کاتینون استخلافی
ظاهر
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کاتینونهای استخلافی، که شامل برخی از محرکها و entactogens هستند، مشتقات کاتینون محسوب می شوند. این ترکیبات دارای یک هسته فنتیلآمین با یک گروه آلکیل متصل به کربن آلفا و یک گروه کتون متصل به کربن بتا، همراه با استخلافهای اضافی هستند.[۱][۲][۳][۴][۵] کاتینون به طور طبیعی در گیاه قات وجود دارد که برگهای آن به عنوان داروی تفریحی جویده می شود.[۶]
فهرست کاتینونهای استخلافی
[ویرایش]مشتقات ممکن است با استخلاف در چهار محلِ مولکولِ کاتینون تولید شوند:
- R1 = هیدروژن، یا هر ترکیبی از یک یا چند آلکیل، آلکوکسی، آلکیلندیاکسی، هالوآلکان یا استخلافهای هالید
- R2 = هیدروژن یا یک گروه آلکیل
- R3 = هیدروژن، یک گروه آلکیل یا اتصال در یک ساختار حلقوی
- R4 = هیدروژن، یک گروه آلکیل یا اتصال در یک ساختار حلقوی
جدول زیر مشتقات مهم گزارش شده کاتینونها را نشان میدهد:[۷][۸][۹][۱۰][۱۱][۱۲][۱۳][۱۴][۱۵][۱۶][۱۷][۱۸][۱۹][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳][۲۴][۲۵][۲۶][۲۷][۲۸]
ساختار | ترکیب | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | شماره CAS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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کاتینون | H | Me | H | H | ۷۱۰۳۱-۱۵-۷ |
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Methcathinone | H | Me | H | Me | ۵۶۵۰-۴۴-۲ |
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Ethcathinone | H | Me | H | Et | ۵۱۵۵۳-۱۷-۴ |
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Propylcathinone | H | Me | H | nPr | ۵۲۵۹۷-۱۴-۵ |
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Buphedrone | H | Et | H | Me | ۴۰۸۳۳۲-۷۹-۶ |
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N-Ethylbuphedrone (NEB) | H | Et | H | Et | ۱۳۵۴۶۳۱-۲۸-۹ |
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N-Methyl-N-ethylbuphedrone | H | Et | Me | Et | |
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Pentedrone | H | nPr | H | Me | ۸۷۹۷۲۲-۵۷-۳ |
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N-Ethylpentedrone | H | nPr | H | Et | ۱۸۲۶۸-۱۶-۱ |
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N-Isopropylpentedrone | H | nPr | H | iPr | ۱۸۲۶۸-۱۴-۹ |
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Hexedrone | H | nBu | H | Me | ۲۱۶۹۴۴۶-۴۱-۵ |
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N-Ethylhexedrone | H | nBu | H | Et | ۱۸۴۱۰-۶۲-۳ |
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N-Butylhexedrone | H | nBu | H | nBu | ۱۸۲۹۶-۶۶-۷ |
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N-Isobutylhexedrone (NDH) | H | nBu | H | i-Bu | |
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Isohexedrone | H | iBu | H | Me | |
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N-Ethylheptedrone | H | nPe | H | Et | |
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Octedrone | H | گروه آلکیل | H | Me | |
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Dimethylcathinone | H | Me | Me | Me | ۱۵۳۵۱-۰۹-۴ |
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Diethylpropion | H | Me | Et | Et | ۱۳۴-۸۰-۵ |
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N-Methyl-N-ethylcathinone | H | Me | Me | Et | ۱۱۵۷۷۳۹-۲۴-۶ |
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بوپروپیون (3-CBP) | 3-Cl | Me | H | t-Bu | ۳۴۹۱۱-۵۵-۲ |
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Hydroxybupropion | 3-Cl | Me | H | 2-Me-3-OH-propan-2-yl | ۳۵۷۳۹۹-۴۳-۰ |
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مفدرون | 4-Me | Me | H | Me | ۱۱۸۹۸۰۵-۴۶-۶ |
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2-MMC | 2-Me | Me | H | Me | ۱۲۴۶۹۱۱-۷۱-۶ |
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2-MEC | 2-Me | Me | H | Et | ۱۴۳۹۴۳۹-۸۴-۵ |
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2-EMC | 2-Et | Me | H | Me | |
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2-EEC | 2-Et | Me | H | Et | ۲۴۴۶۴۶۶-۵۹-۵ |
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3-MMC | 3-Me | Me | H | Me | ۱۲۴۶۸۱۶-۶۲-۵ |
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3-MEC | 3-Me | Me | H | Et | ۱۴۳۹۴۳۹-۸۳-۴ |
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3-EMC | 3-Et | Me | H | Me | |
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3-EEC | 3-Et | Me | H | Et | ۲۴۴۶۴۶۶-۶۱-۹ |
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4-EMC | 4-Et | Me | H | Me | ۱۲۲۵۶۲۲-۱۴-۹ |
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4-EEC | 4-Et | Me | H | Et | ۲۴۴۶۴۶۶-۶۲-۰ |
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4-MC | 4-Me | Me | H | H | ۳۱۹۵۲-۴۷-۳ |
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Benzedrone | 4-Me | Me | H | Bn | ۱۲۲۵۶۱۷-۷۵-۳ |
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2'-MeO-Benzedrone | 4-Me | Me | H | 2-MeO-Bn | |
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2,N-Dimethylbenzedrone | 2-Me | Me | Me | Bn | |
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3,N-Dimethylbenzedrone | 3-Me | Me | Me | Bn | |
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4,N-Dimethylbenzedrone | 4-Me | Me | Me | Bn | |
