Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swangijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swankijaną, from *swinganą (“to swing”) +‎ *janą. Suggested to be related to Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afswaggwjan, “to despair”).

Verb

*swangijan

1. to cause to swing, waver

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*swangijan
1st sg. past	*swangidā
Infinitive	*swangijan
Genitive infin.	*swangijannjas
Dative infin.	*swangijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*swangijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*swangiju	*swangidā
2nd singular	*swangisi	*swangidēs, *swangidōs
3rd singular	*swangiþi	*swangidē, *swangidā
1st plural	*swangijum	*swangidum
2nd plural	*swangiþ	*swangidud
3rd plural	*swangijanþ	*swangidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*swangijē	*swangidī
2nd singular	*swangijēs	*swangidī
3rd singular	*swangijē	*swangidī
1st plural	*swangijēm	*swangidīm
2nd plural	*swangijēþ	*swangidīd
3rd plural	*swangijēn	*swangidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*swangi
Plural	*swangiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*swangijandī	*swangid

Descendants

• Old English: swenġan
  • Middle English: swengen, swengyn, suenge (Northern)
    • English: swinge
    • Scots: swinge, sweenge, swunge
    • Yola: swinged (preterite)
• Old Frisian: swenga
• Old Saxon: *swengian
  • Middle Low German: swengen
• Old Dutch: *swengen
  • Middle Dutch: swengen