airde

See also: àirde and áirde

Irish

Alternative forms

• áirde (superseded)
• aoirde

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːɾˠdʲə/
• (Waterford, Cork) IPA^(key): (corresponding to the spelling aoirde) /ˈiːɾˠdʲə/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːɾˠdʲə/, /ˈaiɾʲdʲə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈʌɾˠdʲə/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ardae, airde f (“height; high place”), from Proto-Celtic *ardwiyā. By surface analysis, ard (“high”) +‎ -e.

Noun

airde f (genitive singular airde, nominative plural airdí)

1. height
2. elevation
3. (astronomy, geometry) altitude
4. level
5. (sound, music) volume, pitch

Declension

Declension of airde

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative airde airdí Vocative a airde a airdí Genitive airde airdí Dative airde airdí

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an airde na hairdí Genitive na hairde na n-airdí Dative leis an airde don airde leis na hairdí

Derived terms

• airde ceolchoirme (“concert-pitch”)
• airdemhéadar
• claonairde (“slant height”)
• comh-airde
• feadóg airde
• in airde

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

airde

1. inflection of ard:
   1. feminine genitive singular
   2. comparative degree

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
airde	n-airde	hairde	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “áirde”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 15
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “airde”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸareweidyom, from *ɸare- +‎ *wēd- (“to know”). Cognate to Welsh arwydd, Breton arouez.

Alternative forms

• arde

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈarʲðʲe]

Noun

airde n (genitive airdi, nominative plural airde)

1. sign, token
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51^b10

     In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.

     When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Declension

Neuter io-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	airdeN	airdeL	airdeL
Vocative	airdeN	airdeL	airdeL
Accusative	airdeN	airdeL	airdeL
Genitive	airdiL	airdeL	airdeN
Dative	airdiuL	airdib	airdib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Etymology 2

Noun

airde f

1. Alternative form of ardae (“height”)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
airde (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-airde
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “airde”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language