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4-MEC | 4-Me | Me | H | Et | ۱۲۲۵۶۱۷-۱۸-۴ |
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4-MPC | 4-Me | Me | H | nPr | |
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N,N-DMMC | 4-Me | Me | Me | Me | ۱۴۴۸۸۴۵-۱۴-۴ |
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N,N-MEMC | 4-Me | Me | Me | Et | |
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N,N-DEMC | 4-Me | Me | Et | Et | ۶۷۶۳۱۶-۹۰-۸ |
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4-MEAP | 4-Me | Pr | H | Et | ۷۴۶۵۴۰-۸۲-۹ |
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EDMC | 4-Et | Me | Me | Me | |
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2,3-DMMC | 2,3-dimethyl | Me | H | Me | |
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2,3-DMEC | 2,3-dimethyl | Me | H | Et | |
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2,4-DMMC | 2,4-dimethyl | Me | H | Me | ۱۲۲۵۶۲۳-۶۳-۱ |
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2,4-DMEC | 2,4-dimethyl | Me | H | Et | ۱۲۲۵۹۱۳-۸۸-۱ |
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2,5-DMMC | 2,5-dimethyl | Me | H | Me | |
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2,5-DMEC | 2,5-dimethyl | Me | H | Et | |
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2,6-DMMC | 2,6-dimethyl | Me | H | Me | |
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2,6-DMEC | 2,6-dimethyl | Me | H | Et | |
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3,4-DMMC | 3,4-dimethyl | Me | H | Me | ۱۰۸۲۱۱۰-۰۰-۶ |
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3,4-DMEC | 3,4-dimethyl | Me | H | Et | ۱۲۲۵۸۱۱-۸۱-۳ |
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3,5-DMEC | 3,5-dimethyl | Me | H | Et | |
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2,4,5-TMMC | 2,4,5-trimethyl | Me | H | Me | ۱۳۶۸۶۰۳-۸۵-۳ |
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2,4,5-TMOMC | 2,4,5-trimethoxy | Me | H | Me | |
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3,4,5-TMOMC | 3,4,5-trimethoxy | Me | H | Me | |
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Methedrone | ۴-MeO | Me | H | Me | ۵۳۰-۵۴-۱ |
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Dimethedrone | ۴-MeO | Me | Me | Me | ۹۱۵۶۴-۳۹-۵ |
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Ethedrone | 4-MeO | Me | H | Et | |
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2-MOMC | 2-MeO | Me | H | Me | |
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3-MOMC | 3-MeO | Me | H | Me | ۱۴۳۵۹۳۳-۷۰-۲ |
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3-FC | 3-F | Me | H | H | ۱۰۸۲۹۴۹-۹۱-۴ |
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4-FC | 4-F | Me | H | H | ۸۰۰۹۶-۵۱-۱ |
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2-FMC | 2-F | Me | H | Me | ۱۱۸۶۱۳۷-۳۵-۸ |
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2-FEC | 2-F | Me | H | Et | |
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3-FMC | 3-F | Me | H | Me | ۱۰۴۹۶۷۷-۷۷-۱ |
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3-FEC | 3-F | Me | H | Et | |
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2-CMC | 2-Cl | Me | H | Me | |
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2-BMC | 2-Br | Me | H | Me | |
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2-IMC | 2-I | Me | H | Me | |
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2-TFMAP | 2-CF3 | Me | H | Me | |
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Clophedrone | 3-Cl | Me | H | Me | ۱۰۴۹۶۷۷-۵۹-۹ |
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3-CEC | 3-Cl | Me | H | Et | ۲۱۵۰۴۷۶-۶۰-۹ |
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3-BMC | 3-Br | Me | H | Me | ۶۷۶۴۸۷-۴۲-۶ |
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3-IMC | 3-I | Me | H | Me | |
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3-TFMAP | 3-CF3 | Me | H | Me | |
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Flephedrone | ۴-F | Me | H | Me | ۴۴۷-۴۰-۵ |
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4-FEC | 4-F | Me | H | Et | ۱۲۲۵۶۲۵-۷۴-۰ |
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Clephedrone | 4-Cl | Me | H | Me | ۱۲۲۵۸۴۳-۸۶-۶ |
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2-CEC | 2-Cl | Me | H | Et | |
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4-CEC | 4-Cl | Me | H | Et | ۱۴۹۱۹-۸۵-۸ |
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2-CiPC | 2-Cl | Me | H | iPr | |
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3-CiPC | 3-Cl | Me | H | iPr | |
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4-CiPC | 4-Cl | Me | H | iPr | |
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4-CBC | 4-Cl | Me | H | nBu | ۱۲۲۵۶۲۱-۷۱-۵ |
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2-CDMC | 2-Cl | Me | Me | Me | |
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3-CDMC | 3-Cl | Me | Me | Me | |
