حصار

See also: حضار

Arabic

Etymology

Ultimately from the root ح ص ر (ḥ-ṣ-r).

Noun

حِصَار • (ḥiṣār) m

1. verbal noun of حَاصَرَ (ḥāṣara) (form III)
2. blockade
3. siege

Declension

Declension of noun حِصَار (ḥiṣār)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِصَار ḥiṣār	الْحِصَار al-ḥiṣār	حِصَار ḥiṣār
Nominative	حِصَارٌ ḥiṣārun	الْحِصَارُ al-ḥiṣāru	حِصَارُ ḥiṣāru
Accusative	حِصَارًا ḥiṣāran	الْحِصَارَ al-ḥiṣāra	حِصَارَ ḥiṣāra
Genitive	حِصَارٍ ḥiṣārin	الْحِصَارِ al-ḥiṣāri	حِصَارِ ḥiṣāri

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: հիսար (hisar), խսար (xsar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: حصار (hisar)
  • Turkish: hisar
  • → Armenian: հիսար (hisar)
  • → Bulgarian: хиса́р (hisár)
  • → Macedonian: хисар (hisar)
• → Persian: حصار (hesâr)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حِصَار (ḥiṣār, “blockade, siege”), verbal noun of حَاصَرَ (ḥāṣara, “to beleaguer”).

Noun

حصار • (hisar) (definite accusative حصاری (hisarı), plural حصارلر (hisarlar))

1. castle, fortress, stronghold, any fortified place built to withstand attack

   Synonyms: حصن (hısn), دز (diz), قسطل (kastel), قلعه (kalʼe), كرمان (kerman)

2. rampart, bulwark, any defensive wall surrounding a castle, fort, or settlement

   Synonym: قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı)

Derived terms

• آفیون قره حصار (afyon kara hisar, “Afyonkarahisar, a city in Turkey”)
• آقحصار (akhisar, “Akhisar, a district of Turkey”)
• حصارجی (hisarcı, “peasant bound to repair a fortress”)
• حصارلو (hisarlı, “surrounded with ramparts”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hisar
• → Armenian: հիսար (hisar)
• → Bulgarian: хиса́р (hisár)
• → Macedonian: хисар (hisar)

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “حصار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 655
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hisar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1972
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “حصار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 199a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حصار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 509
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Arx”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 88
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حصار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1766
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hisar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حصار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 788

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حِصَار (ḥiṣār).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hi.sɑːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɪ.sɑːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɪ.sɑːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪ.sɑːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔi.sɔːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [he.sɒːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hi.sɔɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	hisār
Dari reading?	hisār
Iranian reading?	hesâr
Tajik reading?	hisor

Noun

حصار • (hesâr) (plural حصار‌ها (hesâr-hâ))

1. fence, barrier
2. (archaic) fortification, fortress
3. (archaic) safehouse
4. (archaic, music) a variant of Persian traditional music

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “حصار”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press