سفارش

Gojri

Alternative forms

• سْپارَش (spāraś)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).

Noun

سَفارَش (safāraś) f

1. recommendation, proposal

Further reading

• Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 279.
• Javaid Rahi (2015) گوجری ڈکشنری (in Gojri), page 593, column 2.

Persian

Alternative forms

• سپارش (sepâreš)

Etymology

From سپار (sepâr-, “to commit, entrust, deposit, order”) +‎ ـش (-eš, “-ment, -tion”). Compare Pashto سپارښت (spārə́x̌t).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [si.fɑː.ˈɾiʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [si.fɔː.ɾíʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [se.fɒː.ɹéʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [si.fɔ.ɾíʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	sifāriš
Dari reading?	sifāriš
Iranian reading?	sefâreš
Tajik reading?	siforiš

Noun

سِفارِش • (sefâreš)

Dari	سفارش
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сифориш

1. recommendation

   Synonyms: توصیه (towsiye), پیشنهاد (pišnahâd)

2. order (of a product or service)

   Synonym: ترتیب (tartib)

   • 2021, “برای شغل گلفروشی باید چه مهارتهایی داشته باشید؟”, in ilna.news‎^[1]:

     پس از سفارش گل ، گل فروشی ها گل ها را با پیک یا وانت به مکان مورد نظر برد و به کسی که آنها را سفارش داده است تحویل می دهند.

     pas az sefâreš-e gol, gol-foruši-hâ gol-hâ-râ bâ peyk yâ vânet be makân-e mowred nazar bord va be kasi ke ânhâ-râ sefâreš dâde ast tahvil mi-dehand.

     After the flower order [has been made], the florists take the flowers to the destination by courier or van, and deliver them to the person who has ordered them.

Derived terms

• سفارش دادن (sefâreš dâdan, “to order, to request”)
• سفارش مجدد (sefâreš-e mojaddad, “reorder”)
• سفارش نامه (sefâreš nâme, “letter of recommendation”)
• سفارش کردن (sefâreš kardan, “to recommend, to suggest”)
• سفارشی (sefâreši, “ordered, registered”)

 

Descendants

• → Ahirani: सिपारस (sipāras)
• → Azerbaijani: sifariş
• → Middle Bengali: সুফারিশ (suphariś)
  • Bengali: সুপারিশ (śupariś)
• → Bhojpuri: siphāris

  Devanagari script: सिफारिस

  Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂱𑂤𑂰𑂩𑂱𑂮

• → Chhattisgarhi: सिपारस (sipāras), सिपारिस (sipāris)
• → Dogri: saphāraś

  Devanagari script: सफारश

  Dogra script: 𑠩𑠟𑠬𑠤𑠧

• → Gojri: سَفارَش (safāraś), سْپارَش (spāraś)
• → Gujarati: શિફારસ (śiphāras), સિફારસ (siphāras)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सिफ़ारिश (sifāriś)

  Urdu: سِفارِش (sifāriś)

• → Kannada: ಶಿಫಾರಸು (śiphārasu)
• → Maithili: sipāris

  Devanagari script: सिपारिस

  Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒱𑒣𑒰𑒩𑒱𑒮

• → Malayalam: ശുപാർശ (śupāṟśa)
• → Malvi: सिफारिस (siphāris)
• → Marathi:

  Devanagari script: शिफारस (śiphāras)

  Modi script: 𑘫𑘲𑘣𑘰𑘨𑘭 (śīphāras)

• → Marwari:

  Devanagari script: सिफारस (siphāras), सिफारिस (siphāris), सुपारस (supāras)

  Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅰 (siphrs), 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅑𑅰 (siphris), 𑅰𑅒𑅨𑅭𑅰 (suprs)

• → Nepali: सिफारिस (siphāris)
• → Odia: ସୁପାରିସ୍ (supāris)
• → Pashto: سپارش (sipārísh, supārísh)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ (sifāriś), ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (sifāraś), ਸਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (safāraś)

  Shahmukhi script: سِفارَش (sifāraś), سِپارَس (sipāras)

• → Sindhi: sifāriśa, supārasa

  Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ

  Devanagari script: सिफ़ारिश, सुपारस

  Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋡𑋓𑋩𑋠𑋙𑋡𑋜, 𑋝𑋣𑋒𑋠𑋙𑋝

• → Tamil: சிபார்சு (cipārcu)
• → Telugu: సిపారసు (sipārasu)
• → Tulu: śiparāsŭ, śipārasŭ, siparāsŭ, sipārasŭ, sipārsi, sipārsŭ

  Kannada script: ಶಿಪರಾಸ್, ಶಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪರಾಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸಿ, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸ್

  Malayalam script: ശിപരാസ്, ശിപാരസ്, സിപരാസ്, സിപാരസ്, സിപാര്സി, സിപാര്സ്

• → Ottoman Turkish: سپارش (sipariş)
  • Turkish: sipariş

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سفارش”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سفارش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 684

Punjabi

Alternative forms

• سِپارَس (sipāras)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).

Noun

سِفارَش • (sifāraś) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼)

1. recommendation

Declension

Declension of سفارش
dir. sg.	سِفارَش (sifāraś)
dir. pl.	سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	سِفارَش (sifāraś)	سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ)
oblique	سِفارَش (sifāraś)	سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ)
vocative	سِفارَشے (sifāraśe)	سِفارَشو (sifāraśo)
ablative	سِفارَشوں (sifāraśoṉ)	سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ)
locative	سِفارَشی (sifāraśī)	سِفارَشِیں (sifāraśīṉ)
instrumental	سِفارَشِیں (sifāraśīṉ)	سِفارَشے (sifāraśe)

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “سِفارِش”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪʃ/
• Hyphenation: سِ‧فا‧رِش
• Rhymes: -ɪʃ

Noun

سِفارِش • (sifāriś) f (Hindi spelling सिफ़ारिश)

1. recommendation, endorsement

   مَیں نے اَپنے دوسْت کِی سِفارِش پَر یہ کِتَاب پَڑِھی۔

   ma͠i ne apne dost kī sifāriś par ye kitāb paṛhī.

   I read this book upon my friend's recommendation.

Declension

Declension of سفارش
	singular	plural
direct	سِفارِش (sifāriś)	سِفارِشیں (sifāriśẽ)
oblique	سِفارِش (sifāriś)	سِفارِشوں (sifāriśõ)
vocative	سِفارِش (sifāriś)	سِفارِشو (sifāriśo)

Derived terms

• سِفارِش نامَہ (sifāriś nāma)
• سِفارِش کَرْنَا (sifāriś karnā)
• سِفارِش گَر (sifāriś gar)
• سِفارِشی (sifāriśī)

 

Further reading

• S. W. Fallon (1879) “سفارش”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 768
• “سفارش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “سفارش”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 662
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سفارش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
• “سفارش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• John Shakespear (1834) “سفارش”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1076