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4-CDMC | 4-Cl | Me | Me | Me | ۱۱۵۷۶۶۷-۲۹-۲ |
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Brephedrone | ۴-Br | Me | H | Me | ۴۸۶۴۵۹-۰۳-۴ |
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4-BEC | 4-Br | Me | H | Et | ۱۳۵۳۳۳-۲۶-۵ |
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4-IMC | 4-I | Me | H | Me | |
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4-TFMAP | 4-CF3 | Me | H | Me | |
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4-EFMC | 4-(2-fluoroethyl) | Me | H | Me | |
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4-MTMC | 4-SCH3 | Me | H | Me | |
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4-MSMC | 4-SO2CH3 | Me | H | Me | |
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4-PHMC | 4-phenyl | Me | H | Me | |
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Mexedrone | 4-Me | methoxymethyl | H | Me | |
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FMMC | 3-F-4-Me | Me | H | Me | ۱۶۹۶۶۴۲-۰۰-۸ |
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MFMC | 3-Me-4-F | Me | H | Me | ۱۳۶۸۹۴۳-۲۱-۸ |
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MMOMC | 3-Me-4-MeO | Me | H | Me | |
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3,4-DCMC | 3,4-dichloro | Me | H | Me | ۸۰۲۲۸۱-۳۹-۶ |
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3,4-DCEC | 3,4-dichloro | Me | H | Et | ۱۲۲۵۶۱۸-۶۳-۲ |
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3,5-DCMC | 3,5-dichloro | Me | H | Me | |
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3,5-DFMC | 3,5-difluoro | Me | H | Me | ۱۴۳۰۳۴۳-۵۵-۷ |
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2,5-DMOMC | 2,5-dimethoxy | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-2C-C | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloro | H | H | H | ۱۵۳۸۱۹۱-۱۵-۹ |
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βk-2C-B | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromo | H | H | H | ۸۰۷۶۳۱-۰۹-۰ |
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βk-2C-I | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo | H | H | H | |
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βk-2C-D | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl | H | H | H | ۱۳۶۸۶۲۷-۲۵-۱ |
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βk-2C-E | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethyl | H | H | H | ۱۵۱۷۰۲۱-۰۲-۱ |
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βk-2C-P | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propyl | H | H | H | |
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βk-2C-iP | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-isopropyl | H | H | H | ۱۵۱۱۰۳۳-۶۲-۷ |
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βk-DOB | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromo | Me | H | H | |
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βk-MDOM | 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-MDA | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | H | ۸۰۵۳۵-۷۳-۵ |
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N-Acetyl-βk-MDA | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | acetyl | |
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2,3-MDMC | 2,3-methylenedioxy | Me | H | Me | ۱۴۲۷۲۰۵-۸۷-۵ |
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Methylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | Me | ۱۸۶۰۲۸-۷۹-۵ |
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Dimethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | Me | Me | ۱۰۹۳۶۷-۰۷-۹ |
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N-Acetylmethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | acetyl | Me | |
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N-Hydroxymethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | hydroxy | Me | |
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Ethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | Et | ۱۱۱۲۹۳۷-۶۴-۰ |
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Diethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | Et | Et | |
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N-Acetylethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | acetyl | Et | |
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N-Isopropyl-βk-MDA | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | iPr | |
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MDPT | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | t-Bu | ۱۸۶۰۲۸-۸۴-۲ |
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BMDP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | Bn | ۱۸۲۳۲۷۴-۶۸-۵ |
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3,4-EDMC | 3,4-ethylenedioxy | Me | H | Me | ۳۰۲۵۳-۴۴-۲ |
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βk-IMP | 3,4-trimethylene | Me | H | Me | ۱۰۰۶۰۸-۶۹-۳ |
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βk-IBP | 3,4-trimethylene | Et | H | Et | |
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βk-IVP | 3,4-trimethylene | nPr | H | Et | |
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3-Fluorobuphedrone | 3-F | Et | H | Me | |
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4-Fluorobuphedrone | 4-F | Et | H | Me | ۱۳۶۸۵۹۹-۱۲-۵ |
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4-Bromobuphedrone | 4-Br | Et | H | Me | |
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4-Me-MABP | 4-Me | Et | H | Me | ۱۳۳۶۹۱۱-۹۸-۸ |
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4-Me-NEB | 4-Me | Et | H | Et | ۱۸۲۶۸-۱۹-۴ |
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2-F-NEB | 2-F | Et | H | Et | |
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3-F-NEB | 3-F | Et | H | Et | |
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4-F-NEB | 4-F | Et | H | Et | |
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4-Me-DMB | 4-Me | Et | Me | Me | |
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3,4-DMEB | 3,4-dimethyl | Et | H | Et | |
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4-Methoxybuphedrone | 4-MeO | Et | H | Me | |
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Butylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | H | Me | ۸۰۲۵۷۵-۱۱-۷ |
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Eutylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | H | Et | ۸۰۲۸۵۵-۶۶-۹ |
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βk-PBDB | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | H | nPr | |
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Bn-4-MeMABP | 4-Me | Et | H | Bn | ۱۴۴۵۷۵۱-۳۹-۲ |
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BMDB | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | H | Bn | ۱۴۴۵۷۵۱-۴۷-۲ |
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βk-DMBDB | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | Me | Me | ۸۰۲۲۸۶-۸۳-۵ |
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βk-MMDMA | 3,4-methylenedioxy-5-MeO | Me | H | Me | ۲۲۳۰۷۱۶-۹۸-۸ |
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βk-MMDMA-2 | 2-MeO-3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-DMMDA | 2,5-diMeO-3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | H | H | |
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5-Methylmethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me | Me | H | Me | ۱۳۶۴۹۳۳-۸۳-۴ |
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5-Methylethylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me | Me | H | Et | ۱۳۶۴۹۳۳-۸۲-۳ |
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2-Methylbutylone | 2-Me-3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | H | Me | ۱۳۶۴۹۳۳-۸۶-۷ |
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5-Methylbutylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me | Et | H | Me | ۱۳۵۴۶۳۱-۲۹-۰ |
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Pentylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | H | Me | ۶۹۸۹۶۳-۷۷-۸ |
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N-Ethylpentylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | H | Et | ۷۲۷۶۴۱-۶۷-۰ |
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N-propylpentylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | H | nPr | |
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N-butylpentylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | H | nBu | |
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2,3-Dipentylone | 2,3-methylenedioxy | nPr | Me | Me | |
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Dipentylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | Me | Me | ۱۷۷۶۳-۱۳-۲ |
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N,N-Diethylnorpentylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | Et | Et | |
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Hexylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nBu | H | Me | |
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Isohexylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | iBu | H | Me | |
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N-Ethylhexylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nBu | H | Et | ۲۷۹۱۲-۴۱-۰ |
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N-Ethylheptylone | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPe | H | Et | |
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4-MEAP | 4-Me | nPr | H | Et | ۷۴۶۵۴۰-۸۲-۹ |
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3,4-DMEP | 3,4-dimethyl | nPr | H | Et | |
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2-F-Pentedrone | 2-F | nPr | H | Me | |
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3-F-Pentedrone | 3-F | nPr | H | Me | |
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4-F-Pentedrone | 4-F | nPr | H | Me | |
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4-Cl-Pentedrone | 4-Cl | nPr | H | Me | ۲۱۶۷۹۴۹-۴۳-۹ |
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4-Methylpentedrone | 4-Me | nPr | H | Me | ۱۳۷۳۹۱۸-۶۱-۶ |
