ceap

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /capˠ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish cepp (“tree stump; stock”), from Latin cippus (“stake”). The verb is denominal from the noun.

Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, nominative plural ceapa)

1. block (cuboid base for cutting)
2. base (something from which other things extend)
3. pad (block of paper; flat surface where an aircraft may land or be launched)

Declension

Declension of ceap

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative ceap ceapa Vocative a chip a cheapa Genitive cip ceap Dative ceap ceapa

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an ceap na ceapa Genitive an chip na gceap Dative leis an gceap don cheap leis na ceapa

Derived terms

• ceap búistéara (“chopping-block”)
• ceap ceangail (“bollard, bitt; bitts”)
• ceap magaidh (“laughing-stock”)
• ceap oifigí (“office block”)
• ceap rotha (“nave of wheel”)
• ceap tithe (“block of houses”)
• ceap tuisle (“stumbling block”)
• cipín

 

Verb

ceap (present analytic ceapann, future analytic ceapfaidh, verbal noun ceapadh, past participle ceaptha) (transitive, intransitive)

1. to invent
2. to appoint, assign (name to a post, select for a position)
3. to think (communicate to oneself in one’s mind, be of the opinion that, guess, reckon)
4. to catch (capture or snare, intercept an object in the air etc.)

Conjugation

conjugation of ceap (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	ceapaim	ceapann tú; ceapair†	ceapann sé, sí	ceapaimid	ceapann sibh	ceapann siad; ceapaid†	a cheapann; a cheapas / a gceapann*; a gceapas*	ceaptar
	past	cheap mé; cheapas	cheap tú; cheapais	cheap sé, sí	cheapamar; cheap muid	cheap sibh; cheapabhair	cheap siad; cheapadar	a cheap / ar cheap*	ceapadh
	past habitual	cheapainn / gceapainn‡‡	cheaptá / gceaptᇇ	cheapadh sé, sí / gceapadh sé, s퇇	cheapaimis; cheapadh muid / gceapaimis‡‡; gceapadh muid‡‡	cheapadh sibh / gceapadh sibh‡‡	cheapaidís; cheapadh siad / gceapaidís‡‡; gceapadh siad‡‡	a cheapadh / a gceapadh*	cheaptaí / gceapta퇇
future		ceapfaidh mé; ceapfad	ceapfaidh tú; ceapfair†	ceapfaidh sé, sí	ceapfaimid; ceapfaidh muid	ceapfaidh sibh	ceapfaidh siad; ceapfaid†	a cheapfaidh; a cheapfas / a gceapfaidh*; a gceapfas*	ceapfar
conditional		cheapfainn / gceapfainn‡‡	cheapfá / gceapfᇇ	cheapfadh sé, sí / gceapfadh sé, s퇇	cheapfaimis; cheapfadh muid / gceapfaimis‡‡; gceapfadh muid‡‡	cheapfadh sibh / gceapfadh sibh‡‡	cheapfaidís; cheapfadh siad / gceapfaidís‡‡; gceapfadh siad‡‡	a cheapfadh / a gceapfadh*	cheapfaí / gceapfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go gceapa mé; go gceapad†	go gceapa tú; go gceapair†	go gceapa sé, sí	go gceapaimid; go gceapa muid	go gceapa sibh	go gceapa siad; go gceapaid†	—	go gceaptar
	past	dá gceapainn	dá gceaptá	dá gceapadh sé, sí	dá gceapaimis; dá gceapadh muid	dá gceapadh sibh	dá gceapaidís; dá gceapadh siad	—	dá gceaptaí
imperative		ceapaim	ceap	ceapadh sé, sí	ceapaimis	ceapaigí; ceapaidh†	ceapaidís	—	ceaptar
verbal noun		ceapadh
past participle		ceaptha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

• ceapaire
• coincheap

Etymology 2

From French cèpe, from Latin cippus (“stake”); see etymology 1.

Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, nominative plural ceapa)

1. cep, porcini

Declension

Declension of ceap

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative ceap ceapa Vocative a chip a cheapa Genitive cip ceap Dative ceap ceapa

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an ceap na ceapa Genitive an chip na gceap Dative leis an gceap don cheap leis na ceapa

Derived terms

• ceap dearnála (“darning mushroom”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ceap	cheap	gceap
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ceap”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ceap”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 127
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ceapaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 127
• “cep”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2024
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ceap”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kaup (“trade, purchase”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃæ͜ɑːp/

Noun

ċēap m

1. cattle, any commodity
2. sale
3. trade
4. bargain
5. price
6. property

Declension

Declension of cēap (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	cēap	cēapas
accusative	cēap	cēapas
genitive	cēapes	cēapa
dative	cēape	cēapum

Derived terms

• ċīepe (“for sale”)

Related terms

• ċēapian
• ċēapmann
• ċīepan

Descendants

• Middle English: chep, chepe
  • English: cheap

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish cepp (“tree stump; stock”), from Latin cippus (“stake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʲʰɛhp/

Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, plural cip or ceapan or ceapannan)

1. block, lump
2. last (shoemaker's)
3. cap (head garment)
4. cape (piece of land)
5. fret (on a string instrument)

Derived terms

• buabhall Ceap (“Cape buffalo”)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
ceap	cheap
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cepp”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language