ἐπιλύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon, on”) +‎ λῡ́ω (lū́ō, “loosen”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.pi.ly̌ː.ɔː/ → /e.piˈly.o/ → /e.piˈli.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ly̌ː.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.piˈly.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.piˈly.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.piˈly.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.piˈli.o/

Verb

ἐπῐλῡ́ω • (epĭlū́ō)

1. (generally) to set free, release, loose, untie
2. to solve, explain
3. to confute an accusation
4. (middle voice) to manumit
5. to release, discharge a debtor, pay, discharge a debt
6. (future tense, middle voice, with passive meaning) to lose strength, give in

Conjugation

   Present: ἐπῐλῡ́ω, ἐπῐλῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπῐλῡ́ω	ἐπῐλῡ́εις	ἐπῐλῡ́ει	ἐπῐλῡ́ετον	ἐπῐλῡ́ετον	ἐπῐλῡ́ομεν	ἐπῐλῡ́ετε	ἐπῐλῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλῡ́ω	ἐπῐλῡ́ῃς	ἐπῐλῡ́ῃ	ἐπῐλῡ́ητον	ἐπῐλῡ́ητον	ἐπῐλῡ́ωμεν	ἐπῐλῡ́ητε	ἐπῐλῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐλῡ́οιμῐ	ἐπῐλῡ́οις	ἐπῐλῡ́οι	ἐπῐλῡ́οιτον	ἐπῐλῡοίτην	ἐπῐλῡ́οιμεν	ἐπῐλῡ́οιτε	ἐπῐλῡ́οιεν
	imperative		ἐπῐ́λῡε	ἐπῐλῡέτω	ἐπῐλῡ́ετον	ἐπῐλῡέτων		ἐπῐλῡ́ετε	ἐπῐλῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπῐλῡ́ομαι	ἐπῐλῡ́ῃ, ἐπῐλῡ́ει	ἐπῐλῡ́εται	ἐπῐλῡ́εσθον	ἐπῐλῡ́εσθον	ἐπῐλῡόμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́εσθε	ἐπῐλῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλῡ́ωμαι	ἐπῐλῡ́ῃ	ἐπῐλῡ́ηται	ἐπῐλῡ́ησθον	ἐπῐλῡ́ησθον	ἐπῐλῡώμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́ησθε	ἐπῐλῡ́ωνται
	optative	ἐπῐλῡοίμην	ἐπῐλῡ́οιο	ἐπῐλῡ́οιτο	ἐπῐλῡ́οισθον	ἐπῐλῡοίσθην	ἐπῐλῡοίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́οισθε	ἐπῐλῡ́οιντο
	imperative		ἐπῐλῡ́ου	ἐπῐλῡέσθω	ἐπῐλῡ́εσθον	ἐπῐλῡέσθων		ἐπῐλῡ́εσθε	ἐπῐλῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπῐλῡ́ειν				ἐπῐλῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐλῡ́ων				ἐπῐλῡόμενος
	f	ἐπῐλῡ́ουσᾰ				ἐπῐλῡομένη
	n	ἐπῐλῦον				ἐπῐλῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐπέλῡον, ἐπελῡόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπέλῡον	ἐπέλῡες	ἐπέλῡε(ν)	ἐπελῡ́ετον	ἐπελῡέτην	ἐπελῡ́ομεν	ἐπελῡ́ετε	ἐπέλῡον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπελῡόμην	ἐπελῡ́ου	ἐπελῡ́ετο	ἐπελῡ́εσθον	ἐπελῡέσθην	ἐπελῡόμεθᾰ	ἐπελῡ́εσθε	ἐπελῡ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐπῐλῡ́σω, ἐπῐλῡ́σομαι, ἐπῐλῠθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπῐλῡ́σω	ἐπῐλῡ́σεις	ἐπῐλῡ́σει	ἐπῐλῡ́σετον	ἐπῐλῡ́σετον	ἐπῐλῡ́σομεν	ἐπῐλῡ́σετε	ἐπῐλῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιμῐ	ἐπῐλῡ́σοις	ἐπῐλῡ́σοι	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιτον	ἐπῐλῡσοίτην	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιμεν	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιτε	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐπῐλῡ́σομαι	ἐπῐλῡ́σῃ, ἐπῐλῡ́σει	ἐπῐλῡ́σεται	ἐπῐλῡ́σεσθον	ἐπῐλῡ́σεσθον	ἐπῐλῡσόμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́σεσθε	ἐπῐλῡ́σονται