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DL-4662 | 3,4-dimethoxy | nPr | H | Et | ۱۶۷۴۳۸۹-۵۵-۹ |
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4-F-iPr-norpentedrone | 4-F | nPr | H | iPr | |
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3-CBV | 3-Cl | nPr | H | tBu | |
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4-methylhexedrone | 4-Me | nBu | H | Me | |
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MEH | 4-Me | nBu | H | Et | |
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3F-NEH | 3-F | nBu | H | Et | |
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4-F-hexedrone | 4-F | nBu | H | Me | |
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4-F-octedrone | 4-F | hexyl | H | Me | |
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α-phenylmephedrone | 4-Me | phenyl | H | Me | |
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βk-Ephenidine | H | phenyl | H | Et | ۲۲۳۱۲-۱۶-۹ |
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BMAPN | β-naphthyl instead of phenyl | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-Methiopropamine | thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl | Me | H | Me | ۲۴۰۶۵-۱۷-۶ |
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5-Cl-bk-MPA | 5-chlorothiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-5-MAPB | benzofuran-5-yl instead of phenyl | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-6-MAPB | benzofuran-6-yl instead of phenyl | Me | H | Me | |
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βk-5-IT | indol-5-yl instead of phenyl | Me | H | H | ۱۳۶۹۲۳۱-۳۶-۶ |
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α-Phthalimidopropiophenone | H | Me | phthalimido | ۱۹۴۳۷-۲۰-۸ | |
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PPPO | H | Me | piperidinyl | ||
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PPBO | H | Et | piperidinyl | ۹۲۷۲۸-۸۲-۰ | |
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FPPVO | 4-F | nPr | piperidinyl | ||
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MDPV-azepane | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | آزپان | ||
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Caccure 907 | 4-SCH3 | α,α-di-Me | morpholinyl | ||
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α-PPP | H | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۹۱۳۴-۵۰-۰ | |
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α-PBP | H | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۴۱۵-۵۴-۸ | |
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α-PVP (O-2387) | H | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۴۵۳۰-۳۳-۷ | |
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α-PHP | H | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۴۱۵-۸۶-۶ | |
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α-PHiP | H | iBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-PEP (α-PHPP) | H | nPe | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۴۱۵-۸۳-۳ | |
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α-POP | H | گروه آلکیل | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-PNP | H | گروه آلکیل | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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DPPE (A-D2PV) | H | phenyl | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۷۵۹۰-۶۱-۰ | |
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α-PcPeP | H | سیکلوپنتان | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-PCYP | H | سیکلوهگزان | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۸۰۳۱۶۸-۱۱-۷ | |
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2-MePPP | 2-Me | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۰۹۲۴۲۹-۸۳-۷ | |
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3-MePPP | 3-Me | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۲۱۴۹۴۰-۰۱-۸ | |
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4-MePPP | 4-Me | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۱۳۳۹۳-۵۸-۶ | |
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3-MeO-PPP | 3-MeO | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MOPPP | 4-MeO | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۴۷۸۲۴۳-۰۹-۳ | |
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3-F-PPP | 3-F | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۲۱۴۹۳۹-۹۹-۷ | |
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FPPP | 4-F | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۸۱۱۷-۷۶-۲ | |
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Cl-PPP | 4-Cl | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۹۳۳۰۷-۲۴-۵ | |
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Br-PPP | 4-Br | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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2,3-DMPPP | 2,3-dimethyl | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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2,4-DMPPP | 2,4-dimethyl | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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3,4-DMPPP | 3,4-dimethyl | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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3-MPBP | 3-Me | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۷۳۹۱۸-۶۰-۵ | |
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3-F-PBP | 3-F | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۷۳۹۱۸-۵۹-۲ | |
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MPBP | 4-Me | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۷۳۲۱۸۰-۹۱-۵ | |
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FPBP | 4-F | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۳۷۳۹۱۸-۶۷-۲ | |
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EPBP | 4-Et | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MOPBP | 4-MeO | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MMOPBP | 3-Me-4-MeO | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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O-2384 | 3,4-dichloro | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۸۵۰۳۵۲-۶۵-۷ | |
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2-Me-PVP | 2-Me | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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Pyrovalerone (O-2371) | 4-Me | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۳۵۶۳-۴۹-۳ | |
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4-Et-PVP | 4-Et | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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3-F-PVP | 3-F | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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FPVP | 4-F | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۸۵۰۳۵۲-۳۱-۷ | |
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2-Cl-PVP | 2-Cl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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3-Cl-PVP | 3-Cl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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4-Cl-PVP | 4-Cl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۵۵۳۷-۱۷-۷ | |
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4-Br-PVP | 4-Br | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MOPVP | 4-MeO | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۵۵۳۷-۱۹-۹ | |
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DMOPVP | 3,4-dimethoxy | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۸۵۰۴۴۲-۸۴-۱ | |
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DMPVP | 3,4-dimethyl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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O-2390 | 3,4-dichloro | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۸۵۰۳۵۲-۶۱-۳ | |
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MFPVP | 3-methyl-4-fluoro | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MPHP | 4-Me | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ۳۴۱۳۸-۵۸-۴ | |
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3F-PHP | 3-F | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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FPHP | 4-F | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۲۳۰۷۰۶-۰۹-۷ | |
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4-Cl-PHP | 4-Cl | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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DMOPHP | 3,4-dimethoxy | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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3F-PiHP | 3-F | iBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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4F-PiHP | 4-F | iBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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O-2394 | 4-Me | iBu | pyrrolidinyl | ۸۵۰۳۵۲-۵۱-۱ | |
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MPEP | 4-Me | پنتیل | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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4F-PV8 | 4-F | pentyl | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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4-MeO-PV8 | 4-MeO | pentyl | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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4F-PV9 | 4-F | گروه آلکیل | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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4-MeO-PV9 | 4-MeO | hexyl | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-Phenylpyrovalerone | 4-Me | گروه فنیل | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MDPPP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ۷۸۳۲۴۱-۶۶-۷ | |
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MDMPP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | α,α-di-Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MDPBP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ۷۸۴۹۸۵-۳۳-۷ | |
