کاربر:Mahdifahimi 135/گاه‌شمار درگیری اسرائیل و فلسطین
این گاه‌شمار مناقشه اسرائیل و فلسطین وقایع از سال ۱۹۴۸ تا کنون را فهرست می‌کند. درگیری اسرائیل و فلسطین از درگیری بین جمعی در فلسطین قیمومیت بین یهودیان فلسطینی و اعراب پدید آمد که اغلب به عنوان پس زمینه درگیری اسرائیل و فلسطین توصیف می‌شود. درگیری در مرحله مدرن خود از زمان اعلام دولت اسرائیل در ۱۴ مه ۱۹۴۸ و در نتیجه مداخله ارتش های عربی به نمایندگی از اعراب فلسطینی شکل گرفت.
زمینه
[ویرایش]اسرائیل در ۱۴ مه ۱۹۴۸ استقلال خود را به دست آورد، در حالی که تلاش فلسطینیان برای ایجاد کشوری در نوار غزه در سپتامبر ۱۹۴۸ تحت الحمایه مصر شکست خورد و عملاً توسط ارتش مصر مدیریت و در سال ۱۹۵۹ منحل شد.
۱۹۴۸-۱۹۴۹: جنگ اعراب و اسرائیل
[ویرایش]| روز، ماه | رویداد(ها) |
|---|---|
۱۹۴۸[ویرایش] | |
| May ۱۳ | Haganah took control of Jaffa. After most of the Arab population fled the city, its ۱۹۴۷ population of ۷۰,۰۰۰ was reduced to ۴,۰۰۰.[۱] |
| May ۱۴ | The Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation declaring "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel".[۲] |
| At midnight the British Mandate over Palestine terminated.[۳] | |
| May ۱۵ | Following a letter from the Agent of the new Provisional Government to President Truman that the state of Israel has been proclaimed as an independent republic within frontiers approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations,[۴] the United States recognized the provisional government as the de facto authority of the new State of Israel. |
| Members of the Arab League – Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Transjordan, the Holy War Army and the Arab Liberation Army, marched their forces into what had the previous day ceased to be the British Mandate for Palestine. The League of Arab States sent a cablegram to the Secretary-General of the United Nations saying, "On the occasion of the intervention of Arab States in Palestine to restore law and order and to prevent disturbances prevailing in Palestine from spreading into their territories and to check further bloodshed". | |
| May ۲۳ | Thomas C. Wasson, US Consul General, assassinated in Jerusalem. |
| June | Violent confrontation between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) under the command of David Ben-Gurion, and the paramilitary Jewish group Irgun known as The Altalena Affair resulted in the dismantlement of the Irgun, Lehi, and all Israeli paramilitary organizations operating outside the IDF. Infiltration by Palestinian fedayeen began from Egypt, resulting in many minor skirmishes, raids and counter-raids, causing hundreds of casualties on both sides, including many civilians. One thousand three hundred Israelis were killed or wounded in paramilitary attacks. |
| September ۱۹ | Folke Bernadotte, United Nations Peace Envoy, assassinated in Jerusalem. |
| September ۲۲ | The All-Palestine Government assembled in the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip and was recognized by all members of the Arab League except Jordan. |
| October ۲۸ | The Israeli army killed at least ۷۰ villagers at Al-Dawayima. |
۱۹۴۹[ویرایش] | |
| February–July | Israel concluded the Armistice Agreements with neighbouring countries. The territory of the Mandatory Palestine was divided between the State of Israel, the Transjordan and the All-Palestine Government in Gaza, under prefecture of Egypt. During and after the war about ۷۱۱,۰۰۰ Palestinian Arabs became displaced and refugees. ۸۰۰,۰۰۰–۱,۰۰۰,۰۰۰ Jews living in Muslim countries left or were expelled during or after the war. |
| February ۲۴ | Armistice signed with Egypt. |
| February | ۱۴۸ infiltrators killed by the Israeli army during February in area around Majdal/Ashkelon.[۵] |
| March ۲۳ | Armistice signed with Lebanon. |
| April ۳ | Armistice signed with Transjordan. |
| June | Israeli army killed ۹۳ infiltrators along Southern Jordan and Gaza Strip borders. |
| July ۳۰ | Armistice signed with Syria. |
| July | ۵۹ infiltrators killed by Israeli army. It is estimated that at least ۱۰۰۰ were killed during ۱۹۴۹, the vast majority of them unarmed. |
۱۹۴۸–۱۹۶۶
[ویرایش]بین سال‌های ۱۹۴۹ تا ۱۹۵۳، ۹۹ شکایت از سوی اسرائیل درباره نفوذ گروه‌ها یا افراد مسلح و ۳۰ شکایت از یگان‌های مسلح اردنی که وارد خاک اسرائیل شده بودند، مطرح شد. [۶] صدها غیرنظامی اسرائیلی توسط عوامل نفوذی کشته شدند و برخی مورد تجاوز جنسی قرار گرفتند و مثله شدند. اسرائیل در پاسخ به حملات تلافی جویانه متعددی اقدام کرد. بین سال های ۱۹۴۹ تا ۱۹۵۶، ۲۸۶ غیرنظامی اسرائیلی کشته شدند. در همین دوره، بدون احتساب جنگ سوئز ، ۲۵۸ سرباز اسرائیلی کشته شدند. بین ۲۷۰۰ تا ۵۰۰۰ نفوذی عرب کشته شدند. مشخص نیست که آیا این اعراب واقعاً نفوذی بودند یا صرفاً عبور کنندگان غیرمجاز بودند، زیرا بسیاری از فلسطینی ها به دلایل اقتصادی وارد اسرائیل می‌شدند. [۷] با توجه به سطح خونریزی، نیروهای اسرائیلی لزوماً با هر کسی که قصد ورود غیرمجاز را داشته باشد، به عنوان نفوذی احتمالی برخورد می‌کرد.
| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
۱۹۵۱[ویرایش]The State of Israel was confronted by a wave of Palestinian infiltrations (fedayeen). In ۱۹۵۱, ۱۱۸ Israelis, including ۴۸ civilians, were killed by such infiltrators. According to Israeli army records, an average of ۳۶ infiltrators were killed each month during ۱۹۵۱. Arabs were also being attacked by the Israelis, and the overall situation deteriorated. Israel began Retribution Operations as punishment and prevention measures. | |
| February ۶–۷ | Sharafat, a village south-west of Jerusalem, attacked by Israeli army. Nine villagers killed. |
۱۹۵۲[ویرایش]۶۸ Israelis, including ۴۲ civilians, were killed by Palestinian infiltrators. The Israeli army killed a monthly average of ۳۳ people crossing the armistice lines, including ۷۸ in March and ۵۷ in April.[۸] | |
| January ۶–۷ | Israeli army attack Bayt Jala killed six. |
۱۹۵۳[ویرایش]۷۱ Israelis, including ۴۴ civilians, killed by Palestinian infiltrators. | |
| April ۲۲ | At least six Jordanian soldiers killed by Israeli sniper fire from West Jerusalem. |
| May ۱۷–۲۳ | Operation "Viper on the Track": seven West Bank villages and a Bedouin camp in Israel attacked by Israeli army. |
| August ۱۱–۱۲ | Operation "Vengeance and Reprisal": four West Bank villages attacked by Israeli army, including al-Khader and Surif. Six people killed. |
| October ۱۶ | Qibya massacre. Unit ۱۰۱, commanded by Ariel Sharon, carried out a raid on the village of Qibya. Over ۶۰ Arabs killed. |
۱۹۵۴[ویرایش]۵۷ Israelis killed, including ۳۳ civilians. Israeli Border Police record between May and December they killed ۵۱ infiltrators.[۹] | |
| March ۱۶–۱۷ | Ma'ale Akrabim massacre: Arab gang attacked an Israeli civilian bus, killing ۱۱.[۱۰] |
| April ۲۸–۲۹ | Operation "Lion": Nahhalin village attacked by Israeli army. Nine people killed: four National Guardsmen, three Jordanian soldiers, the village mukhtar and a woman.[۱۱] |
| July ۱۰–۱۲ | Operation "Eye for an Eye": An Israeli company led by Ariel Sharon attacked a post on the Gaza border near Kissufim, killing ۹ or ۱۰ Palestinian gendarmes.[۱۲] |
| July ۲۳–۲۴ | Start of the Lavon Affair. |
۱۹۵۵[ویرایش]۷۴ Israelis killed, including ۲۴ civilians. The Israeli army recorded ۳۶ hostile infiltrators as killed.[۹] | |
| February ۲۸ – March ۱ |
Operation "Black Arrow": Ariel Sharon led an Israeli attack on an Egyptian army base in the Gaza Strip, killing ۳۸ soldiers and two civilians.[۱۳] |
| August ۳۱ – September ۱ |
Israeli army attacked outskirts of Khan Yunis. ۷۲ Egyptians and Palestinians killed.[۱۴] |
| October ۲۷–۲۸ | Ariel Sharon led a force of ۲۰۰ Israeli paratroopers on an attack on Kuntilla. ۱۲ Egyptian soldiers killed.[۱۵] |
| November ۲–۳ | Operation "Volcano": the Israeli army attacked Egyptian army positions in al Sabha and Wadi Siram, killing ۸۱ Egyptian soldiers.[۱۶] |
| December ۱۱–۱۲ | Operation "Olive Leaves": a large Israeli force commanded by Ariel Sharon attacked Syrian positions east of Lake Tiberias. ۴۸ Syrian soldiers and six civilians killed.[۱۷] |
۱۹۵۶[ویرایش]۱۱۷ Israelis killed, including ۵۴ civilians (excluding soldiers killed during the attack on the Suez Canal).[۱۸] | |
| April ۵ | Moshe Dayan ordered the shelling of the centre of Gaza City with ۱۲۰ mm mortars. ۵۷ civilians and four Egyptian soldiers killed.[۱۹] |
| October ۹ | Qalqilya police station attacked by an Israeli battalion-sized force that included armour and artillery. Between ۷۰ and ۹۰ Jordanians killed.[۱۷] |
| October ۲۹ – November |
Suez Crisis. Israel invaded Egypt's Sinai Peninsula with covert assent from France and Britain. The European nations had economic and trading interests in the Suez Canal, while Israel wanted to reopen the canal for Israeli shipping and end Egyptian-supported fedayeen incursions and attacks. Israel completely withdrew six months later when Egypt assured Israel unimpeded navigation and safety. |
| In the Kafr Qasim massacre, ۴۸ or ۴۹ Arab civilians were killed by the Israel Border Police as they returned to their village from work. | |
۱۹۵۷[ویرایش] | |
| March | Israel withdrew its forces from the Sinai Peninsula, ending the Suez Crisis. |
۱۹۵۹[ویرایش]The Cairo-born Yasser Arafat formed Fatah to conduct guerrilla warfare operations against Israel. | |
۱۹۶۳[ویرایش]In a new wave of Arab socialism, the Ba'ath Party took power in Iraq and Syria. Among the key Ba'ath aims was the support of the Palestinian cause.[نیازمند منبع][citation needed] | |
۱۹۶۴[ویرایش] | |
| February ۳ | The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded in Cairo by the Arab League. Ahmad Shuqeiri was its first leader, although the organization was de facto controlled by the Egyptian government. The PLO stated their goal as the destruction of the State of Israel through armed struggle and its replacement with an "independent Palestinian state" between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. |
۱۹۶۷-۱۹۷۳
[ویرایش]| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
۱۹۶۷[ویرایش] | |
| June | The Six-Day War. Israel launched a defensive strike on Egyptian Air Force (June ۵), following Egyptian naval blockade of the Straits of Tiran (May ۲۲) and Egyptian military buildup in the Sinai Peninsula (May ۱۶), interpreted as acts of war. Attack quickly turned into a regional war, in which Israel defeated the combined forces of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and their supporters. It captured the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, East Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The number of war casualties estimated between ۱۵,۰۰۰ and ۲۵,۰۰۰. |
| September ۱ | The Khartoum Resolution issued at the Arab Summit with eight Arab countries adopted the "three "no"s": ۱. No peace with Israel; ۲. No recognition of Israel; ۳. No negotiations with Israel. |
| November ۲۲ | The UN Security Council adopts Resolution ۲۴۲, the "land for peace" formula, which has been the starting point for further negotiations. |
۱۹۶۸[ویرایش]Between ۱۹۶۸ and ۱۹۷۰, Egypt waged a War of Attrition against Israel. | |
| March ۲۱ | Israel fought the Battle of Karameh against Fatah and Jordanian forces. |
| December ۲۷–۲۸ | Israeli army launched an attack on Beirut airport, destroying ۱۳ aircraft valued at $۴۳.۸ million.[نیازمند منبع][citation needed] |
۱۹۶۹[ویرایش] | |
| February ۲ | Yasser Arafat, head of the Fatah party, appointed chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, replacing Ahmad Shukeiri, after Fatah became the dominant force in the PLO. |
| August ۲۱ | Denis Michael Rohan, an Australian Christian working on an Israeli kibbutz, set fire to the Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, causing extensive damage and destroying the ۱۲th century minbar.[۲۰] |
| September ۲۲–۲۵ | King Faisal of Saudi Arabia convened a conference in Rabat, Morocco, to discuss the arson attack on the Al Aqsa Mosque. The leaders of ۲۵ Muslim states attended and the conference called for Israel to give up territory conquered in ۱۹۶۷. The conference also set up the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and pledged its support for the Palestinians.[۲۱] |
۱۹۷۰[ویرایش] | |
| May ۸ | Avivim school bus massacre: Palestinian militants from Lebanon attacked an Israeli school bus, killing ۱۲ (mostly children) and wounding another ۱۹. |
| September | The PLO was driven out of Jordan, decamping to south Lebanon. |
۱۹۷۱[ویرایش] | |
| January ۲ | Murder of the Aroyo children. A Palestinian teenager threw a hand grenade into the moving car of the Aroyo family. The children, aged ۴ and ۷, were killed and the parents injured.[۲۲][۲۳] |
۱۹۷۲[ویرایش] | |
| May ۸ | A Sabena airplane flying from Vienna to Tel Aviv was hijacked by four members of Black September and held at Lod Airport. The hijackers demanded the release of ۱۰۰ Palestinian prisoners. Israeli paratroopers disguised as mechanics entered the aircraft, killed two of the hijackers and released ۹۰ passengers. |
| May ۳۰ | Lod Airport massacre. Acting on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Japanese Red Army members entered Lod Airport's waiting area and fired indiscriminately at staff, passengers and visitors. ۲۴ people were killed and ۷۸ injured. |
| July ۹ | PFLP spokesman and author Ghassan Kanafani and his ۱۷-year-old niece killed by an Israeli car bomb in Beirut. |
| July ۱۱ | A grenade thrown within Tel Aviv's bus terminal, claimed to be retaliation for Kanafani's killing, injures ۱۱. |
| July ۱۹ | Anis al-Sayigh, Director of the Beirut Center for Palestinian Affairs, injured by an Israeli letter bomb. |
| July ۲۵ | Bassam Abu Sharif, chief assistant to George Habash, badly injured by Israeli letter bomb delivered to PFLP offices in Beirut. |
| August ۵ | Ali Hasan Salameh, a Black September commander, led an attack on an American-owned oil-storage facility at Trieste in Italy. |
| September ۶ | The Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes by Palestinian militant group, Black September. The terrorists killed two of the athletes and took nine hostage, demanding the release of ۲۵۰ Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners held in Israel. They called their operation "Ikrit and Biram" after two villages in northern Israel. In an airport shoot-out with the West German police, five terrorists were killed, but not before they shot and killed the remaining Israeli hostages. This led Israel to launch reprisal assassinations known as Operation Wrath of God. |
| September ۱۱ | Zadock Ophir, a Mossad clerk at the Israeli embassy in Brussels shot and badly wounded by a Palestinian. |
| September ۱۹ | Ami Shchori, agricultural attaché at the Israeli embassy in London, killed by an Arab letter bomb. |
| October ۱۷ | Wa'el Zu'aiter, Fatah's representative in Rome, shot dead by Israeli agents. |
| December ۸ | Mahmoud Hamshari, PLO representative in Paris, badly wounded by an Israeli bomb. He died a month later. |
| December ۲۸ | Black September gunmen entered the Israeli embassy in Bangkok and took six Israeli hostage. They demanded the release of ۳۶ Palestinians. The hostages were released unharmed. |
۱۹۷۳[ویرایش] | |
| January ۲۴ | Hussein Abu al-Khair, Fatah representative in Cyprus, killed by an Israeli bomb in Nicosia. |
| January ۲۶ | Baruch Cohen, Mossad director of operations against Palestinians in Europe, killed in Madrid by a Fatah gunman. |
| February ۲۲ | Israeli Air Force jets shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight ۱۱۴ over Sinai, killing ۱۰۴ passengers and crew. |
| March ۶ | Black September gunmen attacked the Saudi embassy in Khartoum demanding the release of Abu Dawud held in Jordan. They murdered the American ambassador, Cleo Noel, the retiring American charge d'affairs, George Moore and a Belgian diplomat, Guy Eid. |
| March ۱۲ | Simha Gilzer, a Mossad agent, shot dead in Nicosia by Palestinian gunmen. |
| April ۶ | Basil Al Kubaisi, a PFLP official, killed by Israeli agents in Paris. [۲۴] |
| April ۹ | Operation "Spring of Youth": Israeli commandos raided PLO targets in Beirut. After Muhammad Youssef al-Najjar, Kamal Adwan and Kamal Nasser were killed at home, the resulting demonstrations brought down the Lebanese government. |
| April ۲۷ | An Israeli El Al employee was murdered in Rome by a Palestinian gunman. |
| June ۲۷ | Muhammad Boudia, an Algerian member of Fatah, killed in Paris by an Israeli bomb. |
| July ۲ | Yosef Alon, Israeli defense attaché, shot dead outside his home in Washington, D.C. |
| July ۲۱ | Mossad gunmen mistook a Moroccan waiter in Lillehammer, Norway for a perpetrator of the Munich massacre and shot him dead. Six Israelis captured and put on trial. |
| October | Yom Kippur War. Syria and Egypt unleashed a surprise attack on Israeli forces in the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula on the holiest day of the Hebrew calendar and last day of Ramadan. Jordan[نیازمند منبع], Iraq, and other Arab nations joined in and/or supported the Arab war effort. Many Israeli prisoners of war were tortured and killed by Egypt and Syria while in captivity.[۲۵][۲۶][۲۷] |
| October ۱۹ | In a speech to the US Congress, US President Richard Nixon requested permission to deliver large amounts of weapons to Israel. In response, King Faisal announced that Saudi Arabia would stop all oil shipments to the United States. The Netherlands was also included in the embargo.[نیازمند شفاف‌سازی][clarification needed] |
۱۹۷۴-۱۹۸۰s: شورش فلسطینیان در جنوب لبنان
[ویرایش]| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
۱۹۷۴[ویرایش] | |
| April ۱۱ | Kiryat Shmona massacre. The PFLP–GC militia crossed the border into Israel from Lebanon, entered an apartment building and killed all ۱۸ residents. Half were children. |
| May ۱۵ | Ma'alot massacre. The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacked a van killing two Israeli Arab women, entered an apartment and killed a family, and took over a local school and held ۱۱۵ students and teachers hostage. ۲۵ Israelis were killed at the school, including ۲۲ children, and ۶۸ were wounded. |
| October ۱۴ | The PLO was recognized by the UN General Assembly as the representative of the Palestinian people and was granted the right to participate in the deliberations on Palestine. |
| October ۲۶–۲۹ | The Arab League recognized the PLO as sole representative of the Palestinians. |
| November ۱۳ | Yasser Arafat addressed the United Nations General Assembly. |
| November ۲۲ | The United Nations General Assembly adopts Resolution ۳۲۳۶, which recognizes Palestinians right to self-determination, officiates the U.N.'s contact with the Palestine Liberation Organization, and added the "Question of Palestine" to the U.N. agenda, on top of promoting PLO non-observer status at UN assemblies, allowing them to participate in all Assembly sessions. |
۱۹۷۵[ویرایش] | |
| March ۴ | Savoy Operation. Eight Palestinian terrorists in two teams landed by boat in Tel Aviv. Shooting and throwing grenades, they captured the Savoy Hotel and took the guests as hostages. Five hostages were freed and eight killed. Three Israeli soldiers were also killed. |
| July ۴ | A "refrigerator bomb" in Jerusalem killed ۱۵ Israelis and wounded ۷۷. |
| November ۱۰ | United Nations General Assembly Resolution ۳۳۷۹, adopted by a vote of ۷۲ to ۳۵ with ۳۲ abstentions, "determines that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination". The resolution was revoked by Resolution ۴۶/۸۶ on December ۱۶, ۱۹۹۱. |
| November ۱۳ | An explosive charge went off near Cafe Naveh on Jaffa Road, near the pedestrian mall. Seven Israeli civilians killed and ۴۵ injured. |
۱۹۷۶[ویرایش] | |
| May ۳ | Ben Yehuda Street in Jerusalem bombed by Palestinian terrorists. ۳۳ civilians injured.[۲۸] |
| July ۴ | Operation "Entebbe". Air France Flight ۱۳۹, originating in Tel Aviv, took off from Athens, Greece, heading for Paris. It was hijacked by four terrorists (two from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and two from the radical German militant group Revolutionary Cells). Israel performed a rescue mission to free the ۲۴۸ passengers and ۱۲ crew members held hostage at Entebbe Airport in Uganda. |
۱۹۷۷[ویرایش] | |
| January ۳ | Mahmud Salih, PLO representative in Paris and manager of an Arab bookshop, killed by Israeli agents. |
۱۹۷۸[ویرایش] | |
| January ۴ | Sa'id Hammami, PLO representative in London and well-known dove, killed by an Abu Nidal gunman. |
| March ۱۱ | Coastal Road massacre. Fatah Palestinians killed an American photographer, hijacked a load bus and killed ۳۸ more Israelis, including ۱۳ children, and wounded ۷۶. |
| March ۱۴ | Operation "Litani". Israel, in alliance with the mostly Christian South Lebanon Army, launched a limited-scope invasion of Lebanon and attempted to push Palestinian militant groups away from the Israel border. The seven-day offensive resulted in ۱۰۰,۰۰۰ to ۲۸۵,۰۰۰ refugees created and between ۳۰۰ and ۱,۲۰۰ Lebanese and Palestinian militants and civilians killed. |
| June ۱۵ | Ali Yassin, PLO representative in Kuwait, killed by a member of the Abu Nidal group. |
| August ۵ | Yizz al-Din Qalaq, PLO representative in Paris and well-known dove, killed by an Abu Nidal gunman. |
| September ۱۷ | Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat signed the Camp David Accord, in which Israel agreed to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for peace and a framework for future negotiation over the West Bank and Gaza Strip. |
۱۹۷۹[ویرایش] | |
| January ۲۲ | Ali Hassan Salameh, head of Yasser Arafat's security unit Force ۱۷, killed by an Israeli car bomb in Beirut. |
| March ۱۴ | An Israeli was killed and ۱۳ people injured when an explosive charge blew up in a trash can in Zion Square, Jerusalem. |
| March ۲۶ | Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Egypt became the first Arab country to recognize Israel officially. |
| April ۲۲ | Samir Kuntar, a PLO operative, killed four Israelis in Nahariya, including two girls aged four and two. |
۱۹۸۰[ویرایش] | |
| October ۵ | A parcel bomb blast in a postal office in Givatayim, Tel Aviv killing three people and wounding seven others, and left material damage. The authorities said that de PFLP-GC carried the attack.[۲۹][۳۰] |
۱۹۸۱[ویرایش] | |
| June ۱ | Na'im Khudr, PLO representative in Brussels and well-known dove, killed by an Abu Nidal gunman. |
| July ۱۷ | Israel bombed the PLO headquarters in a civilian area of Beirut, causing over ۳۰۰ civilian deaths. The United States brokered a fragile cease-fire. |
| August ۲۹ | Abu Nidal terrorists attacked Vienna's <i id="mwAy4">Stadttempel</i>, the Austrian capital's principal synagogue. |
| October ۹ | Majid Abu Sharar, a prominent member of Fatah, killed by an Israeli bomb in Rome. |
| October ۲۰ | A truck bomb exploded in Antwerp, Belgium outside a Portuguese Jewish synagogue. |
۱۹۸۲[ویرایش] | |
| May ۱۵ | Israel, allied with Lebanese Christians, launched Operation "Peace for Galilee", an invasion of southern Lebanon against PLO, Syrian and Muslim Lebanese forces, claiming its purpose was to remove PLO forces camped there after several PLO cease-fire violations. The most notable of these was the Abu Nidal Organization attempt to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. As a result, the PLO leadership relocated to Tunis. |
| September | Sabra and Shatila massacre. Lebanese Phalangists massacred between ۷۶۲ and ۳,۵۰۰ civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, in Sabra and the Shatila refugee camp. While no Israeli soldiers were present in the fighting, Israeli Defense Minister, Ariel Sharon, was found to be indirectly responsible by negligence for the massacre by the Kahan Commission, and was asked to resign his position. The commission's conclusions were controversial and remain a subject of debate.[۳۱] |
| ۹ October ۱۹۸۲ | Great Synagogue of Rome attack.The ۱۹۸۲ Great Synagogue of Rome attack, which was carried out by armed Palestinian militants at the entrance to the Great Synagogue of Rome, took place on ۹ October ۱۹۸۲ at ۱۱:۵۵ a.m. A ۲-year-old toddler, Stefano Gaj Taché, was killed in the attack, while ۳۷ civilians were injured. |
دهه ۱۹۸۰
[ویرایش]| ماه روز | مناسبت ها) |
|---|---|
۱۹۸۳[ویرایش] | |
| ۱۰ آوریل | عصام سرطاوی یکی از نزدیکان یاسر عرفات و کبوتر برجسته توسط یک مرد مسلح ابونضال در لیسبون کشته شد. |
| مرداد | ارتش اسرائیل در اوت ۱۹۸۳ از اکثر مناطق لبنان عقب نشینی کرد و یک منطقه امنیتی خودخوانده در جنوب را حفظ کرد. |
| ۸ دسامبر | قتل دنی کاتز : جسد یک نوجوان ۱۴ ساله اسرائیلی با شواهد خفه کردن ، شکنجه و تجاوز جنسی مثله شده پیدا شد. پنج عرب به این قتل محکوم شدند. [۳۲] [۳۳] |
۱۹۸۵[ویرایش] | |
| ۹ آوریل | صنعا موحدلی از حزب سوسیال ناسیونالیست سوریه خود را در یک خودروی مملو از مواد منفجره در لبنان منفجر کرد و دو سرباز اسرائیلی را کشت و دو سرباز دیگر را مجروح کرد و اولین عامل انتحاری زن گزارش شده بود. |
| ۱ اکتبر | پس از کشته شدن سه غیرنظامی اسرائیلی در یک قایق تفریحی در سواحل قبرس توسط نیروی ۱۷ ساف، نیروی هوایی اسرائیل عملیات "پای چوبی" را انجام داد که در آن پایگاه ساف در تونس مورد حمله قرار گرفت و ۶۰ عضو ساف کشته شدند. |
| ۷ اکتبر | جبهه آزادیبخش فلسطین کشتی آشیل لورو را ربود و کشتی کروز را به سوریه هدایت کرد و مسافران و خدمه آن را گروگان گرفت و خواستار آزادی ۵۰ فلسطینی در زندان‌های اسرائیل شد. یک مرد به قتل رسید. لئون کلینگ هافر ، یهودی آمریکایی، که سی و ششمین سالگرد ازدواج خود را با همسرش در آشیل لورو جشن می‌گرفت. او در حالی که روی ویلچر نشسته بود از ناحیه پیشانی و سینه مورد اصابت گلوله قرار گرفت. |
| ۲۷ دسامبر | افراد مسلح شورای انقلاب فتح با هدف ربودن جت های ال ال و منفجر کردن آنها بر فراز تل آویو ، با تفنگ و نارنجک در فرودگاه های بین المللی رم و وین تیراندازی کردند و ۱۸ غیرنظامی را کشتند و ۱۳۸ نفر را زخمی کردند. شش نفر از هفت تروریست یا کشته یا اسیر شدند. |
۱۹۸۶[ویرایش] | |
| ۵ سپتامبر | پرواز ۷۳ بوئینگ ۷۴۷-۱۲۱ پان ام که بین بمبئی - کراچی - فرانکفورت - نیویورک پرواز می‌کرد، در حالی که در فرودگاه کراچی پاکستان روی زمین بود توسط چهار مرد مسلح فلسطینی سازمان ابونیدال ربوده شد. ۳۶۰ مسافر در این هواپیما بودند. در جریان این هواپیماربایی ۱۹ مسافر و ۲ خدمه از جمله ۱۲ هندی کشته شدند. ۱ هواپیماربای در حال گذراندن دوران محکومیت خود در ایالات متحده است، در حالی که ۳ هواپیماربای و ۱ هوادار در ژانویه ۲۰۰۸ از زندان پاکستان فرار کردند و هنوز مفقود هستند. |
۱۹۸۷–۱۹۹۱: انتفاضه اول
[ویرایش]| روند صلح اسرائیل-فلسطین |
|---|
 |
انتفاضه اول با خشونت، شورش، اعتصابات عمومی و کارزارهای نافرمانی مدنی توسط فلسطینیان که در سراسر کرانه باختری و نوار غزه گسترش یافت آغاز شد. نیروهای اسرائیلی با گاز اشک آور، گلوله های پلاستیکی و گلوله های واقعی علیه تظاهرکنندگان پاسخ دادند.
پس از وقوع انتفاضه اول، شیخ احمد یاسین حماس را از شاخه غزه اخوان المسلمین مصر ایجاد کرد. تا آن زمان، اخوان المسلمین غزه از حمایت مقامات اسرائیلی برخوردار بود و از حملات خشونت آمیز خودداری می‌کرد. با این حال، حماس به سرعت حملات خود را به اهداف نظامی اسرائیل و متعاقباً غیرنظامیان اسرائیلی آغاز کرد.
| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
| ۱۹۸۷ | |
| July ۲۲ | Cartoonist Naji al-Ali shot in the head whilst walking a London street. He died of his injuries on ۲۱ August ۱۹۸۷. It was later revealed that those believed to be responsible were being managed by Mossad agents. |
| November ۲۵ | Six Israeli soldiers killed by infiltrators who flew over the Lebanese border on hang gliders |
| December ۸ | Four Palestinian workers from Jabalya refugee camp were killed when an Israeli army tank transporter drove into their mini-bus at the Erez crossing. |
| ۱۹۸۸
During ۱۹۸۸, ۲۸۹ Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional ۱۵ killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period six Israeli civilians and four members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.[۳۴] | |
| April ۱۶ | Abu Jihad (Khalil al-Wazir), head of PLO's military operations, killed in his home in Tunis by a seaborne Israeli assassination squad. |
| August ۱ | King Hussein of Jordan abandoned to the PLO its claim for the West Bank.[۳۵] |
| November ۱۵ | An independent State of Palestine was proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council meeting in Algiers, by a vote of ۲۵۳ to ۴۶. |
| December ۱۵ | The UN General Assembly approves Resolution ۴۳/۱۷۷, acknowledging the Palestinian Declaration of Independence and replacing the designating "Palestine" rather than "PLO" in the U.N.'s system. |
|
۱۹۸۹ During ۱۹۸۹, ۲۸۵ Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional ۱۷ killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period ۱۹ Israeli civilians and six members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.[۳۴] | |
| July ۱۶ | The Tel Aviv Jerusalem bus ۴۰۵ massacre: the first Palestinian suicide attack inside Israel's borders. |
|
۱۹۹۰ During ۱۹۹۰, ۱۲۵ Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional nine killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period four Israeli civilians and three members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.[۳۴] | |
|
۱۹۹۱ During ۱۹۹۱, ۹۱ Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional six killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period seven Israeli civilians and one member of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.[۳۴] | |
| January ۱۴ | Abu Iyad, second in command of Fatah and opposed to Yasser Arafat's support of Saddam Hussein, was killed in Tunis by Abu Nidal recruit Hamza Abu Zaid. |
| Gulf War | When the U.S.-led coalition fought to get Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait, Hussein attempted to draw Israel into the war and fired ۳۹ Scud missiles into Israel. To avoid disrupting the U.S.-led coalition, Israel did not retaliate. |
۱۹۹۱–اکنون: روند صلح
[ویرایش]| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
۲۰۰۵[ویرایش] | |
| August ۷ | An IDF deserter and member of the banned Kach group in Israel, Eden Natan-Zada, opened fire on a crowded bus in the Arab town of Shfaram, killing four Palestinians and wounding ۲۲. When he ran out of bullets, the bus was stormed by Arab bystanders and Zaada was beaten to death. PM Ariel Sharon and several Israeli leaders condemned the attack and offered condolences to the families. |
| August ۱۷ | Asher Weissgan shot and killed four Palestinians in the West Bank as a protest against the Gaza disengagement plan.[۳۶] |
| September ۱۲ | Completion of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan. Israel removed all Jewish settlements, many Bedouin communities, and military equipment from the Gaza Strip. Although there was no permanent Israeli presence or jurisdiction in Gaza anymore, Israel retained control of certain elements (such as airspace, borders and ports), leading to an ongoing dispute as to whether Gaza is "occupied" or not. Since the disengagement, Palestinian militant groups have used the territory as a staging ground from which to launch rocket attacks and build tunnels into Israel. |
۲۰۰۶[ویرایش] | |
| January ۲۵ | Hamas won by landslide the majority of seats after the ۲۰۰۶ Palestinian legislative election. Israel, the United States, European Union, and several European and Western countries cut off their aid to the Palestinians; as they viewed the Islamist political party who rejected Israel's right to exist as being a terrorist group. |
| June ۹ | Following the Gaza beach blast, in which seven members of one family and one other Palestinians were killed on a Gaza beach, the armed wing of Hamas called off its ۱۶-month-old truce. Israel claimed it was shelling ۲۵۰ m away from the family's location; Palestinians claimed that the explosion was Israeli responsibility. Some said Israel had not been responsible for the blast or doubted they were.[۳۷][۳۸][۳۹][۴۰][۴۱][۴۲] An Israeli internal investigation report claimed the blast was most likely caused by an unexploded munition buried in the sand and not by shelling. This investigation was criticized by Human Rights Watch and The Guardian. |
| June ۱۳ | Israel killed ۱۱ Palestinians in a missile strike on a van carrying Palestinian militants and rockets driving through a densely civilian populated area in Gaza.[۴۳] Nine among those killed are civilian bystanders. |
| June ۲۵ | After crossing the border from the Gaza Strip into Israel, Palestinian militants attacked an Israeli army post. The militants captured Gilad Shalit, killed two IDF soldiers and wounded four others. Israel launched Operation "Summer Rains". |
| July ۵ | First Qassam rocket of increased range was fired into the school yard in the Southern Israeli coastal city of Ashkelon. This was the first instance of an increased distance Qassam rockets could reach and the first time a significantly large city had been attacked. No one was injured in this attack.[۴۴] |
| July ۱۲ | ۲۰۰۶ Lebanon War: Hezbollah infiltrated Israel in a cross-border raid, captured two soldiers and killed three others. Israel attempted to rescue the captured, and five more soldiers were killed. Israel's military responded, and the ۲۰۰۶ Israel-Lebanon conflict began. The conflict resulted in the deaths of ۱,۱۹۱ Lebanese people and ۱۶۵ Israelis. Of the Israelis killed, ۱۲۱ were soldiers and ۴۴ were civilians.[۴۵] It is unclear how many of the Lebanese fatalities were combatants, though Israeli officials reported that an estimated ۸۰۰ were Hezbollah militants. Approximately one million Lebanese and ۳۰۰,۰۰۰–۵۰۰,۰۰۰ Israelis were displaced. |
| July ۲۶ | Israel launched a counter-offensive to deprive cover to militants firing rockets into Israel from Gaza. ۲۳ Palestinians killed, at least ۱۶ were identified militants, ۷۶ wounded. |
| August ۱۴ | ۲۰۰۶ Fox journalists kidnapping. Palestinian militants kidnapped Fox journalists Olaf Wiig and Steve Centanni, demanding the U.S. to release all Muslims in prison. The two were eventually released on August ۲۷, after stating they had converted to Islam. They both later said that they were forced to convert to Islam at gunpoint. |
| September | Violence and rivalry erupted between Fatah and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Mahmoud Abbas tried to prevent civil war.[۴۶][۴۷] President Mahmoud Abbas and his moderate party advocate a Palestinian state alongside Israel, while Prime Minister Ismail Haniya and his Islamist party reject Israel's right to exist. |
| September ۲۶ | A UN study declared the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip "intolerable", with ۷۵% of the population dependent on food aid,[۴۸] and an estimated ۸۰% of the population living below the poverty line.[۴۹] The Palestinian economy had largely relied on Western aid and revenues, which had been frozen since Hamas's victory. The situation can also be attributed to Israeli closures, for which Israel and the EU cited security concerns, specifically smuggling, possible weapons transfers and uninhibited return of exiled extremist leaders and terrorists; as well as an extremely high birth rate.[۵۰][۵۱][۵۲][۵۳] |
| October ۱۱–۱۴ | In the midst of an increase of rocket attacks against Israel, the Israeli Air Force fired into the Gaza Strip over a three-day period. ۲۱ Palestinians were killed (۱۷ Hamas militants, ۱ al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades militant, and ۳ civilians). The two dozen wounded included gunmen and passersby.[۵۴] Israel said the offensive was designed to track down the capture soldier and to stop militants firing rockets into Israel. Spokesman Abu Ubaida for Hamas's military wing issued a statement vowing "we will bombard and strike everywhere" in response to the attacks. Makeshift rockets were immediately shot into Israel. |
| October ۲۰ | Brokered by Egyptian mediators, Fatah reached a deal to end fighting between the Hamas and Fatah factions, both groups agreeing to refrain from acts that raise tensions and committing themselves to dialogue to resolve differences. Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas brushed off comments by President Mahmoud Abbas, head of Fatah, who indicated he could dismiss the Hamas-led cabinet. Abbas unsuccessfully urged Hamas to accept international calls to renounce violence and recognize Israel's right to exist. |
| Palestinian gunmen (presumably of the Fatah faction) opened fire at the convoy of Prime Minister Haniyeh as it passed through a refugee camp in central Gaza.[۵۵] | |
| November ۸ | Beit Hanoun November ۲۰۰۶ incident. Amidst ongoing rocket fire, Israel shelled Beit Hanoun, killing ۱۹ Palestinian civilians (seven children, four women) during the Gaza operations. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert apologised, saying the incident had been an accidental "technical failure" by the Israeli military. |
۲۰۰۷[ویرایش] | |
| January ۱۹ | Israel releases $۱۰۰ million in tax revenues they had withheld, to cover the humanitarian needs and other basic expenses of the Palestinians. Israel wanted to strengthen Abbas and "keep money out of the hands of the Hamas government".[۵۶] |
| February | Negotiations in Mecca produced agreement on a Palestinian national unity government signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and Khaled Mashal on behalf of Hamas.[نیازمند شفاف‌سازی][clarification needed][۵۷] |
| March | The Palestinian Legislative Council established a national unity government, with ۸۳ representatives voting in favor and three against. Government ministers were sworn in by Abu Mazen, the chairman on the Palestinian Authority, at a ceremony held simultaneously in Gaza and Ramallah. |
| May ۴ | The United States set a timetable for easing Palestinian travel and bolstering Israeli security, including steps like removing specific checkpoints in the West Bank and deploying better-trained Palestinian forces to try to halt the firing of rockets into Israel from Gaza and the smuggling of weapons, explosives and people into Gaza from Egypt. Israel was wary over certain proposals so long as Palestinian militants continued to fire rockets at Israel.[۵۸] The Hamas-led Palestinian government rejected the initiative.[۵۹] |
| June ۷ | Battle of Gaza began, resulting in Hamas taking control of the Gaza Strip from Fatah. |
| November ۲۷ | Annapolis Conference in the U.S., a peace conference marked the first time a two-state solution ("two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security") was articulated as the mutually agreed-upon outline for addressing the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties, including the U.S., Israel, the Palestinian National Authority, possibly also Arab League, Russia, China, etc.. |
۲۰۰۸[ویرایش] | |
| February ۲۷ | Hamas, the Popular Resistance Committees and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad fired a rocket barrage at the Israeli city of Ashkelon and more places, killing one civilian. |
| February ۲۸ | Operation "Hot Winter" was launched in response to rockets fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel. The operation resulted in ۱۱۲ Palestinians and three Israelis being killed. |
| May ۱۴ | Tony Blair announced new plan for peace and for Palestinian rights,[نیازمند شفاف‌سازی] based heavily on the ideas of the Peace Valley plan. |
| November ۴ | Israeli troops made a raid on Gaza, in which they killed six members of Hamas. Hamas responded with rocket attacks on southern Israel. |
| December | Israel launched Operation "Cast Lead" against the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, a full-scale invasion of the territory. |
۲۰۰۹[ویرایش]Operation "Cast Lead", launched near the end of the previous year by Israel, continued until January ۱۸. After ۲۲ days of fighting, Israel and Hamas each declared separate unilateral ceasefires. Casualties of the Gaza War are disputed. According to Hamas, they included as many as ۱,۴۱۷ Palestinians including as many as ۹۲۶ civilians. According to the IDF, ۱,۱۶۶ Palestinians were killed, and ۲۹۵ were non-combatants.[۶۰] According to the testimonies of three Guardian films, ۱,۴۰۰ Palestinians dead, including more than ۳۰۰ children[۶۱] (۴۳۱ Children[۶۲]). | |
| January ۱۳–۱۴ | Israeli forces attacked Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Yunis in the south of the Gaza Strip. Missiles containing white phosphorus were deployed.[۶۳][۶۴] |
| January ۱۵ | Israeli artillery attack hit a UN compound in Gaza, the compound was set ablaze by white phosphorus shells. |
| March ۱۵ | Gunmen killed two israeli policemen who were traveling in the Jordan Valley on Highway ۹۰, in Masua in the West Bank. The attacks was claimed in an anonymous call said that the attack was behalf of the Imad Mughniyeh Group and Fatah.[۶۵][۶۶] |
| April ۲ | Bat Ayin axe attack. A Palestinian terrorist attacked a group of Israeli children with an axe and a knife, killing one and injuring three.[۶۷] |
| December ۲۴ | Killing of Rabbi Meir Hai. Rabbi killed in a drive-by shooting. Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility. |
۲۰۱۰[ویرایش] | |
| January | Two airstrikes against weapons tunnels used to smuggle rockets and militants attempting to fire mortars into Israeli were carried out by the Israeli Air Force, killing ۳ militants and wounding another ۷. The militants were members of Hamas and the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine. |
| February ۱۰ | Tapuah junction stabbing. A Palestinian Authority police officer stabbed an Israeli soldier to death.[۶۸] |
| February ۲۴ | Murder of Neta Sorek. Israeli woman stabbed to death by Palestinian terrorists.[۶۹][۷۰] |
| March ۴ | A suicide bombing in a motorcycle blast in the city of Haifa, leaving one civilian was killed, ۱۲ others were wounded, as well as material damage to a vehicle.[۷۱] |
| May | Gaza flotilla raid. Turkish activists with the Free Gaza flotilla tried to break Israel's naval blockade of Hamas-controlled Gaza, but were intercepted by the IDF. When the IDF boarded the ship, the activists attacked them with knives and metal rods. Three Israeli soldiers were taken hostage, beaten, and abused. Nine Turks were shot dead by IDF gunfire. |
| August ۳۱ | Hamas terrorists shot dead four Israeli civilians near Kiryat Arba, including a pregnant woman. |
| September ۲ | ۲۰۱۰ direct talks: U.S. launched direct negotiations between Israel and The Palestinian Authority in Washington D.C. |
| September ۱۴ | ۲۰۱۰ direct talks: A second round of Middle East peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority concluded in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.[۷۲] |
| December ۱۸ | Murder of Kristine Luken. American woman stabbed to death by Palestinian terrorists. Another woman was severely injured.[۷۳][۷۴] |
۲۰۱۱[ویرایش]In ۲۰۱۱, Israel deployed the Iron Dome air defence system to shoot down rockets fired by Palestinian militant organizations, such as Hamas, in Gaza.[۷۵] | |
| March ۱۱ | Itamar massacre.[۷۶] Two Palestinians infiltrated the town of Itamar and murdered five members of the Fogel family in their beds. Among the victims were three young children, including an infant.[۷۷] |
| March ۲۳ | ۲۰۱۱ Jerusalem bus stop bombing. Hamas bombed a bus station in Jerusalem and killed ۱ civilian. ۳۹ injured.[۷۸] |
| April ۷ | Hamas school bus attack. Hamas militants bombed an Israeli school bus and killed a teenager. |
| April ۱۴-۱۵ | Kidnapping of Vittorio Arrigoni. Vittorio Arrigoni an Italian activist was kidnapped by "The Brigade of the Gallant Companion of the Prophet Mohammed bin Muslima", with the purpose of release of their leader Walid al-Maqdasi, imprisoned by the de facto government in Gaza a month earlier. Arrigoni was found dead iin an operation carried out by Hamas authorities in an apartment in Mareh Amer area in northern Gaza.[۷۹][۸۰] |
| August ۱۸ | ۲۰۱۱ southern Israel cross-border attacks. Egyptian and Palestinian militants attacked southern Israel and killed ۸ Israelis, including six civilians. ۴۰ injured. Five Egyptian soldiers are also killed.[۸۱] |
| September | Palestine Authority moved a resolution in UN for recognition of Palestine statehood, calling it a 'Palestine Spring'.[۸۲] |
| November | Palestine won membership of UNESCO while UN vote on statehood was put off amid no support from France and UK while US had threatened to veto it.[۸۳] |
۲۰۱۲[ویرایش]An annual survey by Shin Bet (AKA the Israel Security Agency (ISA)) concluded that in ۲۰۱۲, the number of terrorist attacks in the West Bank had risen from ۳۲۰ in ۲۰۱۱ to ۵۷۸ in ۲۰۱۲, but it was accompanied by a decrease in the number of fatalities. During that same year, ۲۸۲ attacks were carried out in Jerusalem, compared to ۱۹۱ in ۲۰۱۱. The increase in attacks was due in part to a ۶۸% rise of attacks using molotov cocktails. However, the number of attacks involving firearms and explosives also grew by ۴۲%—۳۷ compared to ۲۶ in ۲۰۱۱.[۸۴] | |
| January ۱ | Gaza fired two white-phosphorus-containing mortars into the area governed by the Eshkol Regional Council. The shells landed in an open field and caused no injuries or damage. A complaint about the white phosphorus was subsequently sent to the UN by Israel.[۸۵] |
| March ۹–۱۵ | March ۲۰۱۲ Gaza–Israel clashes. Gaza militants launched over ۳۰۰ rockets, Grad missiles, and mortar shells into southern Israel, wounding ۲۳ Israeli civilians. Israel retaliated with air strikes on Gazan weapons storage facilities, rocket launching sites, weapon manufacturing facilities, training bases, posts, tunnels and terror operatives, killing ۲۲ militants. ۴ Palestinian civilians died during the clashes, though some of their deaths were found to be unrelated to Israeli actions.[۸۶][۸۷][۸۸][۸۹][۹۰] |
| March ۳۰ | It was revealed that the Civil Administration, a unit of the IDF, had over the years covertly earmarked ۱۰% of the West Bank for further settlement.[۹۱] |
| September ۲۱ | September ۲۰۱۲ Egypt-Israel border attack. Militants opened fire on Israeli soldiers and civilian workers. ۱ soldier was killed.[۹۲] |
| November ۱۴–۲۱ | Operation "Pillar of Defense". The Israeli Air Force killed Ahmed Jabari, second-in-command of the military wing of Hamas.[۹۳] Israel strikes ۱۵۰۰ sites in Gaza,[۹۴] including rocket launchpads, weapon depots, government facilities and apartment blocks.[۹۵] Gaza officials said ۱۳۳ Palestinians had been killed in the conflict of whom ۷۹ were militants, ۵۳ civilians and ۱ was a policeman[۹۶] and estimated that ۸۴۰ Palestinians were wounded. Hamas fired over ۱,۴۵۶ rockets at southern Israel, killing ۶, including a pregnant woman, and injuring hundreds. Rockets were fired at Jerusalem for the first time and at Tel Aviv for the first time since the first Gulf War. A bus was bombed in Tel Aviv on November ۲۱, wounding ۲۸ civilians. Israel retaliated by bombing hundreds of military sites in the Gaza Strip.[۹۷][۹۸][۹۹][۱۰۰][۱۰۱] |
| November ۲۹ | United Nations General Assembly resolution ۶۷/۱۹,[۱۰۲] upgrading Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations, was adopted by the ۶۷th session of the UN General Assembly, the date of the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People and the ۶۵th anniversary of the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution ۱۸۱(II) on the Future Government of Palestine. Vote: For: ۱۳۸; Abs.: ۴۱ Against: ۹. |
| November ۳۰ | In response to the UN approving the Palestinian UN bid for non-member observer state status, the Israeli government inner cabinet announced that it approved the building of housing units in the E۱ area, connecting Jerusalem and Ma'aleh Adumim.[۱۰۳] |
| December ۱۷ | The UN decides that the designation of 'State of Palestine' will be used in all official United Nations documents. |
۲۰۱۳[ویرایش] | |
| January ۱۵ | Four Palestinians were killed by IDF within a week.[۱۰۴] |
| January ۲۳ | A Palestinian woman was shot dead by an IDF soldier, another wounded.[۱۰۵] |
| April ۳۰ | An Israeli civilian was killed by a Palestinian; the attacker was wounded.[۱۰۶] |
| August ۲۶ | Three Palestinian civilians killed during clashes in Kalandia, West Bank.[۱۰۷] |
| September ۲۱ | An Israeli soldier was abducted and killed by Palestinian in Beit Amin.[۱۰۸] |
| September ۲۲ | An Israeli soldier was killed by Palestinian sniper in Hebron.[۱۰۹][۱۱۰] |
| October ۱ | A Palestinian was killed on Israel–Gaza border by IDF in unclear circumstances.[۱۱۱] |
| October ۶ | A nine-year-old Israeli girl was wounded (condition: "light") in a terror attack in Psagot.[۱۱۲] |
۲۰۱۴[ویرایش] | |
| June ۱۲ | Eyal Yifrah, ۱۹, Gilad Shaar, ۱۶, and Naftali Frenkel, ۱۶, who also had US citizenship, were killed while hitchhiking home from their religious schools in settlements on the West Bank. For the detailed story: ۲۰۱۴ kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers.[۱۱۳] |
| June ۱۶ | Ahmed Sabarin, ۲۱, got shot and killed by Israeli forces in al-Jalazon refugee camp, during house searches in the West Bank for three missing teens. Israel accused Hamas of being behind the kidnapping of the three Israeli teens in the West Bank. Israeli forces have so far rounded up more than ۱۵۰ Palestinians, including parliament speaker Abdel Aziz Dweik.[۱۱۴] |
| June ۲۰ | Israeli forces shot and killed two Palestinians, including a teenager, in clashes that accompanied Israel's search for three students who have been missing for more than a week in the occupied West Bank. Israeli soldiers fired live rounds that killed Mahmoud Jihad Muhammad Dudeen (age ۱۴ or ۱۵). Thousands attended his funeral. An Israeli round also struck Mustafa Hosni Aslan, ۲۲, in the head during a clash near the Qalandiya checkpoint in Ramallah.[۱۱۵] |
| June ۳۰ | Israeli jets and helicopters launched dozens of air strikes across the Gaza Strip overnight, just hours after the bodies of three abducted Israeli teenagers were found in a shallow grave near the southern West Bank city of Hebron. Following the discovery of the bodies, Netanyahu issued a statement once again blaming Hamas. Hamas denied involvement. Spokesman Sami Abu Zuhri said "Only the Israeli version of the events has been published ... Israel is attempting to make way for aggression against us, against the Hamas ... No Palestinian group, Hamas or any other group, has taken responsibility for the action, and thus the Israeli version can't be trusted."[۱۱۳] |
| July ۱ | In retaliation, to the news about the three abducted Israeli teenagers, ۱۶-year-old Mohammed Abu Khdeir was grabbed off the street after leaving his home in Jerusalem's Arab neighbourhood of Shuafat to go to morning prayers with friends. He was beaten and burned alive. On July ۷ it was reported that three Jewish detainees confessed to the crime.[۱۱۶][۱۱۷] |
| July ۱۷ | Thousands of Israeli soldiers backed by tanks initiated an invasion on the Gaza Strip. All border areas under fire. Tank shelling every minute. Northern Gaza town, Beit Lahiya, came under heavy Israeli shelling. "There is the sound of tank shells all the time," said Jamal Abu Samra, ۴۲, a farmer in the area. He said his wife, six children, four brothers and their families were huddling on the ground floor of the family home.[۱۱۸] |
| August ۳ | Shelling by Israel of a United Nations school sheltering some ۳,۳۰۰ displaced people in southern Gaza violating international law according to the United Nations. The school had been designated a protected location and the Israel Defense Forces had been informed ۱۷ times of the precise coordinates of the school's location. ۱۰ people were killed and many injured.[۱۱۹][۱۲۰][۱۲۱] |
| November ۱۴ | During a religious prayer service, two terrorists armed with axe and gun burst through the doors of the synagogue Kehilat B'nei Torah in Har Nof, Jerusalem.[۱۲۲] Several rabbis heroically gave up their lives by striking the radical Islamic terrorists with tables and chairs to allow others to escape. A resident near the synagogue said of the attack, "I would hate to think of what would have happened if my father had not missed prayer time that day." |
| December ۴ | Mohammad Hossam Abdel Latif Habali was a ۲۲-year-old mentally disabled Palestinian who was shot and killed by Israeli soldiers on ۴ December ۲۰۱۸ in Tulkarm, a city in the West Bank,[۱۲۳][۱۲۴][۱۲۵] near the ۱۹۶۷ boundary between Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank.[۱۲۶] Witnesses report that Habali was killed by Israeli forces, and the IDF has not disputed the cause of death.[۱۲۳] |
۲۰۱۵–۲۰۱۶[ویرایش] | |
۲۰۱۷–۲۰۲۲[ویرایش] | |
۲۰۰۰–۲۰۰۵: انتفاضه الاقصی
[ویرایش]| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
۲۰۰۰[ویرایش] | |
| September ۲۸–۲۹ | Right-wing Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount, which is administered by a Waqf. (Under Israeli law, each religious group is granted administration of their holy sites.) The day after the visit, violent confrontations erupted between Muslims and Israeli Police. The uprising became known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada after Sharon's visit, for the Masjid Al-Aqsa also known as the Temple Mount compound (holy also to Jews and Christians). This event is considered by some to be one of the possible catalysts of the second intifada. Palestinian leaders (including the Palestinian Minister of Communication, Imhad Falouji) later admitted publicly that the Intifada had been planned since the end of the Camp David negotiations. A campaign of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks began on September ۲۹, ۲۰۰۰ and within five years left over ۱,۰۶۸ Israelis dead and over ۷,۰۰۰ injured—۶۹ percent of them civilians. Approximately ۳,۰۰۰ Palestinians were also killed in this conflict. |
| October ۱–۹ | October ۲۰۰۰ events in Israel, solidarity demonstrations held by Palestinian citizens residing in Israel escalated into clashes with Israeli police and Israeli Jewish citizens. ۱۳ Arab civilians (۱۲ with Israeli citizenship) were shot and killed by Israeli police and one Jewish civilian killed by a Palestinian. In a Hezbollah cross-border raid, ۳ Israeli soldiers were killed and their bodies kidnapped and Northern Israel was shelled in an attempt to ignite the Israeli–Lebanese border too, but Israelis decided on limited response. |
| October ۱۲ | The lynching in Ramallah, two Israeli reservists accidentally entered Ramallah, to be arrested by Palestinian Security Forces, later to be publicly lynched and videotaped inside the police station. |
| November ۲۲ | Two Israeli women killed and ۶۰ civilians wounded in a car bomb attack in Hadera. |
| December ۱۰ | Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak resigned. |
۲۰۰۱[ویرایش]In ۲۰۰۱, Hamas began firing rockets towards Israeli areas. The weapons used initially were home made with of limited range and destructive capability. These were later replaced with military grade rockets.[۷۵] | |
| January ۲۱–۲۷ | Taba Summit. Peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority aimed to reach the "final status" of negotiations. Ehud Barak temporarily withdrew from negotiations during the Israeli elections, and subsequently Ariel Sharon refused to continue negotiating in the face of the newly erupted violence. |
| February ۶ | Ariel Sharon of Likud elected Prime Minister and refused to continue negotiations with Yasser Arafat at the Taba Summit. |
| March ۲۶ | Murder of Shalhevet Pass, a ۱۰-month-old Israeli baby was shot dead by a Palestinian sniper. The Israeli public was shocked when the investigation concluded that the sniper deliberately aimed for the baby.[۱۲۷] |
| June ۱ | Dolphinarium massacre. A Hamas suicide bomber exploded himself at the entrance of a club. ۲۱ Israelis killed, over ۱۰۰ injured, all youth. Five months prior to the bombing, there was a failed terrorist attempt at the same spot. |
| August ۹ | Sbarro restaurant massacre. A suicide bomber wearing an explosive belt weighing ۵ to ۱۰ kilograms, containing explosives, nails, nuts and bolts, detonated his bomb. In the blast ۱۵ people (including ۷ children and a pregnant woman) were killed, and ۱۳۰ wounded. Both Hamas and the Islamic Jihad initially claimed responsibility. |
| August ۲۷ | Abu Ali Mustafa, the General Secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, was assassinated by an Israeli missile shot by an Apache helicopter through his office window in Ramallah.[۱۲۸] |
| October ۱۷ | Israeli Tourism Minister Rehavam Zeevi assassinated in Jerusalem by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. |
| December ۱ | ۱۱ Israeli civilians, nine of them teenagers, were killed and ۱۸۸ injured in a Hamas suicide bombing attack.[۱۲۹] |
۲۰۰۲[ویرایش] | |
| March ۱۳ | The United States pushed through the passage of Resolution ۱۳۹۷ by the Security Council, demanding an "immediate cessation of all acts of violence" and "affirming a vision of a region where two states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders". |
| March ۱۴ | Israeli forces continued the raid on Ramallah and other West Bank towns. A helicopter attack near Tulkarm killed Mutasen Hammad and two bystanders. A bomb in Gaza City destroyed an Israeli tank which was escorting settlers, killing ۳ soldiers and wounding ۲. A car bomb in Tulkarm exploded, killing ۴ Palestinians. Palestinians executed two accused collaborators in Bethlehem, planning to hang one of the corpses near the Church of the Nativity until Palestinian police stopped them. |
| March ۲۷ | Passover massacre, the Park Hotel in Netanya held a big Passover dinner for its ۲۵۰ guests. A Palestinian suicide bomber entered the hotel's dining room and detonated an explosive device, killing ۳۰ people and injuring around ۱۴۰, all civilians. Hamas claims responsibility. |
| March ۲۸ | The Beirut Summit approved the Saudi peace proposal. |
| March ۲۹ | Israeli forces began Operation "Defensive Shield", Israel's largest military operation in the West Bank since the ۱۹۶۷ Six-Day War. |
| March ۳۰ | A suicide bomber exploded in a Tel Aviv café at around ۹:۳۰ pm local time, wounding ۳۲ people. President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell (USA) called on Yasir Arafat to condemn the wave of suicide bombings in Arabic, to his own people. Israeli spokespeople made similar demands. Arafat went on television and swore in Arabic that he would "die a martyr, a martyr, a martyr". Members of Arafat's personal Al-Aqsa brigade stated that they would refuse any form of cease-fire, and that they would continue suicide bombings of civilians in Israel. |
| March ۳۱ | Matza restaurant massacre, a Palestinian Hamas bomber blew himself up in an Arab-owned restaurant in Haifa, killing ۱۵ and injuring over ۴۰ people. |
| April | Israeli troops exchanged gunfire with guards of Yasir Arafat in Ramallah. |
| April ۲ | Israeli troops occupied Bethlehem. Dozens of armed Palestinian gunmen occupied the Church of the Nativity and held the church and its clergy. |
| April ۱۲ | Battle of Jenin (۲۰۰۲) (part of Operation "Defensive Shield"). Israeli forces entered a Palestinian refugee camp in Jenin, where about a quarter of suicide bombings since ۲۰۰۰ had been launched from. The battle resulted in the deaths of ۲۳ Israeli soldiers and ۵۲ Palestinians, of which ۳۰–۴۷ were militants and ۵–۲۲ were civilians (sources vary). This particular event sparked a great deal of controversy. |
| May ۹ | Muhammad al-Madani, governor of Bethlehem, left the Church of the Nativity. |
| May ۱۸ | Israeli Shin Bet officials announced they had arrested six Israelis for conspiring to bomb Palestinian schools in April, including Noam Federman, a leader of the illegal Kach movement of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane, and Menashe Levinger, son of Rabbi Moshe Levinger. |
| June | Israel began construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier to prevent suicide bombers from entering Israel. |
| June ۱۸ | Patt junction massacre, a Palestinian Suicide bomber, an Islamic law student and member of Hamas, detonated a belt filled with metal balls for shrapnel on a bus in Jerusalem. ۱۹ Israelis were killed, and over ۷۴ wounded. |
| June ۲۴ | U.S. President George W. Bush called for an independent Palestinian state living in peace with Israel. Bush stated that Palestinian leaders must take steps to produce democratic reforms, and fiscal accountability, in order to improve the negotiations with Israel. He also stated that as Palestinians show control over terrorism, Israel must end operations in the West Bank, and in areas which it entered under Operation "Defensive Shield".[۱۳۰] |
| July ۱۶ | ۲۰۰۲ Immanuel bus attack. Palestinian militants ambushed a bus and killed ۹ Israeli civilians, including infants. The youngest victim of the Second Intifada was among them.[۱۳۱][۱۳۲][۱۳۳] |
| July ۲۲ | An Israeli warplane fired a missile at an apartment in Gaza City, killing the top of their most-wanted list, Salah Shehadeh, chief commander of Hamas' military wing, the Izzadine el-Qassam. The apartment building was flattened and ۱۴ civilians were killed, including eight children.[۱۳۴] Writing in the Hebrew daily, Yediot Aharanot, the conservative Israeli military correspondent, Alex Fishman, explained that this bombing came ۹۰ minutes after the Tanzim, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad had finalized the wording of a unilateral ceasefire, which was to be announced in the Washington Post the following morning.[۱۳۵] |
| July ۳۱ | Hebrew University massacre: nine students—four Israelis and five Americans—were killed by a suicide bomber at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and over ۱۰۰ injured.[۱۳۶][۱۳۷] |
| August ۱۴ | Marwan Barghouti, captured April ۱۵, was indicted by a civilian Israeli court for murdering civilians and membership in a terrorist organisation. |
| October ۲۱ | Karkur junction suicide bombing, ۱۴ Israelis, including seven civilians, killed in an Islamic Jihad suicide bombing in Wadi Ara. |
| November ۲۱ | Jerusalem bus ۲۰ massacre, a Hamas suicide bomber detonated himself on a crowded bus in Jerusalem, killing ۱۱ people, and wounding over ۵۰. |
۲۰۰۳[ویرایش] | |
| January ۵ | Tel Aviv central bus station massacre. ۲۳ Israeli civilians killed by a Palestinian suicide bomber.[۱۳۸] |
| March ۵ | Haifa bus ۳۷ suicide bombing. ۱۷ Israelis, including ۱۶ civilians and nine children, killed by a Hamas suicide bomber.[۱۳۹] |
| March ۱۶ | Rachel Corrie, an American member of the International Solidarity Movement was crushed by an IDF bulldozer, becoming the first ISM member to die in the conflict. Members of the group who witnessed her death alleged murder, while Israel called it a "regrettable accident". |
| March ۱۹ | Mahmoud Abbas appointed Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. |
| March ۲۴ | Hilltop ۲۶, an illegal Israeli settlement near the city of Hebron, was peacefully dismantled by the IDF. |
| April ۳۰ | The Quartet on the Middle East announced the Road map for peace. |
| May ۲۷ | Ariel Sharon stated that the "occupation" of Palestinian territories "can't continue endlessly." |
| June ۲ | A two-day summit was held in Egypt. Arab leaders announced their support for the road map and promised to work on cutting off funding to terrorist groups. |
| June ۱۱ | Davidka Square bus bombing. A Palestinian suicide bomber killed ۱۷ Israeli civilians.[۱۴۰][۱۴۱][۱۴۲] |
| June ۲۹ | Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah agreed to a three-month cease-fire. |
| July ۹ | The International Court of Justice ruled in a non-binding advisory opinion that the Israeli West Bank barrier was illegal under international law,[۱۴۳] the United Nations had also condemned the construction of the wall as "an unlawful act of annexation". The United States and Australia defended the security fence saying the wall was a counter-terrorism protective measure and that the onus was on the Palestinian Authority to fight terrorism. The U.S., Canada, Israel and some ۳۰ other democratic states objected to the ICJ consideration of the UN General Assembly request, finding the request loaded and prejudicial, and expressing concern of the ICJ's credibility.[۱۴۴][۱۴۵] |
| August ۱۹ | Jerusalem bus ۲ massacre. A Hamas Palestinian disguised as a Haredi Jew detonated himself with a bomb spiked with ball-bearings on a bus crowded with children. ۲۳ Israelis were killed and over ۱۳۰ wounded, all civilians. |
| September ۶ | Mahmoud Abbas resigned from the post of Prime Minister. |
| October ۴ | Maxim restaurant suicide bombing. A ۲۸-year-old Palestinian female suicide bomber, Hanadi Jaradat, exploded herself inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. ۲۱ Israelis (Jewish and Arab) were killed, and ۵۱ others wounded. The restaurant was co-owned by Jewish and Christian Arab Israelis, and was a symbol of co-existence. |
۲۰۰۴[ویرایش] | |
| January ۲۹ | Gaza Street bus bombing. Ali Yusuf Jaara, a ۲۴-year-old Palestinian policeman from Bethlehem, became a suicide bomber and killed ۱۱ Israeli civilians in Jerusalem.[۱۴۶] |
| March ۱۴ | ۲۰۰۴ Ashdod Port bombings. ۱۰ Israeli civilians killed in a suicide bombing. Hamas and Fatah claimed responsibility.[۱۴۷] |
| March ۲۲ | An Israeli Air Force rocket killed Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin and eleven others in Gaza City. |
| April ۱۷ | An Israeli Air Force rocket killed Hamas leader Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi and two others in Gaza City. |
| May ۲ | Murder of Tali Hatuel and her four daughters. Eight-months pregnant woman and her four young daughters ambushed and killed by Palestinian militants.[۱۴۸] |
| August ۳۱ | Beersheba bus bombings. ۱۶ Israeli civilians killed in a suicide bombing.[۱۴۹] Hamas claims responsibility.[۱۵۰] |
| October ۱۶ | Israel officially ended a ۱۷-day military operation, named Operation "Days of Penitence", in the northern Gaza Strip. The operation was launched in response to a Qassam rocket that killed two children in Sderot. About ۱۰۸–۱۳۳ Palestinians were killed during the operation, of whom one third were civilians. |
| November ۱۱ | Yasser Arafat died at the age of ۷۵ in a hospital near Paris, after undergoing urgent medical treatment since October ۲۹, ۲۰۰۴. |
۲۰۰۵[ویرایش] | |
| January ۱۳ | Karni border crossing attack. Palestinian terrorists killed ۶ Israeli civilians with ۲۰۰ pound Explosive device, hand grenades, and AK-۴۷ rifles.[۱۵۱] |
| February ۲۵ | Stage Club bombing. Young Israelis arrived for a surprise birthday party at the Stage Club in Tel Aviv. A Palestinian teenage suicide bomber detonated himself at the entrance to the club. Five Israelis killed, and about ۵۰ wounded. Islamic Jihad claims responsibility.[۱۵۲] |
| July ۱۲ | HaSharon Mall suicide bombing (July ۱۲, ۲۰۰۵). Five Israeli civilians killed and over ۹۰ injured in a suicide bombing.[۱۵۳][۱۵۴][۱۵۵][۱۵۶][۱۵۷] |
۲۰۰۵ تا کنون: پس از انتفاضه، درگیری غزه
[ویرایش]پس از خروج کامل اسرائیل از غزه در سال ۲۰۰۵، حماس و دیگر شبه نظامیان رگبار حملات موشکی روزانه به اسرائیل را آغاز کردند. به عنوان مثال، شهر سدروت، در یک مایلی غزه، در یک دوره شش ماهه پس از خروج اسرائیل مورد اصابت بیش از ۳۶۰ موشک قسام قرار گرفت. در ژوئن ۲۰۰۶، شبه نظامیان غزه به داخل اسرائیل تونل زدند و دو سرباز را کشتند و یکی را اسیر کردند. دو هفته بعد، حزب الله با حمایت ایران و سوریه، به اسرائیل در سراسر مرز بین المللی به رسمیت شناخته شده اسرائیل و لبنان حمله کرد، هشت سرباز را کشت و دو نفر را ربود و همزمان رگبار موشکی را به سمت شهرهای غیرنظامی در شمال اسرائیل پرتاب کرد. اسرائیل با یک عملیات نظامی که ۳۴ روز به طول انجامید پاسخ داد. پس از آنکه حماس هزاران موشک به سوی جوامع اسرائیلی شلیک کرد و از تمدید آتش بس شش ماهه خودداری کرد، اسرائیل با عملیات نظامی علیه حماس برای حفاظت از شهروندان اسرائیلی پاسخ داد. این عملیات ۲۲ روزه در ۱۸ ژانویه ۲۰۰۹ به پایان رسید. در ماه مه ۲۰۱۰، فعالان ترک با ناوگان غزه آزاد تلاش کردند محاصره دریایی اسرائیل در غزه تحت کنترل حماس را بشکنند. در آگوست ۲۰۱۰، سربازان لبنانی یک سرباز اسرائیلی را در جریان تعمیرات معمول ارتش اسرائیل در مرز به ضرب گلوله کشتند. در این تیراندازی سه سرباز لبنانی و یک خبرنگار لبنانی کشته شدند.
| Month, Day | Event(s) |
|---|---|
۲۰۰۰[ویرایش] | |
| September ۲۸–۲۹ | Right-wing Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount, which is administered by a Waqf. (Under Israeli law, each religious group is granted administration of their holy sites.) The day after the visit, violent confrontations erupted between Muslims and Israeli Police. The uprising became known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada after Sharon's visit, for the Masjid Al-Aqsa also known as the Temple Mount compound (holy also to Jews and Christians). This event is considered by some to be one of the possible catalysts of the second intifada. Palestinian leaders (including the Palestinian Minister of Communication, Imhad Falouji) later admitted publicly that the Intifada had been planned since the end of the Camp David negotiations. A campaign of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks began on September ۲۹, ۲۰۰۰ and within five years left over ۱,۰۶۸ Israelis dead and over ۷,۰۰۰ injured—۶۹ percent of them civilians. Approximately ۳,۰۰۰ Palestinians were also killed in this conflict. |
| October ۱–۹ | October ۲۰۰۰ events in Israel, solidarity demonstrations held by Palestinian citizens residing in Israel escalated into clashes with Israeli police and Israeli Jewish citizens. ۱۳ Arab civilians (۱۲ with Israeli citizenship) were shot and killed by Israeli police and one Jewish civilian killed by a Palestinian. In a Hezbollah cross-border raid, ۳ Israeli soldiers were killed and their bodies kidnapped and Northern Israel was shelled in an attempt to ignite the Israeli–Lebanese border too, but Israelis decided on limited response. |
| October ۱۲ | The lynching in Ramallah, two Israeli reservists accidentally entered Ramallah, to be arrested by Palestinian Security Forces, later to be publicly lynched and videotaped inside the police station. |
| November ۲۲ | Two Israeli women killed and ۶۰ civilians wounded in a car bomb attack in Hadera. |
| December ۱۰ | Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak resigned. |
۲۰۰۱[ویرایش]In ۲۰۰۱, Hamas began firing rockets towards Israeli areas. The weapons used initially were home made with of limited range and destructive capability. These were later replaced with military grade rockets.[۷۵] | |
| January ۲۱–۲۷ | Taba Summit. Peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority aimed to reach the "final status" of negotiations. Ehud Barak temporarily withdrew from negotiations during the Israeli elections, and subsequently Ariel Sharon refused to continue negotiating in the face of the newly erupted violence. |
| February ۶ | Ariel Sharon of Likud elected Prime Minister and refused to continue negotiations with Yasser Arafat at the Taba Summit. |
| March ۲۶ | Murder of Shalhevet Pass, a ۱۰-month-old Israeli baby was shot dead by a Palestinian sniper. The Israeli public was shocked when the investigation concluded that the sniper deliberately aimed for the baby.[۱۲۷] |
| June ۱ | Dolphinarium massacre. A Hamas suicide bomber exploded himself at the entrance of a club. ۲۱ Israelis killed, over ۱۰۰ injured, all youth. Five months prior to the bombing, there was a failed terrorist attempt at the same spot. |
| August ۹ | Sbarro restaurant massacre. A suicide bomber wearing an explosive belt weighing ۵ to ۱۰ kilograms, containing explosives, nails, nuts and bolts, detonated his bomb. In the blast ۱۵ people (including ۷ children and a pregnant woman) were killed, and ۱۳۰ wounded. Both Hamas and the Islamic Jihad initially claimed responsibility. |
| August ۲۷ | Abu Ali Mustafa, the General Secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, was assassinated by an Israeli missile shot by an Apache helicopter through his office window in Ramallah.[۱۵۸] |
| October ۱۷ | Israeli Tourism Minister Rehavam Zeevi assassinated in Jerusalem by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. |
| December ۱ | ۱۱ Israeli civilians, nine of them teenagers, were killed and ۱۸۸ injured in a Hamas suicide bombing attack.[۱۵۹] |
۲۰۰۲[ویرایش] | |
| March ۱۳ | The United States pushed through the passage of Resolution ۱۳۹۷ by the Security Council, demanding an "immediate cessation of all acts of violence" and "affirming a vision of a region where two states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders". |
| March ۱۴ | Israeli forces continued the raid on Ramallah and other West Bank towns. A helicopter attack near Tulkarm killed Mutasen Hammad and two bystanders. A bomb in Gaza City destroyed an Israeli tank which was escorting settlers, killing ۳ soldiers and wounding ۲. A car bomb in Tulkarm exploded, killing ۴ Palestinians. Palestinians executed two accused collaborators in Bethlehem, planning to hang one of the corpses near the Church of the Nativity until Palestinian police stopped them. |
| March ۲۷ | Passover massacre, the Park Hotel in Netanya held a big Passover dinner for its ۲۵۰ guests. A Palestinian suicide bomber entered the hotel's dining room and detonated an explosive device, killing ۳۰ people and injuring around ۱۴۰, all civilians. Hamas claims responsibility. |
| March ۲۸ | The Beirut Summit approved the Saudi peace proposal. |
| March ۲۹ | Israeli forces began Operation "Defensive Shield", Israel's largest military operation in the West Bank since the ۱۹۶۷ Six-Day War. |
| March ۳۰ | A suicide bomber exploded in a Tel Aviv café at around ۹:۳۰ pm local time, wounding ۳۲ people. President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell (USA) called on Yasir Arafat to condemn the wave of suicide bombings in Arabic, to his own people. Israeli spokespeople made similar demands. Arafat went on television and swore in Arabic that he would "die a martyr, a martyr, a martyr". Members of Arafat's personal Al-Aqsa brigade stated that they would refuse any form of cease-fire, and that they would continue suicide bombings of civilians in Israel. |
| March ۳۱ | Matza restaurant massacre, a Palestinian Hamas bomber blew himself up in an Arab-owned restaurant in Haifa, killing ۱۵ and injuring over ۴۰ people. |
| April | Israeli troops exchanged gunfire with guards of Yasir Arafat in Ramallah. |
| April ۲ | Israeli troops occupied Bethlehem. Dozens of armed Palestinian gunmen occupied the Church of the Nativity and held the church and its clergy. |
| April ۱۲ | Battle of Jenin (۲۰۰۲) (part of Operation "Defensive Shield"). Israeli forces entered a Palestinian refugee camp in Jenin, where about a quarter of suicide bombings since ۲۰۰۰ had been launched from. The battle resulted in the deaths of ۲۳ Israeli soldiers and ۵۲ Palestinians, of which ۳۰–۴۷ were militants and ۵–۲۲ were civilians (sources vary). This particular event sparked a great deal of controversy. |
| May ۹ | Muhammad al-Madani, governor of Bethlehem, left the Church of the Nativity. |
| May ۱۸ | Israeli Shin Bet officials announced they had arrested six Israelis for conspiring to bomb Palestinian schools in April, including Noam Federman, a leader of the illegal Kach movement of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane, and Menashe Levinger, son of Rabbi Moshe Levinger. |
| June | Israel began construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier to prevent suicide bombers from entering Israel. |
| June ۱۸ | Patt junction massacre, a Palestinian Suicide bomber, an Islamic law student and member of Hamas, detonated a belt filled with metal balls for shrapnel on a bus in Jerusalem. ۱۹ Israelis were killed, and over ۷۴ wounded. |
| June ۲۴ | U.S. President George W. Bush called for an independent Palestinian state living in peace with Israel. Bush stated that Palestinian leaders must take steps to produce democratic reforms, and fiscal accountability, in order to improve the negotiations with Israel. He also stated that as Palestinians show control over terrorism, Israel must end operations in the West Bank, and in areas which it entered under Operation "Defensive Shield".[۱۶۰] |
| July ۱۶ | ۲۰۰۲ Immanuel bus attack. Palestinian militants ambushed a bus and killed ۹ Israeli civilians, including infants. The youngest victim of the Second Intifada was among them.[۱۶۱][۱۶۲][۱۶۳] |
| July ۲۲ | An Israeli warplane fired a missile at an apartment in Gaza City, killing the top of their most-wanted list, Salah Shehadeh, chief commander of Hamas' military wing, the Izzadine el-Qassam. The apartment building was flattened and ۱۴ civilians were killed, including eight children.[۱۶۴] Writing in the Hebrew daily, Yediot Aharanot, the conservative Israeli military correspondent, Alex Fishman, explained that this bombing came ۹۰ minutes after the Tanzim, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad had finalized the wording of a unilateral ceasefire, which was to be announced in the Washington Post the following morning.[۱۶۵] |
| July ۳۱ | Hebrew University massacre: nine students—four Israelis and five Americans—were killed by a suicide bomber at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and over ۱۰۰ injured.[۱۶۶][۱۶۷] |
| August ۱۴ | Marwan Barghouti, captured April ۱۵, was indicted by a civilian Israeli court for murdering civilians and membership in a terrorist organisation. |
| October ۲۱ | Karkur junction suicide bombing, ۱۴ Israelis, including seven civilians, killed in an Islamic Jihad suicide bombing in Wadi Ara. |
| November ۲۱ | Jerusalem bus ۲۰ massacre, a Hamas suicide bomber detonated himself on a crowded bus in Jerusalem, killing ۱۱ people, and wounding over ۵۰. |
۲۰۰۳[ویرایش] | |
| January ۵ | Tel Aviv central bus station massacre. ۲۳ Israeli civilians killed by a Palestinian suicide bomber.[۱۶۸] |
| March ۵ | Haifa bus ۳۷ suicide bombing. ۱۷ Israelis, including ۱۶ civilians and nine children, killed by a Hamas suicide bomber.[۱۶۹] |
| March ۱۶ | Rachel Corrie, an American member of the International Solidarity Movement was crushed by an IDF bulldozer, becoming the first ISM member to die in the conflict. Members of the group who witnessed her death alleged murder, while Israel called it a "regrettable accident". |
| March ۱۹ | Mahmoud Abbas appointed Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. |
| March ۲۴ | Hilltop ۲۶, an illegal Israeli settlement near the city of Hebron, was peacefully dismantled by the IDF. |
| April ۳۰ | The Quartet on the Middle East announced the Road map for peace. |
| May ۲۷ | Ariel Sharon stated that the "occupation" of Palestinian territories "can't continue endlessly." |
| June ۲ | A two-day summit was held in Egypt. Arab leaders announced their support for the road map and promised to work on cutting off funding to terrorist groups. |
| June ۱۱ | Davidka Square bus bombing. A Palestinian suicide bomber killed ۱۷ Israeli civilians.[۱۴۰][۱۴۱][۱۷۰] |
| June ۲۹ | Hamas, Islamic Jihad and Fatah agreed to a three-month cease-fire. |
| July ۹ | The International Court of Justice ruled in a non-binding advisory opinion that the Israeli West Bank barrier was illegal under international law,[۱۷۱] the United Nations had also condemned the construction of the wall as "an unlawful act of annexation". The United States and Australia defended the security fence saying the wall was a counter-terrorism protective measure and that the onus was on the Palestinian Authority to fight terrorism. The U.S., Canada, Israel and some ۳۰ other democratic states objected to the ICJ consideration of the UN General Assembly request, finding the request loaded and prejudicial, and expressing concern of the ICJ's credibility.[۱۷۲][۱۷۳] |
| August ۱۹ | Jerusalem bus ۲ massacre. A Hamas Palestinian disguised as a Haredi Jew detonated himself with a bomb spiked with ball-bearings on a bus crowded with children. ۲۳ Israelis were killed and over ۱۳۰ wounded, all civilians. |
| September ۶ | Mahmoud Abbas resigned from the post of Prime Minister. |
| October ۴ | Maxim restaurant suicide bombing. A ۲۸-year-old Palestinian female suicide bomber, Hanadi Jaradat, exploded herself inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. ۲۱ Israelis (Jewish and Arab) were killed, and ۵۱ others wounded. The restaurant was co-owned by Jewish and Christian Arab Israelis, and was a symbol of co-existence. |
۲۰۰۴[ویرایش] | |
| January ۲۹ | Gaza Street bus bombing. Ali Yusuf Jaara, a ۲۴-year-old Palestinian policeman from Bethlehem, became a suicide bomber and killed ۱۱ Israeli civilians in Jerusalem.[۱۴۶] |
| March ۱۴ | ۲۰۰۴ Ashdod Port bombings. ۱۰ Israeli civilians killed in a suicide bombing. Hamas and Fatah claimed responsibility.[۱۴۷] |
| March ۲۲ | An Israeli Air Force rocket killed Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin and eleven others in Gaza City. |
| April ۱۷ | An Israeli Air Force rocket killed Hamas leader Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi and two others in Gaza City. |
| May ۲ | Murder of Tali Hatuel and her four daughters. Eight-months pregnant woman and her four young daughters ambushed and killed by Palestinian militants.[۱۴۸] |
| August ۳۱ | Beersheba bus bombings. ۱۶ Israeli civilians killed in a suicide bombing.[۱۷۴] Hamas claims responsibility.[۱۷۵] |
| October ۱۶ | Israel officially ended a ۱۷-day military operation, named Operation "Days of Penitence", in the northern Gaza Strip. The operation was launched in response to a Qassam rocket that killed two children in Sderot. About ۱۰۸–۱۳۳ Palestinians were killed during the operation, of whom one third were civilians. |
| November ۱۱ | Yasser Arafat died at the age of ۷۵ in a hospital near Paris, after undergoing urgent medical treatment since October ۲۹, ۲۰۰۴. |
۲۰۰۵[ویرایش] | |
| January ۱۳ | Karni border crossing attack. Palestinian terrorists killed ۶ Israeli civilians with ۲۰۰ pound Explosive device, hand grenades, and AK-۴۷ rifles.[۱۵۱] |
| February ۲۵ | Stage Club bombing. Young Israelis arrived for a surprise birthday party at the Stage Club in Tel Aviv. A Palestinian teenage suicide bomber detonated himself at the entrance to the club. Five Israelis killed, and about ۵۰ wounded. Islamic Jihad claims responsibility.[۱۵۲] |
| July ۱۲ | HaSharon Mall suicide bombing (July ۱۲, ۲۰۰۵). Five Israeli civilians killed and over ۹۰ injured in a suicide bombing.[۱۷۶][۱۷۷][۱۷۸][۱۷۹][۱۸۰] |
در سال ۲۰۲۳، جنگ سنگین بین فلسطینی ها (که تحت سلطه حماس بود) و اسرائیل دوباره شروع شد، مرگبارتر و ویرانگرتر از هر زمان دیگری از زمان جنگ یوم کیپور در سال ۱۹۷۳.
جدول زمانی مرگ
[ویرایش]داده ها از دفتر سازمان ملل متحد برای هماهنگی امور بشردوستانه است. [۱۸۱]
همچنین ببینید
[ویرایش]- تاریخ درگیری اسرائیل و فلسطین
- لیست حملات راکتی فلسطینیان به اسرائیل
- عملیات نظامی درگیری اسرائیل و فلسطین
- جدول زمانی درگیری اعراب و اسرائیل
- طرح کلی جنگ ۲۰۲۳ اسرائیل و حماس
منابع
[ویرایش]- ↑ Itamar Radai (2011). "Jaffa, 1948 : The fall of a city". Journal of Israeli History. 30 (1): 23–43. doi:10.1080/13531042.2011.553064.
- ↑ "Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel 14 May 1948". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ Communication dated 11 May 1948 from J. Fletcher-Cooke of the United Kingdom delegation to the United Nations Commission on Palestine to Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, Principal Secretary to the Commission: Retrieved 23 December 2013 بایگانی‌شده در دسامبر ۱۲, ۲۰۱۳ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Truman Library: Letter From the Agent of the Provisional Government of Israel to the President of the United States: (May 15, 1948): Retrieved 28 January 2015" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ↑ Morris, Benny(1993) Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War. Oxford University Press, شابک ۰−۱۹−۸۲۷۸۵۰−۰. p. 135
- ↑ UN DOC S/PV 630 of 27 October 1953 بایگانی‌شده در ۹ فوریه ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "S/1459 of 20 February 1950". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
- ↑ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب
<ref> غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نامMorris pp.54,98وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.). - ↑ ۹٫۰ ۹٫۱ Morris Border Wars. pp. 54, 98, 137
- ↑ "Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation – Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. p. 301
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. p.314
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. p. 325
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. p. 350
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. p. 358
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. pp. 359, 360
- ↑ ۱۷٫۰ ۱۷٫۱ Morris Border Wars. p. 397
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. pp. 54, 98
- ↑ Morris Border Wars. p. 371
- ↑ Vassiliev, Alexei (2012) King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. Personality, Faith and Times. Saqi. شابک ۹۷۸−۰−۸۶۳۵۶−۶۸۹−۹. p. 333
- ↑ Vassiliev, Alexei (2012) King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. Personality, Faith and Times. Saqi. شابک ۹۷۸−۰−۸۶۳۵۶−۶۸۹−۹. pp. 333, 334
- ↑ "Sarasota Herald-Tribune – Google News Archive Search".
- ↑ "The Palm Beach Post – Google News Archive Search". google.com. [پیوند مرده]
- ↑ "Arab Extremist Leader Shot to Death in Paris", Los Angeles Times, Saturday, April 7, 1973, p. I-4 ("An Iraqi law professor, identified in Beirut as a leader of an extremist Palestinian guerrilla group, was shot to death in the center of Paris early Friday... Basil Al Kubaisi")
- ↑ Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, pp. 429, 449
- ↑ Sarna p. 148
- ↑ Abraham Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East, Random House/Schocken Books (2004) p. 115
- ↑ A Short History of Terror بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۰۹-۰۵-۱۹ توسط Wayback Machine, Ha'aretz.
- ↑ "Parcel Bomb Kills 3 at an Israeli Post Office; Letter Bombs Used Since 1972". The New York Times. 6 October 1980. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
- ↑ "Palestinian guerrillas claimed responsibility for a grenade packed in". UPI News. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
- ↑ "Elie Hobeika - Lebanese militia leader". britannica.com.
- ↑ "פרשות היעלמות הילדים שהסעירו את ישראל - וואלה! חדשות". walla.co.il. 25 August 2008.
- ↑ "Lexington Herald Leader: Search Results". docs.newsbank.com.
- ↑ ۳۴٫۰ ۳۴٫۱ ۳۴٫۲ ۳۴٫۳ "Fatalities in the first Intifada". B'Tselem.
- ↑ Times, John Kifner and Special To the New York (August 1988). "HUSSEIN SURRENDERS CLAIMS ON WEST BANK TO THE P.L.O.; U.S. PEACE PLAN IN JEOPARDY; Internal Tensions". The New York Times.
- ↑ Barnard, Anne (August 29, 2005). "After Gaza, fear rises of West Bank violence". The Boston Globe.
- ↑ "Gaza Beach Libel". Archived from the original on July 14, 2009.
- ↑ "IDF not responsible for Gaza blast - Jerusalem Post". jpost.com.
- ↑ Greenberg, Hanan (6 November 2006). "Gaza beach blast: Possible scenarios". Ynetnews.
- ↑ Der Krieg der Bilder بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۰۶-۰۶-۱۹ توسط Wayback Machine, Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 16, 2006
- ↑ "German paper doubts Gaza beach reports". Ynetnews. 18 June 2006.
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch switches stories on the Gaza beach killings". Adloyada. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2006-09-29.
- ↑ "Israeli missile kills 11 Palestinians in Gaza". Turkish Daily News. Jun 14, 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
- ↑ PA Rocket Slams Into the Heart of Ashkelon – Defense/Middle East – Israel News – Arutz Sheva بایگانی‌شده در ژوئیه ۱۳, ۲۰۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "State snubbed war victim, family says". Ynet. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- ↑ Erlanger, Steven (19 September 2006). "In Gaza, the Rule by the Gun Draws Many Competitors". The New York Times.
- ↑ "Amid civil war fears, Hamas and Fatah stockpile arms". Archived from the original on October 1, 2007.
- ↑ "UN says Gaza crisis 'intolerable'". BBC News. September 26, 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ↑ Johnston, Alan (September 1, 2006). "Palestinian despair as donors meet". BBC News. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ↑ "Defense Update News Commentary: January 1, 2005 – January 31, 2005". Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.
- ↑ "Microsoft Word – RC CRT 2005-Entire S Version-4 27.doc" (PDF). state.gov.
- ↑ "Redirecting…". www.aish.com. 22 May 2004. Archived from the original on 5 November 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2006.
- ↑ S/PV.4972 of May 19, 2004 بایگانی‌شده در آوریل ۹, ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "The News International: Latest News Breaking, Pakistan News". www.thenews.com.pk. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
- ↑ "Gunmen fire on Palestinian PM's convoy in Gaza". CBC News. October 20, 2006.
- ↑ "Israel releases withheld tax funds to Abbas's office". The New York Times. January 19, 2007.
- ↑ "The Palestinian National Unity Government". February 24, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ↑ Erlanger, Steven (May 4, 2007). "Israel Wary of U.S. Proposals on Palestinians". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
- ↑ "People's Daily Online -- Palestinian gov't slams U.S. Peace initiative".
- ↑ "IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers". Jerusalem Post. March 28, 2009. Archived from the original on January 25, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2010.. Also see note 23 below for citation of the official summary of the Final Report on the IDF's own internet news site.
