ἆσθμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

For earlier *ἄνσθμα (*ánsthma), potentially a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”) with an extension of unclear origin, followed by the suffix -μα (-ma) (from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥). Compare ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /âːstʰ.ma/ → /ˈasθ.ma/ → /ˈasθ.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /âːstʰ.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈastʰ.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈasθ.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈasθ.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈasθ.ma/

Noun

ἆσθμᾰ • (âsthma) n (genitive ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτος); third declension

1. short-drawn breath, panting
2. (medicine) asthma

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ἆσθμᾰ; τοῦ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἆσθμᾰ tò âsthma	τὼ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτε tṑ ā́sthmate	τᾰ̀ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτᾰ tà ā́sthmata
Genitive	τοῦ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτος toû ā́sthmatos	τοῖν ᾱ̓σθμᾰ́τοιν toîn āsthmátoin	τῶν ᾱ̓σθμᾰ́των tôn āsthmátōn
Dative	τῷ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτῐ tôi ā́sthmati	τοῖν ᾱ̓σθμᾰ́τοιν toîn āsthmátoin	τοῖς ᾱ̓́σθμᾰσῐ / ᾱ̓́σθμᾰσῐν toîs ā́sthmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἆσθμᾰ tò âsthma	τὼ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτε tṑ ā́sthmate	τᾰ̀ ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτᾰ tà ā́sthmata
Vocative	ἆσθμᾰ âsthma	ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτε ā́sthmate	ᾱ̓́σθμᾰτᾰ ā́sthmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

• ἀσθμαίνω (asthmaínō, “pant, gasp for breath”)

Descendants

• Greek: άσθμα (ásthma)
• → Latin: āsthma
  • Asturian: asma
  • Catalan: asma
  • French: asthme
    • → Romanian: astmă
    • → Turkish: astım
    • → Persian: آسم (âsm)
  • Italian: asma
  • Spanish: asma
  • → Polish: astma
  • → Dutch: astma
    • Afrikaans: asma
    • → Indonesian: asma
  • → Hungarian: asztma

Further reading

• “ἆσθμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἆσθμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἆσθμα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἆσθμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἆσθμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἆσθμα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)