albeit

English

Etymology

From the Middle English expression al be it (that), itself shortened from althagh it be that (“although it be that”), and thus composed from al (“completely, entirely”) +‎ be (3rd person singular present subjunctive of been (“to be”)) +‎ it.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɔlˈbi.ət/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ɑlˈbi.ɪt/
• Hyphenation: al‧be‧it

Conjunction

albeit

1. Although, despite (it) being.

   Synonyms: as much as, though; see also Thesaurus:even though

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 170:

     VVho are you? tell me for more certainty, / Albeit Ile ſvveare that I do knovv your tongue.

   • 2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, page 92:

     The stranger had crossed a sacred line. He had mentioned the men’s mothers. Nothing could get him out of a beating now, even the fact that he was obviously a simpleton. Albeit a simpleton with a good vocabulary.

   • 2007 June 17, Ellen Marrus, Houston Chronicle:

     There’s an easy, albeit expensive, way to fix the national crisis in forensic crime labs.

   • 2011 September 24, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 67 – 3 Romania”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Up front, skipper and open-side Lewis Moody looked almost back to full fitness, while England's set-piece was barely troubled, albeit against a Romania side showing 11 changes from that beaten by Argentina earlier in the week.

Usage notes

• The word albeit historically also introduced an independent clause as although does (as in the Shakespearean quote above); however after the Early Modern English period, it ceased to do so, and today only introduces a noun phrase, adjectival phrase, adverbial phrase, or dependent clause.
• Rarely, albethey is used when the meaning is “despite (the multiple things) being” rather than “despite (the single thing) being”; this is nonstandard, based on a reanalysis of albeit.

Alternative forms

• albe, albethey

Related terms

• howbeit
• sobeit

Translations

although; despite (it) being

• Arabic: وَلَو (walaw)
• Bulgarian: мака́р (bg) (makár), мака́р и (makár i)
• Catalan: encara que (ca), tanmateix (ca), però (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 雖然／虽然 (zh) (suīrán)

• Czech: třebaže (cs)
• Danish: omend, selv om
• Dutch: alhoewel (nl), hoewel (nl), ofschoon (nl)
• Esperanto: kvankam (eo)
• Finnish: vaikka (fi), vaikkakin (fi), joskin (fi)
• French: bien que (fr), quoique (fr)
• Galician: inanque, aínda que, maxer, macar (gl), decasí, porén (gl), malia, embora, orasme, decontra, emporiso (gl), noustante
• German: wenn auch, wenngleich (de), obgleich (de), obschon (de)
• Greek: καίτοι (el) (kaítoi), μολονότι (el) (molonóti)
• Gujarati: જોકે (joke), પરંતુ (parantu), તેમ છતાં (tem chatā̃)
• Hebrew: אַף כִּי (af ki), אַף עַל פִּי (af al pi)
• Hindi: किन्तु (hi) (kintu), परन्तु (hi) (parantu)
• Ido: quankam (io)
• Indonesian: walaupun (id), meskipun (id)
• Italian: benché (it)
• Japanese: とはいえ (to wa ie), ではあるが (de wa aru ga)
• Latin: etsi (la)
• Lithuanian: nors ir
• Macedonian: и́ако (íako), се́пак (sépak)
• Malay: walau (ms), meski
• Norwegian: selv om (no), om enn
• Occitan: malgrat, tot ben que, encara que
• Persian: اگرچه (fa) (agarče), هرچند (fa) (harčand)
• Polish: chociaż (pl), acz (pl), aczkolwiek (pl)
• Portuguese: se bem que (pt), mesmo que, ainda que
• Romanian: totuși (ro), dar (ro)
• Russian: хотя́ (ru) (xotjá)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: иако, мада, премда, чак и ако

  Roman: iako (sh), mada, premda (sh), čak i ako

• Slovak: aj keď
• Slovene: četudi (sl), čeprav (sl)
• Spanish: aunque (es), no obstante (es), si bien (es)
• Swedish: om än
• Turkish: her ne kadar (tr), yine (tr), gerçi (tr), ise de

Anagrams

• albite, betail, libate

Yola

Conjunction

albeit

1. Alternative form of abeit
   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 7-9:

     and whilke we canna zei, albeit o' 'Governere,' 'Statesman,' an alike.

     and for which we have no words but of 'Governor,' 'Statesman,' &c.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 22