- ↑ "Guardian investigation uncovers evidence of alleged Israeli war crimes in Gaza". The Guardian. March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
- ↑ "Gaza war crimes investigation: Israeli drones". The Guardian. March 23, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
- ↑ "Phosphorus bombs in Gaza – the evidence". The Guardian. January 16, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
- ↑ Khalili, Mustafa; Tait, Michael (2009-01-19). "Video: White phosphorus in Gaza: the victims". the Guardian (به انگلیسی). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
- ↑ "Two Israeli policemen shot dead in West Bank". France24. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ↑ "West Bank shooting kills 2 Israeli police". LA Times. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ↑ "Israel detains suspect in West Bank ax attack". MSNBC. April 4, 2009. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ↑ 'Terrorist was a PA officer' بایگانی‌شده در فوریه ۱۴, ۲۰۱۰ توسط Wayback Machine, Jerusalem Post 11-02-2010
- ↑ Efraim, Omri (26 January 2011). "Murder survivor: I still have flashbacks". Ynetnews. Ynet. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
- ↑ "Palestinians get 3 life sentences for 2 murders". The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ↑ ""One Israeli Killed, 12 Injured in Motorcycle Bomb Attack in Haifa". Kuwait News Agency. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ↑ Keinon, Herb. "Second round of peace talks wraps up in Sharm e-Sheikh". Jerusalem Post. Israel. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
- ↑ "Palestinian convicted in murders of American and Israeli women near Jerusalem". Haaretz. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ↑ Mandel, Roi (20 December 2010). "Stabbing victim 'found God' in Israel". Ynetnews. Ynet. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ↑ ۷۵٫۰ ۷۵٫۱ ۷۵٫۲ "A Classical Analysis of the 2014 Israel-Hamas Conflict". Combating Terrorism Center at West Point (به انگلیسی). 2014-12-10. Archived from the original on 2022-10-30. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
- ↑ Altman, Yair (13 March 2011). "Itamar massacre: Fogel family butchered while sleeping". Ynetnews. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ Levinson, Chaim (5 June 2011). "West Bank court indicts Palestinian teens for murder of Fogel family". Haaretz.
- ↑ Aron Heller and Josh Lederman (7 October 2012). "Israel Radio: 1 Killed in Jerusalem Explosion". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- ↑ "New video released of slain Italian activist: 'Day I arrived in Gaza was happiest of my life". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
- ↑ "Five year anniversary of the death of Vittorio Arrigoni". International Solidarity Movement. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
- ↑ Issacharoff, Avi. "Report: Three Egyptians took part in terrorist attacks on southern Israel". Haaretz.
- ↑ "'Palestine is being reborn,' Mahmoud Abbas says". Archived from the original on 2011-09-26. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
- ↑ McGreal, Chris (November 11, 2011). "UN vote on Palestinian state put off amid lack of support". The Guardian. London.
- ↑ "Shin Bet reports increase in terror attacks in 2012". timesofisrael.com.
- ↑ 2 mortar shells from Gaza contained phosphorus, The Jerusalem Post, January 1, 2012
- ↑ Gaza militants fire rocket at Israeli town, despite truce, Haaretz 13-03-12
- ↑ Israeli airstrikes kill 15 in Gaza; militants fire barrage of rockets, Washington Post March 10, 2012
- ↑ Israeli airstrike kills commander, 15 militants in Gaza بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۱۲-۰۷-۰۱ توسط Wayback Machine, USA Today March 10, 2012
- ↑ IAF strike on rocket squad brings Gaza death toll to 16, The Jerusalem Post, March 11, 2012
- ↑ 3 Palestinians killed in Israeli airstrikes بایگانی‌شده در اکتبر ۱۶, ۲۰۱۳ توسط Wayback Machine, WGME March 11, 2012
- ↑ Akiva Eldar,Israel Defense Ministry plan earmarks 10 percent of West Bank for settlement expansion at Haaretz, 30 March 2012.
- ↑ Kais, Roi (23 September 2012). "Jihadists say launched border attack as 'revenge over film'". Ynetnews.
- ↑ "Day 2: 300+ Rockets Fired at Israel Since Start of Operation Pillar of Defense" (live updates). Algemeiner. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ↑ "LIVE BLOG: Day 8 of Israel-Gaza conflict 2012". Haaretz. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
- ↑ "Factbox: Gaza targets bombed by Israel". reuters.com. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ↑ "Israeli strikes kill 23 in bloodiest day for Gaza". Thenews.com.pk. 13 November 2012. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
- ↑ "Rockets kill 2 Israelis; Fajr 5 hits near Tel Aviv" بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۱۲-۱۱-۲۰ توسط Wayback Machine. Agence France-Presse. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ↑ "MDA: 16 injured in South on sixth day of operation". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ↑ Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary General (2012-11-21). "Secretary-General's remarks to the Security Council [as delivered"]. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 2012-11-25. "Overall, in that same time period, more than 1,456 rockets have been fired from Gaza into Israel. 142 have fallen inside Gaza itself. Approximately 409 were intercepted by the Iron Dome anti-missile system. (...) Since Israel's targeted assassination from the air, on 14 November, of Ahmed Jaabari, chief of Hamas’ military wing, and with Israel's offensive in Gaza in its eighth day, the Israel Defense Forces publicly reported that it has conducted strikes at more than 1,450 targets in Gaza.""
- ↑ "Hamas fires rocket at Jerusalem". Belfast Telegraph. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
- ↑ Lappin, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah (15 November 2012). "Gaza rocket hits area south of Tel Aviv for first time" بایگانی‌شده در نوامبر ۱۵, ۲۰۱۲ توسط Wayback Machine. The Jerusalem Post.
- ↑ "United Nations Official Document". www.un.org.
- ↑ "Israel okays building of 3,000 units in J'lem, W. Bank". Archived from the original on 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ↑ Khoury, Jack; Reuters (17 May 2018). "IDF Kills Teenager in West Bank, Fourth Palestinian Death in a Week". Haaretz.
- ↑ Levinson, Chaim; Cohen, Gili (17 May 2018). "Yesh Din Report Palestinian Woman Shot Dead by IDF Soldier, Another Wounded". Haaretz.
- ↑ "BBC News – Israeli settler killed in West Bank". BBC News. 30 April 2013.
- ↑ JP – 3 Palestinians killed as IDF, Border Police come under attack making arrest in Kalandiya.
- ↑ Haaretz – Israeli soldier, missing for 24 hours, found murdered in West Bank.
- ↑ Haaretz – Israeli soldier killed in apparent sniper shooting near Hebron.
- ↑ "Soldier killed by sniper's bullet in Hebron". Times of Israel. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ↑ "Palestinian shot dead on Gaza-Israel border". BBC News. October 1, 2013.
- ↑ Levinson, Chaim; Cohen, Gili; Khoury, Jack (6 October 2013). "Nine-year-old Girl Hurt in Settlement Terror Attack; IDF: Suspect Got Away". Haaretz.
- ↑ ۱۱۳٫۰ ۱۱۳٫۱ Israeli jets pound Gaza as Netanyahu blames Hamas for teenagers' deaths.
- ↑ Hatuqa, Dalia. "Israeli forces kill Palestinian during raids". www.aljazeera.com.
- ↑ Israeli troops kill 2 Palestinians during search for Israeli students in occupied West Bank.
- ↑ "Three confess to murdering and burning Palestinian boy, say police," The Telegraph.
- ↑ "Suspected Israeli revenge killing of Palestinian triggers clashes," بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۱۵-۰۹-۲۴ توسط Wayback Machine Reuters, 2 July 2014.
- ↑ "Israel launches large-scale ground invasion of Gaza Strip after Hamas rejects truce," National Post, 17 July 2014.
- ↑ "US 'appalled' by 'disgraceful' Israeli shelling of Gaza UN school". The Guardian (به انگلیسی). 2014-08-03. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
- ↑ "U.N. says Israel violated international law, after shells hit school in Gaza". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
- ↑ "U.N. Says 'Evidence' Points to Israel in Gaza School Attack (Published 2014)" (به انگلیسی). 2014-07-30. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
- ↑ kehilat beni torah
- ↑ ۱۲۳٫۰ ۱۲۳٫۱ Debre, Isabel; Daraghmeh, Mohammed (22 July 2019). "Israeli Probes Into Deaths of Palestinians Yield Few Results". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ↑ Levy, Elior; Zitun, Yoav (2018-12-11). "New footage shows disabled Palestinian shot from behind by IDF". ynetnews. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
- ↑ "Israeli forces kill Palestinian, 22, in Tulkarem raid". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
- ↑ "Hundreds attend funeral of young Palestinian man killed in Israeli military raid". i24NEWS (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
- ↑ ۱۲۷٫۰ ۱۲۷٫۱ "Target: Israeli Children". Israeli Ministry of Education. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013.
On Monday, March 26, 2001 a Palestinian sniper aimed his rifle and opened fire at 10-month-old Shalhevet Pass in Hebron, while she was lying in her stroller. Shalhevet was killed by a bullet to the head.
- ↑ "Israel kills key Palestinian leader". BBC News. August 27, 2001. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.il بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۰۴-۰۶-۱۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "George Bush Speech on Israel-Palestinian Settlement June 2002". www.mideastweb.org.
- ↑ "Weinberg infant". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ↑ "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ↑ "USATODAY.com - Israeli strike kills Hamas leader, at least 14 others". www.usatoday.com.
- ↑ Atinsky, Bryan. "Tanzim intended to stop terrorism". mailman.lbo-talk.org.
- ↑ Israel arrests suspects in university bombing بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۰۷-۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine, CNN 21-08-2002
- ↑ Remembering Israel's campus blast, BBC 30-07-2003
- ↑ "Suicide bombing near old central bus station in Tel Aviv". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Haifa suicide bombing". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ ۱۴۰٫۰ ۱۴۰٫۱ "Suicide blast hits Jerusalem bus". London: BBC. 11 June 2003. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ ۱۴۱٫۰ ۱۴۱٫۱ Jonathan Lis (13 June 2003). "Jerusalem bus attack death toll rises to 17". Ha'aretz. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ "Suicide bombing of Egged bus No 14A in Jerusalem". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel). 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ ICJ advisory opinion summary/ Separation barrier – Summary – Press release (July 9, 2004) بایگانی‌شده در آوریل ۱, ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Written Statement of the Government of Canada to the International Court of Justice". Archived from the original on 2004-03-08.
- ↑ "House Resolution Denouncing Misuse Of International Court On Israel's Security Fence (July 2004)". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ↑ ۱۴۶٫۰ ۱۴۶٫۱ "Suicide bombing of Egged bus no. 19 in Jerusalem". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. January 29, 2004. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ↑ ۱۴۷٫۰ ۱۴۷٫۱ "Suicide Bombing at Ashdod Port". March 2004. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- ↑ ۱۴۸٫۰ ۱۴۸٫۱ "Israel/Occupied Territories: AI condemns murder of woman and her four daughters by Palestinian gunmen". Amnesty International. May 4, 2004.
- ↑ 16 killed in suicide bombings on buses in Israel – published on CNN on September 1, 2004
- ↑ The New Iranian Leadership: Ahmadinejad, Terrorism, Nuclear Ambition, and the Middle East. Yonah Alexander, Milton M. Hoenig. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. شابک ۹۷۸−۰−۲۷۵−۹۹۶۳۹−۰
- ↑ ۱۵۱٫۰ ۱۵۱٫۱ "After attack, Israel cuts Abbas contact". The Boston Globe. 2005-01-15.
- ↑ ۱۵۲٫۰ ۱۵۲٫۱ Suicide bombing at Tel Aviv Stage Club بایگانی‌شده در ژوئن ۲۵, ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Rachel Ben Abu". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Nofar Horowitz". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Julia Voloshin". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Anya Lifshitz". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Moshe Maor Jan". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Israel kills key Palestinian leader". BBC News. August 27, 2001. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ↑ http://www.mfa.gov.il بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۰۴-۰۶-۱۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "George Bush Speech on Israel-Palestinian Settlement June 2002". www.mideastweb.org.
- ↑ "Weinberg infant". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ↑ "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ↑ "USATODAY.com - Israeli strike kills Hamas leader, at least 14 others". www.usatoday.com.
- ↑ Atinsky, Bryan. "Tanzim intended to stop terrorism". mailman.lbo-talk.org.
- ↑ Israel arrests suspects in university bombing بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۰۸-۰۷-۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine, CNN 21-08-2002
- ↑ Remembering Israel's campus blast, BBC 30-07-2003
- ↑ "Suicide bombing near old central bus station in Tel Aviv". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Haifa suicide bombing". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Suicide bombing of Egged bus No 14A in Jerusalem". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel). 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
- ↑ ICJ advisory opinion summary/ Separation barrier – Summary – Press release (July 9, 2004) بایگانی‌شده در آوریل ۱, ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Written Statement of the Government of Canada to the International Court of Justice". Archived from the original on 2004-03-08.
- ↑ "House Resolution Denouncing Misuse Of International Court On Israel's Security Fence (July 2004)". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
- ↑ 16 killed in suicide bombings on buses in Israel – published on CNN on September 1, 2004
- ↑ The New Iranian Leadership: Ahmadinejad, Terrorism, Nuclear Ambition, and the Middle East. Yonah Alexander, Milton M. Hoenig. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. شابک ۹۷۸−۰−۲۷۵−۹۹۶۳۹−۰
- ↑ "Rachel Ben Abu". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Nofar Horowitz". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Julia Voloshin". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Anya Lifshitz". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ "Moshe Maor Jan". mfa.gov.il.
- ↑ ۱۸۱٫۰ ۱۸۱٫۱ ۱۸۱٫۲ "Data on casualties". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory (OCHAoPt). United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023. خطای یادکرد: برچسب
<ref>نامعتبر؛ نام «OCHA-oPt» چندین بار با محتوای متفاوت تعریف شده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
[[رده:گاه‌شمارهای تاریخ معاصر]] [[رده:مقاله‌های دارای ویدئو]] [[رده:نزاع اسرائیل و فلسطین]] [[رده:الگوهای درگاه با درگاه‌های ناموجود]]