	optative	ἐπῐλῡσοίμην	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιο	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιτο	ἐπῐλῡ́σοισθον	ἐπῐλῡσοίσθην	ἐπῐλῡσοίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́σοισθε	ἐπῐλῡ́σοιντο
passive	indicative	ἐπῐλῠθήσομαι	ἐπῐλῠθήσῃ	ἐπῐλῠθήσεται	ἐπῐλῠθήσεσθον	ἐπῐλῠθήσεσθον	ἐπῐλῠθησόμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῠθήσεσθε	ἐπῐλῠθήσονται
	optative	ἐπῐλῠθησοίμην	ἐπῐλῠθήσοιο	ἐπῐλῠθήσοιτο	ἐπῐλῠθήσοισθον	ἐπῐλῠθησοίσθην	ἐπῐλῠθησοίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῠθήσοισθε	ἐπῐλῠθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐπῐλῡ́σειν			ἐπῐλῡ́σεσθαι		ἐπῐλῠθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐλῡ́σων			ἐπῐλῡσόμενος		ἐπῐλῠθησόμενος
	f	ἐπῐλῡ́σουσᾰ			ἐπῐλῡσομένη		ἐπῐλῠθησομένη
	n	ἐπῐλῦσον			ἐπῐλῡσόμενον		ἐπῐλῠθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐπέλῡσᾰ, ἐπελῡσᾰ́μην, ἐπελῠ́θην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπέλῡσᾰ	ἐπέλῡσᾰς	ἐπέλῡσε(ν)	ἐπελῡ́σᾰτον	ἐπελῡσᾰ́την	ἐπελῡ́σᾰμεν	ἐπελῡ́σᾰτε	ἐπέλῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλῡ́σω	ἐπῐλῡ́σῃς	ἐπῐλῡ́σῃ	ἐπῐλῡ́σητον	ἐπῐλῡ́σητον	ἐπῐλῡ́σωμεν	ἐπῐλῡ́σητε	ἐπῐλῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιμῐ	ἐπῐλῡ́σειᾰς, ἐπῐλῡ́σαις	ἐπῐλῡ́σειε(ν), ἐπῐλῡ́σαι	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιτον	ἐπῐλῡσαίτην	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιμεν	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιτε	ἐπῐλῡ́σειᾰν, ἐπῐλῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		ἐπῐ́λῡσον	ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́τω	ἐπῐλῡ́σᾰτον	ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́των		ἐπῐλῡ́σᾰτε	ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐπελῡσᾰ́μην	ἐπελῡ́σω	ἐπελῡ́σᾰτο	ἐπελῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐπελῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐπελῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐπελῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐπελῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλῡ́σωμαι	ἐπῐλῡ́σῃ	ἐπῐλῡ́σηται	ἐπῐλῡ́σησθον	ἐπῐλῡ́σησθον	ἐπῐλῡσώμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́σησθε	ἐπῐλῡ́σωνται
	optative	ἐπῐλῡσαίμην	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιο	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιτο	ἐπῐλῡ́σαισθον	ἐπῐλῡσαίσθην	ἐπῐλῡσαίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐλῡ́σαισθε	ἐπῐλῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἐπῐ́λῡσαι	ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́σθω	ἐπῐλῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́σθων		ἐπῐλῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐπελῠ́θην	ἐπελῠ́θης	ἐπελῠ́θη	ἐπελῠ́θητον	ἐπελῠθήτην	ἐπελῠ́θημεν	ἐπελῠ́θητε	ἐπελῠ́θησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλῠθῶ	ἐπῐλῠθῇς	ἐπῐλῠθῇ	ἐπῐλῠθῆτον	ἐπῐλῠθῆτον	ἐπῐλῠθῶμεν	ἐπῐλῠθῆτε	ἐπῐλῠθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐλῠθείην	ἐπῐλῠθείης	ἐπῐλῠθείη	ἐπῐλῠθεῖτον, ἐπῐλῠθείητον	ἐπῐλῠθείτην, ἐπῐλῠθειήτην	ἐπῐλῠθεῖμεν, ἐπῐλῠθείημεν	ἐπῐλῠθεῖτε, ἐπῐλῠθείητε	ἐπῐλῠθεῖεν, ἐπῐλῠθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐπῐλῠ́θητῐ	ἐπῐλῠθήτω	ἐπῐλῠ́θητον	ἐπῐλῠθήτων		ἐπῐλῠ́θητε	ἐπῐλῠθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐπῐλῦσαι			ἐπῐλῡ́σᾰσθαι		ἐπῐλῠθῆναι
participle	m	ἐπῐλῡ́σᾱς			ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́μενος		ἐπῐλῠθείς
	f	ἐπῐλῡ́σᾱσᾰ			ἐπῐλῡσᾰμένη		ἐπῐλῠθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἐπῐλῦσᾰν			ἐπῐλῡσᾰ́μενον		ἐπῐλῠθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐπῐλέλῠκᾰ, ἐπῐλέλῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπῐλέλῠκᾰ	ἐπῐλέλῠκᾰς	ἐπῐλέλῠκε(ν)	ἐπῐλελῠ́κᾰτον	ἐπῐλελῠ́κᾰτον	ἐπῐλελῠ́κᾰμεν	ἐπῐλελῠ́κᾰτε	ἐπῐλελῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλελῠ́κω	ἐπῐλελῠ́κῃς	ἐπῐλελῠ́κῃ	ἐπῐλελῠ́κητον	ἐπῐλελῠ́κητον	ἐπῐλελῠ́κωμεν	ἐπῐλελῠ́κητε	ἐπῐλελῠ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοιμῐ, ἐπῐλελῠκοίην	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοις, ἐπῐλελῠκοίης	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοι, ἐπῐλελῠκοίη	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοιτον	ἐπῐλελῠκοίτην	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοιμεν	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοιτε	ἐπῐλελῠ́κοιεν
	imperative		ἐπῐλέλῠκε	ἐπῐλελῠκέτω	ἐπῐλελῠ́κετον	ἐπῐλελῠκέτων		ἐπῐλελῠ́κετε	ἐπῐλελῠκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπῐλέλῠμαι	ἐπῐλέλῠσαι	ἐπῐλέλῠται	ἐπῐλέλῠσθον	ἐπῐλέλῠσθον	ἐπῐλελῠ́μεθᾰ	ἐπῐλέλῠσθε	ἐπῐλέλῠνται
	subjunctive	ἐπῐλελῠμένος ὦ	ἐπῐλελῠμένος ᾖς	ἐπῐλελῠμένος ᾖ	ἐπῐλελῠμένω ἦτον	ἐπῐλελῠμένω ἦτον	ἐπῐλελῠμένοι ὦμεν	ἐπῐλελῠμένοι ἦτε	ἐπῐλελῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐλελῠμένος εἴην	ἐπῐλελῠμένος εἴης	ἐπῐλελῠμένος εἴη	ἐπῐλελῠμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐπῐλελῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐπῐλελῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐπῐλελῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐπῐλελῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἐπῐλέλῠσο	ἐπῐλελῠ́σθω	ἐπῐλέλῠσθον	ἐπῐλελῠ́σθων		ἐπῐλέλῠσθε	ἐπῐλελῠ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπῐλελῠκέναι				ἐπῐλελῠ́σθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐλελῠκώς				ἐπῐλελῠμένος
	f	ἐπῐλελῠκυῖᾰ				ἐπῐλελῠμένη
	n	ἐπῐλελῠκός				ἐπῐλελῠμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐπελελῠ́κειν, ἐπελελῠ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπελελῠ́κειν, ἐπελελῠ́κη	ἐπελελῠ́κεις, ἐπελελῠ́κης	ἐπελελῠ́κει(ν)	ἐπελελῠ́κετον	ἐπελελῠκέτην	ἐπελελῠ́κεμεν	ἐπελελῠ́κετε	ἐπελελῠ́κεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπελελῠ́μην	ἐπελέλῠσο	ἐπελέλῠτο	ἐπελέλῠσθον	ἐπελελῠ́σθην	ἐπελελῠ́μεθᾰ	ἐπελέλῠσθε	ἐπελέλῠντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐπίλυσις (epílusis)
• ἐπιλυτέον (epilutéon)
• ἐπιλύτης (epilútēs)
• ἐπιλυτικός (epilutikós)
• ἐπίλυτος (epílutos)
• ἐπίλυτρος (epílutros)

Further reading

• ἐπιλύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “ἐπιλύω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “ἐπιλύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G1956 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible