orior

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *orjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi), Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ri.or/, [ˈɔriɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.ri.or/, [ˈɔːrior]

Verb

orior (present infinitive orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

1. to rise, get up

   Synonyms: coorior, exorior, oborior, surgō, ēmergō, assurgō

   Antonyms: cadō, concēdō, decēdō, cēdō, intereō, discēdō, excēdō, occidō, pereō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.729–730:

     Iam tua, Lāomedōn, oritur nurus ortaque noctem pellit

     Now, Laomedon, your daughter-in-law is rising, and having risen, she dispels the night
     (That is to say, the goddess of dawn, the Greek Eos or Roman Aurora; her fabled consorts included Tithonus, son of Laomedon of Troy. See also “ortus”, the perfect active participle of the deponent verb “orior”.)

2. to appear, arise, become visible

   Synonyms: appāreō, pāreō

3. to be born, come to exist, originate

Usage notes

• Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms.
• Present active infinitive only orīrī, other 4th conjugation forms occur, particularly in manuscripts.
• Past participle exclusively ortus, future participle exclusively oritūrus, gerund almost exclusively oriundus.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of orior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	orior	oreris, orere	oritur	orimur	oriminī	oriuntur
	imperfect	oriēbar	oriēbāris, oriēbāre	oriēbātur	oriēbāmur	oriēbāminī	oriēbantur
	future	oriar	oriēris, oriēre	oriētur	oriēmur	oriēminī	orientur
	perfect	ortus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	ortus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	ortus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	oriar	oriāris, oriāre	oriātur	oriāmur	oriāminī	oriantur
imperfect	orīrer, orerer	orīrēris, orīrēre, orerēris, orerēre	orīrētur, orerētur	orīrēmur, orerēmur	orīrēminī, orerēminī	orīrentur, orerentur
perfect	ortus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	ortus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	orere	—	—	oriminī	—
	future	—	oritor	oritor	—	—	oriuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		orīrī	ortum esse	oritūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		oriēns	ortus	oritūrus	—	—	oriendus, oriundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		oriendī	oriendō	oriendum	oriendō	ortum	ortū

Derived terms

• aborior
• adorior
• coorior
• exorior
• oborior
• oriēns
• orīgō
• oriundus
• ortus

 

Descendants

• Italian: orire
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *oricāre
  • Romanian: urca
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ortiāre
  • Italian: orzare
    • → Portuguese: orçar

References

• “orior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “orior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• orior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the Rhine rises in the Alps: Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus
    
  • the sun rises, sets: sol oritur, occidit
    
  • to begin with a long syllable: oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236)
    
  • war breaks out: bellum oritur, exardescit
    
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326