aer

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aer"

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

From Malay air.

Noun

aer

1. water

References

• D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎^[1], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Breton

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛʁ/

Noun

aer f (plural aerioù)

1. air

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *airo, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognate with Finnish airo.

Noun

aer (genitive aeru, partitive aeru)

1. paddle

   Synonym: mõla

Declension

Declension of aer (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		aer	aerud
accusative	nom.
	gen.	aeru
genitive			aerude
partitive		aeru	aere aerusid
illative		aeru aerusse	aerudesse aeresse
inessive		aerus	aerudes aeres
elative		aerust	aerudest aerest
allative		aerule	aerudele aerele
adessive		aerul	aerudel aerel
ablative		aerult	aerudelt aerelt
translative		aeruks	aerudeks aereks
terminative		aeruni	aerudeni
essive		aeruna	aerudena
abessive		aeruta	aerudeta
comitative		aeruga	aerudega

Irish

Alternative forms

• aidhéar

Etymology

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr).

Pronunciation

• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /eːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /eːɾˠ/, [ɛːɾˠ]

Noun

aer m (genitive singular aeir, nominative plural aeir)

1. air
2. sky
3. (weather) climate
4. gaiety, pleasure
5. (music) air, tune

Declension

Declension of aer

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative aer aeir Vocative a aeir a aera Genitive aeir aer Dative aer aeir

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-aer na haeir Genitive an aeir na n-aer Dative leis an aer don aer leis na haeir

Synonyms

• (sky, air): spéir
• (climate): aeráid, clíoma

Derived terms

• aer-
• aerach
• aerfort
• aerghiotár
• aertha

 

Noun

aer m (genitive singular aeir)

1. wonder

Declension

Declension of aer

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative aer Vocative a aeir Genitive aeir Dative aer

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an t-aer Genitive an aeir Dative leis an aer don aer

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
aer	n-aer	haer	t-aer
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “aer”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 6
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “aer”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr, “air”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.eːr/, [ˈäːeːr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.er/, [ˈäːer]

Noun

āēr m or f (genitive āeris or āeros); third declension

1. air
2. the lower atmosphere

Declension

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, variant with nominative singular in -ēr).

	singular	plural
nominative	āēr	āerēs āera
genitive	āeris āeros	āerum
dative	āerī	āeribus
accusative	āera āerem	āerēs āera
ablative	āere	āeribus
vocative	āēr	āerēs

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: air, airu
  • Romanian: aer
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: aere, aiere, aire, are (archaic)
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: aiar, ajar (alternative orthography)
  • Ligurian: àire, ære
  • Lombard: àira, àjer
  • Piedmontese: àire
  • Romansch: ajer, aria, leer
  • Venetan: aiere, agere
    • → Cimbrian: èar
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: êr, âr, air, are
  • Old French: air, aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire
    • French: air
    • Norman: air
    • → Middle English: aire, ayre, eire, eyre, aere
      • English: air
      • Scots: air
      • Yola: aare
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: aire
  • Occitan: aire, aere
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: aire
    • Mirandese: aire
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: aar, aire, aere
    • Galician: ar, aire
    • Portuguese: ar
  • Spanish: aire
    • → Basque: aire
    • → Tagalog: eyre
• Insular Romance
  • Sardinian: aera, àeri, àghera, àiri, ari, ària
• From the metathesis (and/or femininization) of Latin āera (the Greek-type accusative):
  • Dalmatian:
    • aria
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: aria (see there for further descendants)
      • → Venetan: aria
      • → Ligurian: âia
      • → Lombard: aria
      • → Piedmontese: aria
    • Sicilian: àriu ⇒ ària
      • → Maltese: arja
• Borrowings:
• → Albanian: ajër
• → Proto-Celtic:
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Breton: aer
    • Cornish: air, ayr
    • Middle Welsh: awyr
      • Welsh: awyr
  • Old Irish: aer
    • Irish: aer, aidhéar
    • Manx: aer
    • Scottish Gaelic: adhar
• → Polish: (Middle Polish) aer (learned)

References

• “aer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• aer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Malay

Noun

aer (informal 1st possessive aerku, 2nd possessive aermu, 3rd possessive aernya)

1. (Medan) alternative spelling of air (“water”)

Manado Malay

Etymology

From Malay air.

Noun

aer

1. water

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːə/

Noun

aer f

1. sky
2. air

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *ār, from Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ.

Noun

âer f

1. ear (of corn, grain etc.)

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: aar
  • Afrikaans: aar

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *arn, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

Noun

āer m

1. eagle

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: aar

Further reading

• “aer”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “aer (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “aer (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Old Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.er/

Noun

aer m (genitive aeir, nominative plural aeir)

1. air
2. sky

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	aer	aerL	aeirL
Vocative	aeir	aerL	aeruH
Accusative	aerN	aerL	aeruH
Genitive	aeirL	aer	aerN
Dative	aerL	aeraib	aeraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: aer, aidhéar
• Manx: aer
• Scottish Gaelic: adhar

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
aer (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-aer
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aer”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Etymology

First attested in 1624–1625.

Pronunciation

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɛr/

Noun

aer m animacy unattested

1. Middle Polish form of aeria

Declension

Attested forms of aer

	singular	plural
nominative	aer	—
genitive	aeru	—
dative	—	—
accusative	—	—
instrumental	—	—
locative	—	—
vocative	—	—

References

• Danuta Lankiewicz (12.02.2021) “AER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin āēr.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

aer n (plural aere)

1. air

Declension

Declension of aer

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) aer	aerul	(niște) aere	aerele
genitive/dative	(unui) aer	aerului	(unor) aere	aerelor
vocative	aerule		aerelor

Derived terms

• aera
• aeresc
• aeros

Related terms

• aerisi

See also

• văzduh

Scots

Etymology 1

Noun

aer (plural aers)

1. Shetland form of air (“small quantity”)

References

• “aer, n.²”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Etymology 2

Noun

aer (plural aers)

1. Shetland form of air (“oar”)

References

• “aer, n.³”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Etymology 3

Noun

aer (plural aers)

1. Shetland form of air (“beach”)

References

• “aer, n.⁴”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Venetan

Etymology

From Latin habeō.

Verb

aer

1. to have

See also

• èser (“to be”)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /aːɨ̯r/
• (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ai̯r/
  • (air): (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /aːr/
• Rhymes: -aːɨ̯r

Etymology 1

From English air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Noun

aer m (uncountable)

1. air

   Synonym: awyr

Etymology 2

From Middle English heir, from Anglo-Norman eir, heir, from Latin hērēs.

Noun

aer m (plural aerion or aeron)

1. heir

   Synonym: etifedd

Derived terms

aeres (“heiress”)

Etymology 3

From Old Welsh hair, from Proto-Brythonic *aɨr, from Proto-Celtic *agrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“drive”). Doublet of amaeth (“agriculture”). Cognate with Irish ár, Manx haar, Scottish Gaelic àr.

Noun

aer f (plural aerau or aeroedd)

1. (obsolete) battle

   Synonym: brwydr

2. (obsolete) slaughter, carnage

   Synonyms: cyflafan, lladdfa

Etymology 4

Verb

aer

1. (literary) impersonal imperative of mynd

   Synonym: eler

Mutation

Mutated forms of aer

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
aer	unchanged	unchanged	haer

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “aer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hâer, from Old Dutch hār, from Proto-West Germanic *hār, from Proto-Germanic *hērą.

Noun

aer n (plural [please provide])

1. hair

Alternative forms

• aor
• 'aer
• 'aor