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貧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 贫
貧 U+8CA7, 貧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA7
← 貦
[U+8CA6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 貨 →
[U+8CA8]

Translingual

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Han character

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貧 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金尸竹金 (CSHC), four-corner 80806, composition ⿱分貝)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36677
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3628, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8CA7

Chinese

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trad. 貧
simp. 贫

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 貧
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (分) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扮 *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ
盼 *pʰrɯːns
頒 *praːn, *bɯn
朌 *praːn, *bɯn
鳻 *praːn, *bɯn
份 *prɯn, *bɯns
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn
玢 *prɯn
邠 *prɯn
攽 *prɯn
砏 *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn
貧 *brɯn
湓 *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns
盆 *bɯːn
葐 *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn
坌 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
坋 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
分 *pɯn, *bɯns
吩 *pɯn
粉 *pɯnʔ
黺 *pɯnʔ
芬 *pʰɯn
紛 *pʰɯn
衯 *pʰɯn
棻 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
氛 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
雰 *pʰɯn
忿 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ
魵 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
汾 *bɯn
羒 *bɯn
枌 *bɯn
棼 *bɯn
妢 *bɯn
梤 *bɯn
馚 *bɯn
鼢 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
蚡 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
弅 *bɯnʔ
秎 *bɯns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *brɯn) : phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns, “divide”) + semantic 貝 (“money”) – to divide one's money.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-b(u/i)l (“poor”); cognate with Tibetan དབུལ (dbul, “poor”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • pîn - literary;
    • pân - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 貧
Mandarin Beijing /pʰin³⁵/
Harbin /pʰin²⁴/
Tianjin /pʰin⁴⁵/
Jinan /pʰiẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /pʰiə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pʰin⁴²/
Xi'an /pʰiẽ²⁴/
Xining /pʰiə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /pʰiŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /pʰĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /pʰiŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /pʰin²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰin³¹/
Guiyang /pʰin²¹/
Kunming /pʰĩ³¹/
Nanjing /pʰin²⁴/
Hefei /pʰin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /pʰiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /pʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /biŋ²³/
Suzhou /bin¹³/
Hangzhou /bin²¹³/
Wenzhou /beŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /pʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /pʰin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /pin¹³/
Xiangtan /bin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /pʰin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pʰin¹¹/
Taoyuan /pʰin¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɐn²¹/
Nanning /pʰɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /pʰɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /piŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /peiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /pʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fin³¹/
/kiaŋ³¹/ 訓窮
Rime
Character 貧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 眞 (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符巾切
Baxter bin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bˠiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bᵚin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bien/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bjin/
Li
Rong 		/bjĕn/
Wang
Li 		/bǐĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貧
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		pín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]rə[n]/
English poor

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貧
Reading # 1/1
No. 3140
Phonetic
component 		分
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		貧
Old
Chinese 		/*brɯn/

Definitions

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貧

  1. poor; impoverished; destitute
  2. to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of
Synonyms
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  • (poor):
Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 貧, 窮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 窮, 貧窮
Singapore 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 窮
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 窮
Wanrong 窮
Xi'an 窮
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 窮
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 苦寒
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 窮
Cantonese Guangzhou 窮
Hong Kong 窮
Taishan 窮
Gan Nanchang 窮
Pingxiang 窮
Hakka Meixian 窮
Jin Taiyuan 窮
Northern Min Jian'ou 窮無
Eastern Min Fuzhou 窮
Southern Min Xiamen 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
Quanzhou 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤
Hui'an 窮赤
Zhangzhou 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空
Tainan 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦
Raoping 磽
Shantou 窮, 磽
Jieyang 窮, 磽
Leizhou 窮, 蒯
Wu Shanghai 窮
Suzhou 窮
Danyang 窮
Hangzhou 窮
Jinhua 倒灶
  • (to lack):
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of “poor”): 富 (fù)

Etymology 2

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The same word as 頻／频 (pín, “frequent”) (Xu, 1990).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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貧

  1. (colloquial) garrulous; talkative

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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貧

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. poverty

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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貧 (eumhun 가난할 빈 (gananhal bin))

  1. hanja form? of 빈 (“poverty”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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貧: Hán Nôm readings: bần

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