螳螂
Chinese
[edit]| praying mantis | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (螳螂) |
螳 | 螂 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰳇螂 | ||
| alternative forms | 螳蜋 螗螂 蟷蜋／𬠅蜋 當郎／当郎 螗蜋 | ||
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Etymology
[edit]Dimunitive reduplication (Sun, 1999).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tang2 nang2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tong4 long4
- Gan (Wiktionary): tong2 long
- Hakka
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tông-lông
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6daon-laon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ ㄌㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tángláng
- Wade–Giles: tʻang2-lang2
- Yale: táng-láng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarnglang
- Palladius: танлан (tanlan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tang2 nang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tanglang
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ²¹ naŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tong4 long4
- Yale: tòhng lòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tong4 long4
- Guangdong Romanization: tong4 long4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹ lɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tong2 long
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔŋ²⁴ lɔŋ²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thòng-lòng
- Hakka Romanization System: tongˇ longˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tong2 long2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰoŋ¹¹ loŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: dang lang
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*daːŋ raːŋ/
Noun
[edit]螳螂
- praying mantis (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 螳螂 (“praying mantis”) [map]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 螳 | 螂 |
| かまきり | |
| Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 蟷螂 (mantis sense) 鎌切 (mantis and fish senses) 杜父魚 (fish sense) |
Either a compound of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) + 切り (kiri, “cutting; cutter”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 切る (kiru, “to cut”)), or of 鎌 (kama, “sickle”) + キリ (kiri, onomatopoeia), where the kiri is imitative of the sound made by grasshoppers and katydids, and is found as a common element in the names of several insects of similar size and body shape. Compare 螽斯 (kirigirisu, “grasshopper; katydid”), 笹切 (sasakiri, “bush cricket; katydid”).
Considering the sharp forelegs of the mantis, the first derivation may be more probable.
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 螳螂 (tángláng).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a mantis (any of various large insects of the order Mantodea)
- (by extension, from the slender build of the insect) a skinny person or horse
- (rare) a fourspine sculpin, a fish of species Cottus kazika.
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カマキリ.
For the fourspine sculpin sense, the more common kanji spellings are 鎌切 and 杜父魚.[4][1]
Synonyms
[edit]- (fish): 鮎掛 (ayukake)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 螳 | 螂 |
| とう Hyōgai |
ろう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 螳螂 (MC dang lang).
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a mantis
Derived terms
[edit]- 蟷螂が斧を取りて隆車に向かう (tōrō ga ono o torite ryūsha ni mukau): “the mantis takes [up] its hatchets and faces off against a grand chariot” → a metaphor for a futile endeavor; compare English piss in the wind, quixotic
- 蟷螂が斧をもって隆車に向かう (tōrō ga ono o motte ryūsha ni mukau): “the mantis takes [up] its hatchets and faces off against a grand chariot” → a metaphor for a futile endeavor; compare English piss in the wind, quixotic
- 蟷螂の斧 (tōrō no ono): “the mantis's hatchets” → a metaphor for a futile endeavor; compare English piss in the wind, quixotic
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 螳 | 螂 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 螳
- Chinese terms spelled with 螂
- Chinese nouns classified by 隻/只
- Chinese disyllabic morphemes
- zh:Mantids
- Japanese terms spelled with 螳
- Japanese terms spelled with 螂
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
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- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms spelled with 螳 read as とう
- Japanese terms spelled with 螂 read as ろう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Mantids
- ja:Scorpaeniform fish
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms