Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/mam-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Etymology

A nursery term.

Noun

*mam(a)-

1. father

   Antonym: *ded-

Derived terms

• ⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *mamal- (“male”)

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: მამაჲ (mamay)
    • Georgian: მამა (mama)
  • Zan:
    • Mingrelian: მუმა (muma)
• Svan: მუ (mu)

References

• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*mam-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 278
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*mam-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 316
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*mama-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 114
• Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*mama-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 126

Further reading

• Gudava, Ṭogo (1960) “O-s u-ši gadasvlis zogierti šemtxveva zanur (megrul-č̣anur) enaši [Some cases of transition of o into u in Zan (Mingrelian-Chan) language]”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), volume 25, number 1, Tbilisi, page 119―122
• Mač̣avariani, Givi (1956) “A xmovnis labializaciis šemtxvevebi svanurši [Cases of labialization of the vowel a in Svan]”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), number 4, Tbilisi, page 365―368