-06, Report No. 65/06, Inter-Am. C.H.R., OEA/Ser.L/V/II.127 Doc. 4 rev. 1 (2007)

Lyen deyò

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