countervail

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English

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Etymology

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From Anglo-Norman countrevaloir (Old French contrevaloir), from Latin contrā valēre (to be strong against).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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countervail (third-person singular simple present countervails, present participle countervailing, simple past and past participle countervailed)

  1. (obsolete) To have the same value or number as.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. [] The First Part [], 2nd edition, part 1, London: [] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, [], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act IIII, scene i:
      Nay could their numbers counteruaile the ſtars
      Or [euer] driſling drops of April ſhowers,
      Or withered leaues that Autume ſhaketh down,
      Yet would the Souldane by his conquering power:
      So ſcatter and conſume them in his rage,
      That not a man ſhal liue to rue their fall.
  2. To counter, counteract, counterbalance, neutralize, or negate.
    • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 63, column 2:
      It cannot counteruaile the exchange of joy / That one ſhort minute giues me in her ſight:
    • 1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter II, in The Last Days of Pompeii. [], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, []; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC, book IV, page 209:
      [] should I find thine ear closed and thy heart hardened, what hope for myself could countervail the despair for thee?
    • 2020 February 8, Patrick Boucheron, “'Real power is fear': what Machiavelli tells us about Trump in 2020”, in The Guardian[1]:
      When justice stops being effective (or when crimes of corruption stop being punished) and when political vio­lence is no longer a threat, there is nothing left to cause fear in those who govern shamelessly, that is, buoyed by a mood they aren’t in control of and that no one is on hand to countervail.
  3. To compensate for.
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 38, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes [], book I, London: [] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount [], →OCLC:
      I am one of those who thinke their fruit can no way countervaile this losse.
    • c. 1700, Roger L'Estrange, Seneca's Morals:
      countervail a very confiderable Advantage to all Men of Letters
    • 1988, Richard Ellmann, The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry, 2nd edition, New York: W.W. Norton, page 539:
      If [Wilfred] Owen preserves his youthful romanticism, or at least a shell of it, he uses it to countervail the horrifying scenes he describes, just as he poses his own youth against the age-old spectacle of men dying in pain and futility.

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