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MDPV | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۶۸۷۶۰۳-۶۶-۳ | |
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2,3-MDPV | 2,3-methylenedioxy | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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5-Me-MDPV | 3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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6-Me-MDPV | 2-Me-4,5-methylenedioxy | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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6-MeO-MDPV | 2-MeO-4,5-methylenedioxy | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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Br-MeO-MDPV | 2,3-methylenedioxy-4-MeO-5-Br | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MDPiVP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | iPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MDPHP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ۷۷۶۹۹۴-۶۴-۰ | |
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MDPHiP | 3,4-methylenedioxy | iBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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MDPEP (MD-PV8) | 3,4-methylenedioxy | pentyl | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۴۶۴۶-۳۹-۷ | |
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MDPOP (MD-PV9) | 3,4-methylenedioxy | hexyl | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۴۶۴۶-۴۰-۰ | |
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5-PPDI | 3,4-trimethylene | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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5-BPDI | 3,4-trimethylene | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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5-HPDI | 3,4-trimethylene | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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IPPV | 3,4-trimethylene | phenyl | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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TH-PBP | 3,4-tetramethylene | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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TH-PVP | 3,4-tetramethylene | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۲۳۰۴۹۱۵-۰۷-۷ | |
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TH-PHP | 3,4-tetramethylene | nBu | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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5-DBFPV | 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl instead of Ph | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۶۲۰۸۰۷-۹۴-۴ | |
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3-BF-PVP | benzofuran-3-yl instead of Ph | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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Naphyrone (O-2482) | β-naphthyl instead of phenyl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۸۵۰۳۵۲-۵۳-۳ | |
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α-Naphyrone | α-naphthyl instead of phenyl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-PPT | thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl | Me | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-PBT | thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl | Et | pyrrolidinyl | ||
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α-PVT | thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl | nPr | pyrrolidinyl | ۱۴۰۰۷۴۲-۶۶-۶ |
همچنین ببینید
[ویرایش]منابع
[ویرایش]- ↑ Meltzer PC, Butler D, Deschamps JR, Madras BK (February 2006). "1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420–32. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC 2602954. PMID 16480278.
- ↑ Paillet-Loilier M, Cesbron A, Le Boisselier R, Bourgine J, Debruyne D (2014). "Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on substituted cathinones". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 5: 37–52. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37257. PMC 4043811. PMID 24966713.
- ↑ Simmons SJ, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Oliver CF, Hicks C, Muschamp JW, Rawls SM, Olive MF (October 2018). "DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Cathinone-Derived Psychostimulants". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 9 (10): 2379–2394. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00147. PMC 6197900. PMID 29714473.
- ↑ Beck O, Bäckberg M, Signell P, Helander A (April 2018). "Intoxications in the STRIDA project involving a panorama of psychostimulant pyrovalerone derivatives, MDPV copycats". Clinical Toxicology. 56 (4): 256–263. doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1370097. PMID 28895757.
- ↑ Majchrzak M, Celiński R, Kuś P, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M (2018). "The newest cathinone derivatives as designer drugs: an analytical and toxicological review". Forensic Toxicology. 36 (1): 33–50. doi:10.1007/s11419-017-0385-6. PMC 5754390. PMID 29367861.
- ↑ Colzato LS, Ruiz MJ, van den Wildenberg WP, Hommel B (2011). "Khat use is associated with impaired working memory and cognitive flexibility". PLOS ONE. 6 (6): e20602. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...620602C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020602. PMC 3115937. PMID 21698275.
- ↑ Europol 2008 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2009 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2013 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2014 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2015 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2016 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ Europol 2017 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
- ↑ European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (December 2020). New psychoactive substances: global markets, glocal threats and the COVID-19 pandemic. An update from the EU Early Warning System (PDF). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2810/921262. ISBN 9789294975584.
- ↑ Maurer HH, Kraemer T, Springer D, Staack RF (April 2004). "Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and hepatic metabolism of designer drugs of the amphetamine (ecstasy), piperazine, and pyrrolidinophenone types: a synopsis". Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 26 (2): 127–31. doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00007. PMID 15228152. S2CID 9255084.
- ↑ Davis S, Rands-Trevor K, Boyd S, Edirisinghe M (April 2012). "The characterisation of two halogenated cathinone analogues: 3,5-difluoromethcathinone and 3,5-dichloromethcathinone". Forensic Science International. 217 (1–3): 139–45. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.042. PMID 22088945.
- ↑ Liu C, Jia W, Li T, Hua Z, Qian Z (August 2017). "Identification and analytical characterization of nine synthetic cathinone derivatives N-ethylhexedrone, 4-Cl-pentedrone, 4-Cl-α-EAPP, propylone, N-ethylnorpentylone, 6-MeO-bk-MDMA, α-PiHP, 4-Cl-α-PHP, and 4-F-α-PHP". Drug Testing and Analysis. 9 (8): 1162–1171. doi:10.1002/dta.2136. PMID 27863142.
- ↑ Błażewicz A, Bednarek E, Popławska M, Olech N, Sitkowski J, Kozerski L (2019). "Identification and structural characterization of synthetic cathinones: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-dimethylmethcathinone, 2,4-dimethylethcathinone, 2,4-dimethyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 4-bromo-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one and 2,4-dimethylisocathinone". Forensic Toxicol. 37 (2): 288–307. doi:10.1007/s11419-018-00463-w. S2CID 59618061.
- ↑ Westphal F, Girreser U, Angerer V, Auwärter V (January 2016). "Analytische Daten neuer 2-aminosubstituierter Methylendioxyvalerophenonderivate". Toxichem Krimtech. 83 (1): 3–29.
- ↑ Majchrzak M, Celiński R, Kuś P, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M (2018). "The newest cathinone derivatives as designer drugs: an analytical and toxicological review". Forensic Toxicology. 36 (1): 33–50. doi:10.1007/s11419-017-0385-6. PMC 5754390. PMID 29367861.
- ↑ Carlsson A, Sandgren V, Svensson S, Konradsson P, Dunne S, Josefsson M, Dahlén J (February 2018). "Prediction of designer drugs: Synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of synthetic cathinone analogs that may appear on the Swedish drug market". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (7): 1076–1098. doi:10.1002/dta.2366. PMID 29426062.
- ↑ Cheng WC, Wong WC (May 2019). "Forensic drug analysis of chloro-N,N-dimethylcathinone (CDC) and chloroethcathinone (CEC): Identification of 4-CDC and 4-CEC in drug seizures and differentiation from their ring-substituted positional isomers". Forensic Science International. 298: 268–277. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.002. PMID 30925345.
- ↑ Lajtai A, Mayer M, Lakatos Á, Kuzma M, Miseta A (November 2020). "New psychoactive versus conventional stimulants - a ten-year review of casework in Hungary". Legal Medicine. 47: 101780. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101780. PMID 32882537. S2CID 221496728.
- ↑ Jones NS, Comparin JH (2020). "Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019". Forensic Science International. Synergy. 2: 608–669. doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019. PMC 7770462. PMID 33385148.
- ↑ "Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta kielletyistä psykoaktiivisista aineista" [Government Decree on Psychoactive Substances Banned from the Consumer Market]. Finlex Data Bank (به فنلاندی).