Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ab

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *aba, *af, *afa

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑβ/

Preposition

*ab

1. away from, off of [with dative]
2. of [with dative]

Adverb

*ab

1. away

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ab(a), *af(a)
  • Old English: ob, æf, af, of
    • Middle English: of, off
      • Scots: of, off, af, aff
      • English: of, off
  • Old Frisian: af, of
    • Saterland Frisian: oawe, ou
    • West Frisian: af, ôf
  • Old Saxon: af
    • Middle Low German: af
      • Low German: af, of
      • Plautdietsch: auf
  • Old Dutch: ava, af-
    • Middle Dutch: ave, af
      • Dutch: af (but also ave- in averechts)
        • Afrikaans: af
      • Limburgish: aaf, aof
      • West Flemish: of
  • Old High German: aba; (rarely) ab; (northern) ava, af
    • Middle High German: abe, ab; (northern) ave, af
      • German: ab
        • Norwegian Bokmål: ab
      • Luxembourgish: of
      • Yiddish: אָפּ (op)
• Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛒ (*ab)
  • Old Norse: af
    • Icelandic: af
    • Faroese: av
    • Norn: av
    • Elfdalian: åv
    • Old Swedish: af, āf, aff
      • Swedish: av, af (pre-1906 spelling; remains in surnames)
    • Danish: af
    • Norwegian Bokmål: av
• Gothic: 𐌰𐍆 (af)