arian

See also: Arian and -arian

Old English

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀēn, from Proto-Germanic *aizāną (“to spare; protect; honour”); equivalent to ār (“honour”) +‎ -ian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑː.ri.ɑn/

Verb

ārian

1. to show mercy to, spare
   • Nænegum arað leode Deniga ac he lust wigeð, swefeð ond sændeþ.

     He spares none of the Danish people, but carries on his delight, slaying and dispatching.

     (Beowulf ll. 598-600)

2. to pardon
   • Laws of King Ine

     Ġif hē ealdormon sie, ðolie his sċire, buton him kyning arian wille

     If he is an alderman, he shall lose his shire, unless the king wishes to pardon him.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ārian (weak class 2)

infinitive	ārian	ārienne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	āriġe	ārode
second person singular	ārast	ārodest
third person singular	āraþ	ārode
plural	āriaþ	ārodon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	āriġe	ārode
plural	āriġen	āroden
imperative
singular	āra
plural	āriaþ
participle	present	past
	āriende	(ġe)ārod

Descendants

• Middle English: oren, aren, arenn (Ormulum)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French aryen.

Adjective

arian m or n (feminine singular ariană, masculine plural arieni, feminine and neuter plural ariene)

1. Aryan

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	arian		ariană		arieni	ariene
	definite	arianul		ariana		arienii	arienele
genitive- dative	indefinite	arian		ariene		arieni	ariene
	definite	arianului		arienei		arienilor	arienelor

Swedish

Noun

arian

1. definite singular of aria

Welsh

Chemical element
Ag
Previous: paladiwm (Pd)
Next: cadmiwm (Cd)

Pot coffi arian

Arian

Etymology

From Middle Welsh ariant, from Old Welsh argant, from Proto-Brythonic *arɣant, from Proto-Celtic *argantom (“silver”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white; shine”). Compare Breton arc'hant/argant, Irish airgead and Latin argentum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈarjan/
• Rhymes: -arjan

Noun

arian m (usually uncountable, plural ariannau or ariannoedd)

1. silver, argent
2. money

   Synonym: pres

Derived terms

• ariangar (“covetous”)
• arian bath
• arian breiniol
• arian byw
• arian cochion
• arian degol
• arian gwynion
• arian mân
• arian nitrad (“silver nitrate”)
• arian papur (“paper money”)
• arian parod (“ready money, cash”)
• arian poced (“pocket money”)
• arian treigl
• arian wrth gefn
• ariannaidd (“silvery, silvern”)
• ariannol (“monetary”)
• ariannu
• ariannwr (“banker, cashier”)
• dail arian
• darn arian
• gof arian (“silversmith”)
• medal arian
• peiriant arian (“cash machine”)

Adjective

arian (feminine singular arian, plural arian, not comparable)

1. silver, silvern (made of silver)
2. silver, silvery (in colour)
3. (figurative) silvery

Synonyms

• ariannaidd

Mutation

Mutated forms of arian

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
arian	unchanged	unchanged	harian

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arian”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies